WordNet

a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets
in the clotting of blood thrombin catalyzes factor XIII into its active form (fibrinase) which causes fibrin to form a stable clot (同)factor_XIII
a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
remove fibrin from (blood)

PrepTutorEJDIC

(凝固血液中の)線維素,フィブリン

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/08 11:36:55」(JST)

wiki en

Micrograph showing fibrin (dark pink amorphous material) in a blocked vein surrounded by extravasated red blood cells (right of image). An artery (left of image) and the amnion (far left of image) is also seen. Placenta in a case of fetal thrombotic vasculopathy. H&E stain.

Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood. It is formed by the action of the protease thrombin on fibrinogen which causes it to polymerize. The polymerized fibrin together with platelets forms a hemostatic plug or clot over a wound site.

When the lining of a blood vessel is broken, platelets are attracted forming a platelet plug. These platelets have thrombin receptors on their surfaces that bind serum thrombin molecules^[1] which in turn convert soluble fibrinogen in the serum into fibrin at the wound site. Fibrin forms long strands of tough insoluble protein that are bound to the platelets. Factor XIII completes the cross-linking of fibrin so that it hardens and contracts. The cross-linked fibrin forms a mesh atop the platelet plug that completes the clot.

Role in disease

Excessive generation of fibrin due to activation of the coagulation cascade leads to thrombosis, the blockage of a vessel by an agglutination of red blood cells, platelets, polymerized fibrin and other components. Ineffective generation or premature lysis of fibrin increases the likelihood of a hemorrhage.

Dysfunction or disease of the liver can lead to a decrease in the production of fibrin's inactive precursor, fibrinogen, or to the production of abnormal fibrinogen molecules with reduced activity (dysfibrinogenaemia). Hereditary abnormalities of fibrinogen (the gene is carried on chromosome 4) are both quantitative and qualitative in nature and include afibrinogenaemia, hypofibrinogenaemia, dysfibrinogenaemia, and hypodysfibrinogenaemia.

Reduced, absent, or dysfunctional fibrin is likely to render patients as hemophiliacs.

Physiology

Cross-linking by thrombin and stabilization by activated factor XIII

Fibrin from different animal sources is generally glycosylated with complex type biantennary asparagine linked glycans. Variety is found in the degree of core fucosylation and in the type of sialic acid and galactose linkage.^[2]

Structure

Crystal structure of the double-d fragment from human fibrin

The image at the left is a crystal structure of the double-d fragment from human fibrin with two bound ligands. The experimental method used to obtain the image was X-ray diffraction, and it has a resolution of 2.30 Å. The structure is mainly made up of single alpha helices shown in red and beta sheets shown in yellow. The two blue structures are the bound ligands. The chemical structures of the ligands are Ca⁺² ion, alpha-D-mannose (C₆H₁₂O₆), and D-glucosamine (C₈H₁₅NO₆).

References

^ Kehrel BE (2003). "[Blood platelets: biochemistry and physiology]". Hamostaseologie (in German) 23 (4): 149–58. doi:10.1267/Hamo03040149. PMID 14603379.
^ Pabst M, Bondili JS, Stadlmann J, Mach L, Altmann F (July 2007). "Mass + retention time = structure: a strategy for the analysis of N-glycans by carbon LC-ESI-MS and its application to fibrin N-glycans". Anal. Chem. 79 (13): 5051–7. doi:10.1021/ac070363i. PMID 17539604.

External links

TGW1916.net, Defibrinated blood harvested from sheep (video)
Fibrin: Molecule of the Month, by David Goodsell, RCSB Protein Data Bank

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. フィブリノゲンの異常 disorders of fibrinogen
2. 凝固検査の臨床使用 clinical use of coagulation tests
3. 止血の概要 overview of hemostasis
4. 手術室で使用される局所止血剤および組織接着剤の概要 overview of topical hemostatic agents and tissues adhesives used in the operating room
5. 成人における確定診断を得られていない低血圧やショックの評価および初期アプローチ evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated hypotension and shock

English Journal

Differential regulation of macrophage inflammatory activation by fibrin and fibrinogen.

Hsieh JY1, Smith TD1, Meli VS1, Tran TN1, Botvinick EL1, Liu WF2.
Acta biomaterialia.Acta Biomater.2017 Jan 1;47:14-24. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.09.024. Epub 2016 Sep 20.
Fibrin is a major component of the provisional extracellular matrix formed during tissue repair following injury, and enables cell infiltration and anchoring at the wound site. Macrophages are dynamic regulators of this process, advancing and resolving inflammation in response to cues in their micro
PMID 27662809

Fibrin structural and diffusional analysis suggests that fibers are permeable to solute transport.

Leonidakis KA1, Bhattacharya P2, Patterson J3, Vos BE4, Koenderink GH4, Vermant J5, Lambrechts D6, Roeffaers M7, Van Oosterwyck H8.
Acta biomaterialia.Acta Biomater.2017 Jan 1;47:25-39. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.09.044. Epub 2016 Oct 4.
Fibrin hydrogels are promising carrier materials in tissue engineering. They are biocompatible and easy to prepare, they can bind growth factors and they can be prepared from a patient's own blood. While fibrin structure and mechanics have been extensively studied, not much is known about the relati
PMID 27717911

Click chemistry improved wet adhesion strength of mussel-inspired citrate-based antimicrobial bioadhesives.

Guo J1, Kim GB1, Shan D1, Kim JP1, Hu J2, Wang W3, Hamad FG4, Qian G3, Rizk EB5, Yang J6.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2017 Jan;112:275-286. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.010. Epub 2016 Oct 12.
For the first time, a convenient copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC, click chemistry) was successfully introduced into injectable citrate-based mussel-inspired bioadhesives (iCMBAs, iCs) to improve both cohesive and wet adhesive strengths and elongate the degradation time, providing
PMID 27770631

Computational model of mesenchymal migration in 3D under chemotaxis.

Ribeiro FO1,2, Gómez-Benito MJ2, Folgado J1, Fernandes PR1, García-Aznar JM2.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2017 Jan;20(1):59-74. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
Cell chemotaxis is an important characteristic of cellular migration, which takes part in crucial aspects of life and development. In this work, we propose a novel in silico model of mesenchymal 3D migration with competing protrusions under a chemotactic gradient. Based on recent experimental observ
PMID 27336322