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a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure (同)hiatus
marine microorganism having a calcareous shell with openings where pseudopods protrude (同)foraminifer

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1. 卵円孔開存 patent foramen ovale
2. 小児における、心房中隔欠損（ASD）の分類および孤立性ASDの臨床的特徴および診断 classification of atrial septal defects asds and clinical features and diagnosis of isolated asds in children
3. 成人における心房中隔異常（PFO、ASD、およびASA）および脳塞栓症のリスク atrial septal abnormalities pfo asd and asa and risk of cerebral emboli in adults
4. 成人における心房中隔欠損症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of atrial septal defects in adults
5. 成人における脳卒中予防のための心房中隔異常（PFO、ASDおよびASA）の治療 treatment of atrial septal abnormalities pfo asd and asa for prevention of stroke in adults

Katchy KC, Alexander S, Al-Nashmi NM, Al-Ramadan A.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Al-Sabah Hospital, Safat, Kuwait ; FRCPath, FRCPC, Department of Pathology, Al-Sabah Hospital, P.O.Box 4078, 13041 Safat, Kuwait.
SpringerPlus.Springerplus.2013 Dec;2(1):58. Epub 2013 Feb 18.
The relatively high frequency of primary brain tumors (PBT) observed in childhood and adolescence in Kuwait has necessitated this epidemiological study. It is based on the records of the Department of Pathology, Al-Sabah Hospital, which examined all brain tumor biopsies done in this age group in Kuw
PMID 23519270

Focal cerebral ischemia induces the neurogenic potential of mouse Dach1-expressing cells in the dorsal part of the lateral ventricles.

Honsa P, Pivonkova H, Anderova M.SourceDepartment of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague, Czech Republic.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2013 Jun 14;240:39-53. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.02.048. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
The mouse Dach1 gene, involved in the development of the neocortex and the hippocampus, is expressed by neural stem cells (NSCs) during early neurogenesis, and its expression also continues in a subpopulation of cells in the dorsal part of the lateral ventricles (LV) of the adult mouse brain. In thi
PMID 23458709

Peripheral blood HIV DNA is associated with atrophy of cerebellar and subcortical gray matter.

Kallianpur KJ, Shikuma C, Kirk GR, Shiramizu B, Valcour V, Chow D, Souza S, Nakamoto B, Sailasuta N.SourceFrom the Department of Medicine (K.J.K., C.S., B.S., D.C., S.S., B.N.), Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior (G.R.K.), University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison; Memory and Aging Center (V.V.), University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; Straub Clinics and Hospital (B.N.), Honolulu, HI; and Huntington Medical Research Institutes (N.S.), Pasadena, CA.
Neurology.Neurology.2013 May 7;80(19):1792-9. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318291903f. Epub 2013 Apr 17.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated regional brain volumes and cerebral metabolite levels as correlates of HIV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 35 HIV+ subjects aged ≥40 years (25 with detectable PBMC HIV DNA; 10 with HIV DNA <10 copies/10(6) cells,
PMID 23596064