膵外分泌部、膵外分泌

WordNet

of or relating to exocrine glands or their secretions
a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin

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外分泌腺の,外分泌液の
膵臓(すいぞう)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/27 15:31:13」(JST)

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The exocrine pancreas has ducts that are arranged in clusters called acini (singular acinus). Pancreatic secretions are secreted into the lumen of the acinus, and then accumulate in intralobular ducts that drain to the main pancreatic duct, which drains directly into the duodenum.

Control of the exocrine function of the pancreas is via the hormones gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin, which are hormones secreted by cells in the stomach and duodenum, in response to distension and/or food and which cause secretion of pancreatic juices.

There are two main classes of exocrine pancreatic secretions:

Secretion	Cell producing it	Primary signal
bicarbonate ions	Centroacinar cells	Secretin
digestive enzymes	Basophilic cells	CCK

Pancreatic secretions from ductal cells contain bicarbonate ions and are alkaline in order to neutralize the acidic chyme that the stomach churns out.

The pancreas is also the main source of enzymes for digesting fats (lipids) and proteins. (The enzymes that digest polysaccharides, by contrast, are primarily produced by the walls of the intestines.)

The cells are filled with secretory granules containing the precursor digestive enzymes. The major proteases which the pancreas secretes are trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen. Secreted to a lesser degree are pancreatic lipase and pancreatic amylase. The pancreas also secretes phospholipase A2, lysophospholipase, and cholesterol esterase.

The precursor enzymes (termed zymogens or proenzymes) are inactive variants of the enzymes; thus autodegradation, which can lead to pancreatitis, is avoided. Once released in the intestine, the enzyme enteropeptidase (formerly, and incorrectly, called enterokinase) present in the intestinal mucosa activates trypsinogen by cleaving it to form trypsin. The free trypsin then cleaves the rest of the trypsinogen, as well as chymotrypsinogen to its active form chymotrypsin.

External links[edit]

BU Histology Learning System: 10404loa
Histology at anhb.uwa.edu.au
Histology at pathguy.com
Histology at ucsf.edu
Diagram at gastroresource.com

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Pancreatic hyperplasia after gastric bypass surgery in a GK rat model of non-obese type 2 diabetes.

Zhou X1, Qian B2, Ji N2, Lui C1, Liu Z1, Li B1, Zhou H3, Yan C4.
The Journal of endocrinology.J Endocrinol.2016 Jan;228(1):13-23. doi: 10.1530/JOE-14-0701. Epub 2015 Oct 14.
Gastric bypass surgery produces clear antidiabetic effects in a substantial proportion of morbidly obese patients. In view of the recent trend away from 'bariatric' surgery and toward 'metabolic' surgery, it is important to elucidate the enhancing effect of bypass surgery on pancreatic β-cell mass,
PMID 26468390

Perioperative Blood Transfusion and the Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Mavros MN1,2,3, Xu L2,4,5, Maqsood H2, Gani F2, Ejaz A6, Spolverato G2, Al-Refaie WB7, Frank SM8, Pawlik TM9.
Annals of surgical oncology.Ann Surg Oncol.2015 Dec;22(13):4382-91. doi: 10.1245/s10434-015-4823-6. Epub 2015 Aug 21.
BACKGROUND: Perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) is common in pancreatic surgery. Recent studies have suggested that PBT may be associated with worse long-term outcomes.METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing long-term clinical outcomes of cancer patients undergoing cura
PMID 26293837

Microarray analysis of pancreatic gene expression during biotin repletion in biotin-deficient rats.

Dakshinamurti K1,2, Bagchi RA2,2, Abrenica B2,2, Czubryt MP2,2.
Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.Can J Physiol Pharmacol.2015 Dec;93(12):1103-10. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0517. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
Biotin is a B vitamin involved in multiple metabolic pathways. In humans, biotin deficiency is relatively rare but can cause dermatitis, alopecia, and perosis. Low biotin levels occur in individuals with type-2 diabetes, and supplementation with biotin plus chromium may improve blood sugar control.
PMID 26312779