WordNet

a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
hunt fowl
hunt fowl in the forest
a contagious disease characterized by purulent skin eruptions that may leave pock marks

PrepTutorEJDIC

ビールス,ろ過性病原体
{C}にわとり(鶏)(アヒル・七面鳥など)家で飼う鳥) / 《修飾語を伴って》《集合的に;複数扱い》 / 〈U〉鶏肉,鳥肉
《古》発疹(はっしん)の出る病気(水痘(chicken pox),ほうそう(small pox)など) / 《the ~》《話》梅毒

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1. ウイルス誘発性の喘鳴および喘息：概要 virus induced wheezing and asthma an overview
2. ウイルス性髄膜炎：小児における臨床的特徴および診断 viral meningitis clinical features and diagnosis in children
3. 小児におけるB型肝炎ウイルス感染の概要 overview of hepatitis b virus infection in children
4. 小児におけるA型肝炎ウイルス感染の概要 overview of hepatitis a virus infection in children
5. C型肝炎ウイルス感染関連腎疾患の概要 overview of renal disease associated with hepatitis c virus infection

English Journal

Mixed infection by fowlpox virus and Chlamydophila psittaci in a commercial laying hen flock.

Karpińska TA1, Kozaczyński W1, Niemczuk K2, Jasik A1, Kycko A1, Reichert M1.Author information 1National Veterinary Research Institute Department of Pathology Partyzantów Avenue 57 24-100 Puławy Poland National Veterinary Research Institute - State Veterinary Institute Puławy Poland.2National Veterinary Research Institute - State Veterinary Institute Puławy Poland.AbstractAn outbreak of fowlpox occurred in a commercial laying hen flock in one of the western provinces of Poland. Clinical signs suggested fowlpox and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological detection of Bollinger bodies within the epithelial cells. Detailed ultrastructural examination revealed an additional concurrent infection with chlamydia-like particles. The particles were identified by PCR as fowlpox virus and Chlamydophila psittaci. It is worth noting that both pathogens can generate morphologic forms capable of prolonged survival and inducing latent and persistent infection. We suggest a possible interaction between the two pathogens on ultrastructural level and assess the clinical consequences of the mixed infection. This study also demonstrates a potential of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) for identifying a superinfection with another pathogen (in this case C. psittaci), which may remain undetected by routine techniques.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica.Acta Vet Hung.2014 Mar;62(1):42-51. doi: 10.1556/AVet.2013.038.
An outbreak of fowlpox occurred in a commercial laying hen flock in one of the western provinces of Poland. Clinical signs suggested fowlpox and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological detection of Bollinger bodies within the epithelial cells. Detailed ultrastructural examination revealed a
PMID 23974932

Recombinant adenovirus expressing the haemagglutinin of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) protects goats against challenge with pathogenic virus; a DIVA vaccine for PPR.

Herbert R, Baron J, Batten C, Baron M, Taylor G1.Author information 1The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom. geraldine.taylor@pirbright.ac.uk.AbstractPeste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a morbillivirus that can cause severe disease in sheep and goats, characterised by pyrexia, pneumo-enteritis, and gastritis. The socio-economic burden of the disease is increasing in underdeveloped countries, with poor livestock keepers being affected the most. Current vaccines consist of cell-culture attenuated strains of PPRV, which induce a similar antibody profile to that induced by natural infection. Generation of a vaccine that enables differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) would benefit PPR control and eradication programmes, particularly in the later stages of an eradication campaign and for countries where the disease is not endemic. In order to create a vaccine that would enable infected animals to be distinguished from vaccinated ones (DIVA vaccine), we have evaluated the immunogenicity of recombinant fowlpox (FP) and replication-defective recombinant human adenovirus 5 (Ad), expressing PPRV F and H proteins, in goats. The Ad constructs induced higher levels of virus-specific and neutralising antibodies, and primed greater numbers of CD8+ T cells than the FP-vectored vaccines. Importantly, a single dose of Ad-H, with or without the addition of Ad expressing ovine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and/or ovine interleukin-2, not only induced strong antibody and cell-mediated immunity but also completely protected goats against challenge with virulent PPRV, 4 months after vaccination. Replication-defective Ad-H therefore offers the possibility of an effective DIVA vaccine.
Veterinary research.Vet Res.2014 Feb 26;45(1):24. doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-24.
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a morbillivirus that can cause severe disease in sheep and goats, characterised by pyrexia, pneumo-enteritis, and gastritis. The socio-economic burden of the disease is increasing in underdeveloped countries, with poor livestock keepers being affected the m
PMID 24568545

Existence of variant strains Fowlpox virus integrated with Reticuloendotheliosis virus in its genome in field isolates in Tanzania.

Mzula A1, Masola SN, Kasanga CJ, Wambura PN.Author information 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania, amzula@yahoo.com.AbstractFowlpox virus (FPV) is one example of poultry viruses which undergoes recombination with Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). Trepidation had been raised, and it was well established on augmented pathogenicity of the FPV upon integration of the full intact REV. In this study, we therefore intended at assessing the integration of REV into FPV genome of the field isolates obtained in samples collected from different regions of Tanzania. DNA extraction of 85 samples (scabs) was performed, and FPV-specific PCR was done by the amplification of the highly conserved P4b gene. Evaluation of FPV-REV recombination was done to FPV-specific PCR positively identified samples by amplifying the env gene and REV long terminal repeats (5' LTR). A 578-bp PCR product was amplified from 43 samples. We are reporting for the first time in Tanzania the existence of variant stains of FPV integrated with REV in its genome as 65 % of FPV identified isolates were having full intact REV integration, 21 % had partial FPV-REV env gene integration and 5 % had partial 5' LTR integration. Despite of the fact that FPV-REV integrated stains prevailed, FPV-REV-free isolates (9 %) also existed. In view of the fact that full intact REV integration is connected with increased pathogenicity of FPV, its existence in the FPV genome of most field isolates could have played a role in increased endemic, sporadic and recurring outbreaks in selected areas in Tanzania.
Tropical animal health and production.Trop Anim Health Prod.2014 Feb 21. [Epub ahead of print]
Fowlpox virus (FPV) is one example of poultry viruses which undergoes recombination with Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). Trepidation had been raised, and it was well established on augmented pathogenicity of the FPV upon integration of the full intact REV. In this study, we therefore intended at
PMID 24557589

Japanese Journal

Protection and synergism by recombinant fowl pox vaccines expressing genes from Marek's disease virus

NAZERIAN K.
Avian Dis. 40, 368-376, 1996
NAID 30021521217

ELISAによる鶏痘ウイルスに対する抗体価の測定(短報)

入谷好一,澤口和成
日本獣医学雑誌 56(6), 1191-1193, 1994-12-15
ELISAによる鶏痘ウイルス(FPV)に対する抗体価の測定の実用性をSPF鶏, 種々のFPV株免疫鶏およびFPV以外の病原微生物に対する免疫血清を使用して評価した. 精製FPV抗原の濃度は10μg/mlの蛋白濃度が至適であった. この濃度における1から63日齢のSPF鶏のOD値は0.1以下であり, 種々なFPV株免疫血清のOD値は0.2以上を示した. また, FPV以外の病原微生物に対する免疫血清 …
NAID 110003916188