同: 破裂孔

WordNet

a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure (同)hiatus
marine microorganism having a calcareous shell with openings where pseudopods protrude (同)foraminifer
a workman who laces shoes or footballs or books (during binding)

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(骨・植物などの)孔(こう),開口

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/02 03:42:57」(JST)

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The foramen lacerum (Latin for lacerated piercing) is a triangular hole in the base of the skull located between the sphenoid, apex of petrous temporal and basilar part of occipital.

Structure

The foramen lacerum is a foramen situated anteromedial to the carotid canal.^[1] ^:776

Development

The foramen lacerum fills with cartilage after birth.^[1] ^:776

Function

The internal carotid artery passes from the carotid canal in the base of the skull, emerging and coursing superior to foramen lacerum as it exits the carotid canal. The internal carotid artery does not travel through foramen lacerum. The segment of the internal carotid artery that travels above foramen lacerum is called the lacerum segment. The artery of pterygoid canal, the nerve of pterygoid canal and some venous drainage pass through the foramen lacerum.

In the foramen lacerum the greater petrosal nerve joins with the deep petrosal nerve to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal. The deep petrosal nerve carries sympathetic and the greater petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic fibres of the autonomic nervous system to blood vessels, mucous membranes, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands.
Furthermore, one of the terminal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery (itself a branch of the external carotid artery) passes through the foramen lacerum. The ascending pharyngeal artery is one of three possible "meningeal branches" of this vessel.
Some emissary veins pass through the foramen lacerum. These connect the extracranial pterygoid plexus with the intracranial cavernous sinus and present an unopposed route for infection.
This is also a route for nasopharyngeal carcinoma to gain access to the cavernous sinus and affect cranial nerves.^[2]

Clinical relevance

Additional images

Foramen lacerum

References

^ ^a ^b Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.
^ Christodouleas, Boris Hristov, Steven H. Lin, John P. (2010). Radiation oncology : a question-based review. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 138. ISBN 1608314448.

External links

Anatomy figure: 22:5b-10 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Internal view of skull."
Photo of model at Waynesburg College skeleton/foramenlacerum
cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (VII)
Tauber M, van Loveren H, Jallo G, Romano A, Keller J (1999). "The enigmatic foramen lacerum". Neurosurgery 44 (2): 386–91; discussion 391–3. doi:10.1097/00006123-199902000-00083. PMID 9932893.
Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
Image at ucsd.edu

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Transcondylar Approach for Foramen Magnum Meningiomas: Surgical Anatomy and Technical Note.

Wang WH1, Abhinav K, Wang E, Snyderman C, Gardner PA, Fernandez-Miranda JC.
Neurosurgery.Neurosurgery.2015 Nov 3. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: The endoscopic endonasal approach provides a direct route to ventral foramen magnum (FM) lesions like meningiomas, which are difficult to access. Endonasal access at the FM is limited laterally by the occipital condyles and inferiorly by the C1 anterior arch and the odontoid process, whi
PMID 26540354

A Novel Method to Locate Intracranial Anatomic Landmarks of Sella Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction Images for Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery.

Wu P1, Zeng H, Tan X, Ouyang J, Zhong S.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery.J Craniofac Surg.2015 Oct;26(7):2184-6. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000001944.
OBJECTIVE: To help surgeons to locate the intracranial anatomic landmarks when performing endoscopic endonasal tanssphenoidal surgery using measurements based on three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) reconstruction images.METHOD: High-resolution axial CT images at the thickness of 0.6 mm, and r
PMID 26468808

Endoscopic endonasal translacerum approach to the inferior petrous apex.

Taniguchi M1, Akutsu N1, Mizukawa K1, Kohta M1, Kimura H1, Kohmura E1.
Journal of neurosurgery.J Neurosurg.2015 Aug 7:1-7. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECT The surgical approach to lesions involving the inferior petrous apex (IPA) is still challenging. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the anatomical features of the IPA and to assess the applicability of an endoscopic endonasal approach through the foramen lacerum (translacerum approac
PMID 26252453

Japanese Journal

Unstable Stenosis of the Internal Carotid Artery Caused by a Craniofacial Nail-Gun Injury : Case Report

Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 49(12), 590-593, 2009-12-15
NAID 10025949466

中頭蓋底進展上顎洞癌に対する非開頭手術による頭蓋底手術成績

日本鼻科学会会誌 47(1), 16-20, 2008
NAID 130004545909

Bilateral Traumatic Abducens Nerve Palsy Associated With Skull Base Fracture : Case Report

Neurologia medico-chirurgica 47(7), 307-309, 2007-07-15
NAID 110006343730

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「破裂孔」
関連記事	「foramen」

「破裂孔」

Foramen lacerum
	Base of the skull. Upper surface. (Foramen lacerum is labeled at center left, and is visible as the large hole between yellow sphenoid, red temporal, and blue occipital)
Details
Latin	Foramen lacerum
Identifiers
Gray's	p.192
Dorlands; /Elsevier	f_12/12373219
TA	A02.1.00.055
FMA	54809
	Anatomical terminology