redirect エンテロトキシン
WordNet
- a cytotoxin specific for the cells of the intestinal mucosa
- a form of staphylococcal enterotoxin that has been used as an incapacitating agent in biological warfare (同)SEB
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/23 15:43:01」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Stap_Strp_tox_C |
|
identification of a secondary zinc-binding site in staphylococcal enterotoxin c2: implications for superantigen recognition
|
| Identifiers |
| Symbol |
Stap_Strp_tox_C |
| Pfam |
PF02876 |
| Pfam clan |
CL0386 |
| InterPro |
IPR006123 |
| PROSITE |
PDOC00250 |
| SCOP |
1se3 |
| SUPERFAMILY |
1se3 |
| OPM superfamily |
429 |
| OPM protein |
1dyq |
| Available protein structures: |
| Pfam |
structures |
| PDB |
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj |
| PDBsum |
structure summary |
|
An enterotoxin is a protein exotoxin released by a microorganism that targets the intestines. Its target site is indicated within its name.[1] [clarification needed]
Enterotoxins are chromosomally encoded exotoxins that are produced and secreted from several bacterial organisms. They are often heat-stable, and are of low molecular weight and water-soluble. Enterotoxins are frequently cytotoxic and kill cells by altering the apical membrane permeability of the mucosal (epithelial) cells of the intestinal wall. They are mostly pore-forming toxins (mostly chloride pores), secreted by bacteria, that assemble to form pores in cell membranes. This causes the cells to die.
Contents
- 1 Clinical significance
- 2 Classification and 3D structures of enterotoxins
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Clinical significance
Enterotoxins have a particularly marked effect upon the gastrointestinal tract, causing vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The action of enterotoxins leads to increased chloride ion permeability of the apical membrane of intestinal mucosal cells. These membrane pores are activated either by increased cAMP or by increased calcium ion concentration intracellularly. The pore formation has a direct effect on the osmolarity of the luminal contents of the intestines. Increased chloride permeability leads to leakage into the lumen followed by sodium and water movement. This leads to a secretory diarrhea within a few hours of ingesting enterotoxin. Several microbial organisms contain the necessary enterotoxin to create such an effect, such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli.
Classification and 3D structures of enterotoxins
Bacterial
Staphylococcal enterotoxins and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins constitute a family of biologically and structurally related toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.[2][3] These toxins share the ability to bind to the major histocompatibility complex proteins of their hosts. A more distant relative of the family is the S. aureus toxic shock syndrome toxin, which shares only a low level of sequence similarity with this group.
All of these toxins share a similar two-domain fold (N and C-terminal domains) with a long alpha-helix in the middle of the molecule, a characteristic beta-barrel known as the "oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide fold" at the N-terminal domain and a beta-grasp motif at the C-terminal domain. Examples include enterotoxin type B. Each superantigen possesses slightly different binding mode(s) when it interacts with MHC class II molecules or the T-cell receptor.[4]
The beta-grasp domain has some structural similarities to the beta-grasp motif present in immunoglobulin-binding domains, ubiquitin, 2Fe-2 S ferredoxin and translation initiation factor 3 as identified by the SCOP database.
- Clostridium difficile
- Clostridium perfringens (Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin)[5]
- Vibrio cholerae (Cholera toxin)[6]
- Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B)[7]
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Shigella dysenteriae (Shiga toxin)[6]
Viral
See also
References
- ^ "enterotoxin" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Iandolo JJ (1989). "Genetic analysis of extracellular toxins of Staphylococcus aureus". Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 43: 375–402. doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.43.100189.002111. PMID 2679358.
- ^ Marrack P, Kappler J (May 1990). "The staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives". Science 248 (4956): 705–11. doi:10.1126/science.2185544. PMID 2185544.
- ^ Papageorgiou AC, Tranter HS, Acharya KR (March 1998). "Crystal structure of microbial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B at 1.5 A resolution: implications for superantigen recognition by MHC class II molecules and T-cell receptors". J. Mol. Biol. 277 (1): 61–79. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1577. PMID 9514739.
- ^ Katahira J, Sugiyama H, Inoue N, Horiguchi Y, Matsuda M, Sugimoto N (October 1997). "Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin utilizes two structurally related membrane proteins as functional receptors in vivo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (42): 26652–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.42.26652. PMID 9334247.
