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1. 外陰部異常を有する幼児のマネージメント management of the infant with ambiguous genitalia
2. 外陰部異常を有する幼児の評価 evaluation of the infant with ambiguous genitalia
3. アンドロゲン受容体障害の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the androgen receptor
4. 男性における原発性性腺機能低下の原因 causes of primary hypogonadism in males
5. ターナー症候群（性腺発育不全）の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of turner syndrome gonadal dysgenesis

The coexistence of peripheral nerve sheath tumors and vitiligo: more than coincidence?

Elsherif MA1, Spinner RJ2, Miest RY3.
Acta neurochirurgica.Acta Neurochir (Wien).2015 Nov 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Neurocristopathies arise from abnormal migration, differentiation, or proliferation of neural crest derivatives, leading to diverse clinical and pathological features. They are classified into dysgenetic or neoplastic, and can affect single or multiple sites (simple versus complex). Examples include
PMID 26607956

Ex vivo culture of human fetal gonads: manipulation of meiosis signalling by retinoic acid treatment disrupts testis development.

Jørgensen A1, Nielsen JE2, Perlman S3, Lundvall L3, Mitchell RT4, Juul A2, Rajpert-De Meyts E2.
Human reproduction (Oxford, England).Hum Reprod.2015 Oct;30(10):2351-63. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev194. Epub 2015 Aug 6.
STUDY QUESTION: What are the effects of experimentally manipulating meiosis signalling by addition of retinoic acid (RA) in cultured human fetal gonads SUMMARY ANSWER: RA-treatment accelerated meiotic entry in cultured fetal ovary samples, while addition of RA resulted in a dysgenetic gonadal phenot
PMID 26251460

A Case of Obstructed Hemivagina with Ectopic Ureter Leading to Severe Hydrocolpos and Contralateral Renal Outflow Tract Obstruction in a Neonate.

Mansouri R1, Sander JC2, Janzen NK2, Dietrich JE3.
Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology.J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol.2015 Oct;28(5):e131-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2014.10.008. Epub 2014 Oct 23.
BACKGROUND: Renal and Müllerian anomalies are frequently associated. Young age at presentation can present challenges in diagnosis and management. We report a case with an unusual presentation and management of this association in the neonatal period.CASE: A 2-day-old girl had hydronephrosis with a
PMID 26049936