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resembling a horse
hoofed mammals having slender legs and a flat coat with a narrow mane along the back of the neck (同)equid
of or belonging to the family Equidae

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/24 14:40:38」(JST)

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Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a virus of the family Herpesviridae that causes abortion, respiratory disease and occasionally neonatal mortality in horses. Initial spread of EHV-1 by a newly introduced horse through direct and indirect contact can lead to abortion and perinatal infection in up to 70 percent of a previously unexposed herd.^[1] Abortion usually occurs in the last four months of gestation, two to four weeks after infection of the mare.^[2] Perinatal (around the time of birth) infection can lead to pneumonia and death. Encephalitis can occur in affected animals, leading to ataxia, paralysis, and death. There is a vaccine available (ATCvet code QI05AA11), however its efficacy is questionable.

The virus cross-reacts with Equine herpesvirus 4 in many serological laboratory tests. Commercial diagnostic tests are available to distinguish the two viruses using monoclontal antibody based reagents. The virus is easily isolated in cell culture and can be readily detected during acute infection using molecular diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Recent molecular epidemiology studies have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) which varies between EHV-1 field isolates and shows a highly statistically significant correlation with paralytic compared with non-paralytic disease outbreaks.^[3] The SNP corresponds to a single amino acid change in the DNA polymerase enzyme, which is an essential enzyme for replication of viral DNA. This is a significant finding, suggesting that a point mutation in a single virus gene has a major impact upon likely disease severity during an outbreak.

In 2006, an outbreak of EHV-1 among stables in Florida resulted in the institution of various quarantine measures.^[4] The outbreak was determined to have originated with several horses imported from Europe via New York, and then shipped to Florida.^[5]

Equine Herpes Virus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM)[edit]

Equine Herpes Virus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is the neurotropic form of EVH-1, most often attributed to mutant or neuropathogenic strains of EVH-1. There is currently no licensed vaccine against EHM and no treatment other than palliative care.^[6]

The disease is highly contagious, and can spread through the air as well as through objects that have been in contact with infected horses.^[7]

The disease rose to worldwide public prominence in early 2011, due to an outbreak centered on the National Cutting Horse Association (NCHA) Western National Championships held in Ogden, Utah from April 29 to May 8, 2011. The outbreak lasted approximately two months, generating 90 confirmed cases of the disease, spread over 10 American states, and resulting in the deaths of 13 horses before it was declared contained by the US Department of Agriculture.^[8]

References[edit]

^ Fenner, Frank J.; Gibbs, E. Paul J.; Murphy, Frederick A.; Rott, Rudolph; Studdert, Michael J.; White, David O. (1993). Veterinary Virology (2nd ed.). Academic Press, Inc. ISBN 0-12-253056-X.
^ Carter, G.R.; Flores, E.F.; Wise, D.J. (2006). "Herpesviridae". A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved 2006-06-08.
^ Nugent J, Birch-Machin I, Smith K, Mumford J, Swann Z, Newton J, Bowden R, Allen G & Davis-Poynter N. "Analysis of Equid Herpesvirus 1 Strain Variation Reveals a Point Mutation of the DNA Polymerase Strongly Associated with Neuropathogenic versus Nonneuropathogenic Disease Outbreaks". Journal of Virology. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
^ "Equine Herpes Virus type1 Status Report – Florida". Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Archived from the original on 2007-01-06. Retrieved 2007-01-05.
^ "Florida Department Of Agriculture And Consumer Services Continues Investigation Into Horse Virus Outbreak". Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Retrieved 2010-12-27.
^ "Equine Herpesvirus (EHV) Myeloencephalopathy". United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
^ "USDA - APHIS - Animal Health Surveillance & Monitoring - Equine Herpes Virus". United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
^ "Equine Herpesvirus (EHV-1) - Final Situation Report June 23, 2011". United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Retrieved August 16, 2011.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Production of equine herpesvirus 1 recombinant glycoprotein D and development of an agar gel immunodiffusion test for serological diagnosis.

Fuentealba N1, Sguazza G2, Scrochi M3, Bravi M4, Zanuzzi C5, Corva S6, Gimeno E7, Pecoraro M8, Galosi C9.
Journal of virological methods.J Virol Methods.2014 Jun 15;202:15-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.02.025. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
Equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and 4) infect most of the world's horses, causing serious clinical illness. Viral glycoproteins have been identified as the immunodominant antigens that generate the antiviral serological responses to EHV-1 and EHV-4 in infected horses. Here, glycoprotein D of EHV-1
PMID 24631347

Innate immune responses of airway epithelial cells to infection with equine herpesvirus-1.

Soboll Hussey G1, Ashton LV2, Quintana AM2, Lunn DP3, Goehring LS4, Annis K2, Landolt G2.
Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2014 May 14;170(1-2):28-38. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.018. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is the cause of respiratory disease, abortion and myelitis in horses worldwide. Protection following infection or vaccination is typically incomplete and this lack of protective immunity is thought to be due to the immunomodulatory properties of EHV-1. EHV-1 immune modul
PMID 24560592

Development of a single-tube duplex EvaGreen real-time PCR for the detection and identification of EHV-1 and EHV-4.

Hu Z1, Zhu C, Chang H, Guo W, Liu D, Xiang W, Wang X.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.2014 May;98(9):4179-86. doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-5626-6. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
The objective of this study was to develop a novel EvaGreen (EG) based real-time PCR technique for the simultaneous detection of Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and Equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) genomes from equine nasal swabs. Viral genomes were identified based on their specific melting temperatures (
PMID 24615388

Japanese Journal

Prevalence of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Strains of Neuropathogenic Genotype in a Major Breeding Area of Japan

TSUJIMURA Koji,OYAMA Takeshi,KATAYAMA Yoshinari,MURANAKA Masanori,BANNAI Hiroshi,NEMOTO Manabu,YAMANAKA Takashi,KONDO Takashi,KATO Masakatsu,MATSUMURA Tomio
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 1108020591, 2011
… A single non-synonymous nucleotide substitution of guanine (G) for adenine (A) at position 2254 in the viral DNA polymerase gene (encoded by open reading frame [ORF] 30) of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) has been significantly associated with neuropathogenic potential in strains of this virus. …
NAID 130001032787

Direct Detection of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 DNA in Nasal Swabs by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)

NEMOTO Manabu,OHTA Minoru,TSUJIMURA Koji,BANNAI Hiroshi,YAMANAKA Takashi,KONDO Takashi,MATSUMURA Tomio
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 1104270505, 2011
… We evaluated loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as a means of detecting equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) DNA directly from nasal swabs. …
NAID 130000677188

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リンク元	「EHV-1」「equid herpesvirus 1」「ウマヘルペスウイルス1型」
関連記事	「equi」「equine」「herpesvirus」「herpesviruses」「equine herpesvirus」

「EHV-1」

Equine herpesvirus 1
Virus classification
Group:	Group I (dsDNA)
Order:	Herpesvirales
Family:	Herpesviridae
Subfamily:	Alphaherpesvirinae
Genus:	Varicellovirus
Species:	Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1)