関: window

WordNet

the time period that is considered best for starting or finishing something; "the expanded window will give us time to catch the thieves"; "they had a window of less than an hour when an attack would have succeeded"
(computer science) a rectangular part of a computer screen that contains a display different from the rest of the screen
a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air
a transparent opening in a vehicle that allow vision out of the sides or back; usually is capable of being opened
a transparent panel (as of an envelope) inserted in an otherwise opaque material
an opening in a wall or screen that admits light and air and through which customers can be served; "he stuck his head in the window"
an opening that resembles a window in appearance or function; "he could see them through a window in the trees"
a small opening covered with membrane (especially one in the bone between the middle and inner ear)

PrepTutorEJDIC

『窓』;(銀行などの)窓口;(店の)飾り窓 / 『窓ガラス』(windowpane) / 窓状の物;(封筒のあて名を見えるようにした)窓

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/20 09:42:20」(JST)

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1. Chapter 2A：糸球体の解剖学的構造および機能 chapter 2a glomerular anatomy and function
2. 無気肺：成人における種類および病因 atelectasis types and pathogenesis in adults
3. 小児におけるネフローゼ症候群の病因、臨床症状、および診断 etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome in children
4. ビリルビン代謝 bilirubin metabolism
5. 黄疸または無症候性高ビリルビン血症の分類および原因 classification and causes of jaundice or asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia

English Journal

Glomerular endothelium: A porous sieve and formidable barrier.

Obeidat M, Obeidat M, Ballermann BJ.AbstractThe glomerular capillary endothelium is highly specialized to support the selective filtration of massive volumes of plasma. Filtration is driven by Starling forces acting across the glomerular capillary wall, and depends on its large surface area and extremely high water permeability. Glomerular endothelial cells are extremely flat and perforated by dense arrays of trans-cellular pores, the fenestrae. This phenotype is critical for the high glomerular water permeability and depends on podocyte-derived VEGF, as well as TGF-beta. Endothelial cell-derived PDGFB, in turn, is necessary for the establishment of mesangial cells, which sculpt the glomerular loop structure that underlies the large filtration surface area. In pre-eclampsia, inhibition of the VEGF- and TGF-beta signaling pathways leads to endothelial swelling and loss of fenestrae, reducing the glomerular filtration rate. Similarly, in the thrombotic microangiopathies, glomerular endothelial cell injury coupled with inappropriate VWF activation leads to intracapillary platelet aggregation and loss of the flat, fenestrated phenotype, thus reducing the glomerular filtration rate. Normally, a remarkably small fraction of albumin and other large plasma proteins passes across the glomerular capillary wall despite the massive filtration of water and small solutes. An elaborate glycocalyx, which covers glomerular endothelial cells and their fenestrae forms an impressive barrier that, together with other components of the glomerular capillary wall, prevents loss of plasma proteins into the urine. Indeed, microalbuminuria is a marker for endothelial glycocalyx disruption, and most forms of glomerular endothelial cell injury including pre-eclampsia and thrombotic microangiopaties can cause proteinuria.
Experimental cell research.Exp Cell Res.2012 May 15;318(9):964-72. Epub 2012 Mar 21.
The glomerular capillary endothelium is highly specialized to support the selective filtration of massive volumes of plasma. Filtration is driven by Starling forces acting across the glomerular capillary wall, and depends on its large surface area and extremely high water permeability. Glomerular en
PMID 22465480

Disruption of notch1 induces vascular remodeling, intussusceptive angiogenesis, and angiosarcomas in livers of mice.

Dill MT, Rothweiler S, Djonov V, Hlushchuk R, Tornillo L, Terracciano L, Meili-Butz S, Radtke F, Heim MH, Semela D.SourceDepartment of Biomedicine, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Gastroenterology.Gastroenterology.2012 Apr;142(4):967-977.e2. Epub 2012 Jan 12.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Notch signaling mediates embryonic vascular development and normal vascular remodeling; Notch1 knockout mice develop nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH). The pathogenesis of NRH is unclear, but has been associated with vascular injury in the liver sinusoids in clinical
PMID 22245843

Japanese Journal

バイオ人工糸球体開発における内皮細胞の透過性亢進技術の検討

MINH Vu Duc,横山トンオン,澤田佳一郎,藤村聡,澤谷朝子,巽亮子,都川貴代,比留川喬,金井厳太,宮本嘉泰,田中礼佳,鈴木大,角田隆俊,斎藤明
日本透析医学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 41(12), 851-860, 2008-12-28
… ト内皮細胞が単層を形成し，抗血栓性であるとともに高透過性能を合わせ持つバイオ人工糸球体を開発するためには，内皮細胞が糸球体内皮細胞のように大きなfenestrae径を有することが必要である．私どもは，actinフィラメントがfenestrae径に関与し，その重合化の阻害剤であるcytochalasin B（CyB）を適量投与することにより，内皮細胞の透過性を亢進させることができるかを検討した．ラット糸球体内 …
NAID 10023974513

New insights into the dynamics of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

YOKOMORI Hiroaki
Medical molecular morphology : official journal of the Japanese Society for Clinical Molecular Morphology 41(1), 1-4, 2008-03-01
NAID 10024380503

An endothelin A receptor antagonist induces dilatation of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae : implications for endothelin-1 in hepatic microcirculation

WATANABE NORIHITO,TAKASHIMIZU SHINJI,NISHIZAKI YASUHIRO,KOJIMA SEIICHIRO,KAGAWA TATEHIRO,MATSUZAKI SHOHEI
Journal of gastroenterology 42(9), 775-782, 2007-09-01
NAID 10019816848