WordNet

make unclean; "foul the water"
an act that violates the rules of a sport
spot, stain, or pollute; "The townspeople defiled the river by emptying raw sewage into it" (同)befoul, defile, maculate
(of a baseball) not hit between the foul lines
become soiled and dirty
commit a foul; break the rules
hit a foul ball
a short respite (同)breather, breathing place, breathing space, breathing spell, breathing time
a slight movement of the air; "there wasnt a breath of air in the room"
the air that is inhaled and exhaled in respiration; "his sour breath offended her"
the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing; "he took a deep breath and dived into the pool"; "he was fighting to his last breath"
passing or able to pass air in and out of the lungs normally; sometimes used in combination; "the boy was disappointed to find only skeletons instead of living breathing dinosaurs"; "the heavy-breathing person on the telephone" (同)eupneic, eupnoeic
the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation (同)external_respiration, respiration, ventilation
uttered without voice; "could hardly hear her breathed plea, `Help me"; "voiceless whispers" (同)voiceless

PrepTutorEJDIC

『汚い』,不潔な(dirty);不快な,むかつくような / (行為などが)『邪悪な』;(言葉・話などが)下品な,みだらな / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(競技で)『反則の』;(野球で)ファウルの / (天候が)悪い / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(パイプ・煙突などが)詰まった / 《話》いやな,ひどい / 不正に,違法に / 〈C〉(競技の)『反則』 / =foul ball / 〈物・場所など〉‘を'汚す,〈評判・名声など〉‘を'汚す / 〈ロープなど〉‘を'もつれさせる,からませる / (競技で)〈相手〉‘に'対して反則行為をする;(野球で)〈投球〉‘を'ファウルする / 汚れる / 〈ロープなどが〉もつれる;〈網などが〉(…に)からまる《+『on』+『名』》 / (競技で)反則をする;(野球で)ファウルを打つ
〈U〉『息』,『呼吸』;UC〉1回の吸気(め気) / 〈C〉(風の)そよぎ;(…の)かすかなかおり《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)ささやき(whisper)《+『of』+『名』》
〈U〉呼吸;一息 / 〈C〉一呼吸の間,瞬時 / 〈C〉休息,休止
(船体の)付着物

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 口臭bad breath [show details]
… odor; 2 = slight odor; 3 = moderate odor; 4 = strong foul odor; 5 = unbearably strong foul odor; Mouth odor is evaluated by asking the patient to breathe out though the mouth. The examiner smells the odor …
2. 小児における身体的診察：HEENTthe pediatric physical examination heent [show details]
…form within the crypts and are called tonsilloliths. Tonsilloliths may have a foul smell and can contribute to bad breath. Tonsillar asymmetry or unilateral tonsillar enlargement may be caused by infection …
3. 吸収不良を疑う成人患者へのアプローチapproach to the adult patient with suspected malabsorption [show details]
… excreted in the breath. The accuracy of the breath tests in bacterial overgrowth are limited, nevertheless, most clinicians perform a carbohydrate breath test to diagnose SIBO… foul-smelling stools and unintentional weight loss despite adequate food intake.…
4. Selective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic twin pregnanciesselective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic twin pregnancies [show details]
…in type 3 sIUGR, discussed below), evaluation at the placental cord insertion is prudent. Maternal breath holding may be required to exclude interference during measurement of the waveform . The pattern…
5. E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI)e cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury evali [show details]
…similar pattern of symptoms is reported in other series . Respiratory symptoms included shortness of breath (87 percent), cough (83 percent), chest pain (55 percent), pleuritic chest pain (38 percent), and…

English Journal

Bad breath and painful swallowing in a boy.

Yüksel S, Zorlu DG, Özhan B.
Archives of disease in childhood. Education and practice edition. 2019 Dec;104(6)304-305.
PMID 30065016

Laryngoscopic techniques modulate anaesthesiologists' perception of halitosis in patients: A randomised controlled trial.

Chen C, Hei Z, Xing J, Zhu Q, Qiu R, Liu J, Gong C, Cheng N, Zhou S, Shen N.
European journal of anaesthesiology. 2019 Dec;36(12)918-923.
Perception of halitosis in patients during intubation is a common and additional stressor for anaesthesiologists and may lead to potential health risks. We hypothesised that intubation with videolaryngoscopy could help reduce the anaesthesiologists' perception of patients' oral malodor during intuba
PMID 31644511

Therapeutic effect of laser on pediatric oral soft tissue problems: a systematic literature review.

Khosraviani F, Ehsani S, Fathi M, Saberi-Demneh A.
Lasers in medical science. 2019 Dec;34(9)1735-1746.
In recent years, extensive evidence has been published about usage of laser in oral lesions. The aim of the present study was to review the effectiveness of laser radiation in the treatment of pediatric oral soft tissue problems. The relevant keywords were searched in EBSCO, Medline (via Ovid), PubM
PMID 31309364