- ^ a b Enterotoxins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- ^ "eMedicine - CBRNE - Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B : Article by Danielle M Pesce". Retrieved 2008-11-08.
External links
- Alfonse T. Masi, Rafael A. Timothee, Rolando Armijo, Darwin Alonso, and Luis E. Mainardi (Mar 1959). "Two poisoning outbreaks in Puerto Rico from salt preserved codfish". Public Health Rep 74 (3): 265–270. doi:10.2307/4590423. PMC 1929208.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR006123
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Development of a reference material for Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A in cheese: Feasibility study, processing, homogeneity and stability assessment.
- Zeleny R1, Emteborg H2, Charoud-Got J2, Schimmel H2, Nia Y3, Mutel I3, Ostyn A3, Herbin S3, Hennekinne JA3.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Feb 1;168:241-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.066. Epub 2014 Jul 18.
- Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by enterotoxins excreted into foods by strains of staphylococci. Commission Regulation 1441/2007 specifies thresholds for the presence of these toxins in foods. In this article we report on the progress towards reference materials (RMs) for Staphylococcal ente
- PMID 25172706
- Selection and characterization of DNA aptamers against Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin C1.
- Huang Y1, Chen X1, Duan N1, Wu S1, Wang Z2, Wei X3, Wang Y3.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Jan 1;166:623-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.039. Epub 2014 Jun 21.
- Enterotoxins from pathogenic bacteria are known as the main reason that can cause the bacterial foodborne diseases. In this study, aptamers that bound to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin C1 (SEC1) with high affinity and selectivity were generated in vitro by twelve rounds of selection based on magn
- PMID 25053102
- Expression and production of staphylococcal enterotoxin C is substantially reduced in milk.
- Valihrach L1, Alibayov B2, Zdenkova K1, Demnerova K1.
- Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2014 Dec;44:54-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.05.020. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
- Staphylococcal food poisoning is a global problem. The gene encoding enterotoxin C (sec) has been reported several times as the most frequent enterotoxin gene identified in food poisoning cases caused by contaminated milk. In this study, the expression of sec was examined during the growth of Staphy
- PMID 25084645
Japanese Journal
- ブドウ球菌エンテロトキシンに関する最新の知見 : 特に分子多様性と生物学的多機能性について
- Detection of the staphylococcal enterotoxin D-like gene from staphylococcal food poisoning isolates over the last two decades in Tokyo
- SUZUKI Yasunori,KOBAYASHI Makiko,MATSUSHITA Shigeru,UEHARA Satomi,KATO Rei,SATO'O Yusuke,ONO Hisaya K.,SADAMASU Kenji,KAI Akemi,KAMATA Yoichi
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(8), 905-911, 2015
- The plasmid is a very well-known mobile genetic element that participates in the acquisition of virulence genes, such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), via horizontal transfer. SEs are emetic toxi …
- NAID 130005094680
- Protectivity conferred by immunization with intranasal recombinant outer membrane protein H from Pasteurella multocida serovar A:1 in chickens
- THANASARASAKULPONG Arunee,POOLPERM Pichayanut,TANKAEW Pallop,SAWADA Takuo,STHITMATEE Nattawooti
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(3), 321-326, 2015
- … The rOmpH was purified and formulated with either Escherichia coli enterotoxin B (LTB) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as an adjuvant. …
- NAID 130005060982
Related Links
- enterotoxin /en·tero·tox·in/ (en´ter-o-tok″sin) 1. a toxin specific for the cells of the intestinal mucosa. 2. a toxin arising in the intestine. 3. an exotoxin that is protein in nature and relatively heat-stable, produced by staphylococci. en·ter ...
- en·tero·tox·in noun \ ˌ en-tə-rō-ˈ täk-sən\ Definition of ENTEROTOXIN: a toxin that is produced by microorganisms (as some staphylococci) and causes gastrointestinal symptoms (as in some forms of food poisoning or cholera) First ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- enterotoxin
- 同
- 腸管毒 腸管毒素、下痢原性毒素
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- 英
- enterotoxin
- 関
- エンテロトキシン、細菌毒素
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ブドウ球菌エンテロトキシン
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耐熱性エンテロトキシン
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- 同
- Staphylococcal enterotoxins, SE