WordNet

dwarf herbaceous elder of Europe having pink flowers and a nauseous odor (同)danewort, Sambucus ebulus
used of the older of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a father from his son; "Bill Adams, Sr." (同)older, sr.
any of numerous shrubs or small trees of temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere having white flowers and berrylike fruit (同)elderberry bush
a person who is older than you are (同)senior
any of various church officers
check the growth of; "the lack of sunlight dwarfed these pines"
a plant or animal that is atypically small
a person who is markedly small (同)midget, nanus

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《おもに英》『年上の』,年長の / 上位の,上級の / 『年長者』,先輩 / 《通例the~》(部族・社会の)長老,元老 / (長老教会の)長老
ニワトコ(白い花と赤・黒の実をつける低木)
(童話の)『こびと』,一寸法師 / (人間の)こびと / 普通よりずっと小さい動物(植物) / (対照的に)…‘を'小さく見せる / 〈植物など〉‘の'自然な成長を妨げる / (並みはずれて)小さい[種類の]

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/07 17:35:03」(JST)

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Dwarf elder berries

Sambucus ebulus, also known as danewort, dane weed, danesblood, dwarf elder or European dwarf elder, walewort,^[2] elderwort and blood hilder is a herbaceous species of elder, native to southern and central Europe and southwest Asia. The species is also reportedly naturalized in parts of North America (New York, New Jersey and Québec).^[3]

Description

S.ebulus grows to a height of 1–2 m and has erect, usually unbranched stems growing in large groups from an extensive perennial underground stem rhizome. The leaves are opposite, pinnate, 15–30 cm long, with 5-9 leaflets with a foetid smell. The stems terminate in a corymb 10–15 cm diameter with numerous white (occasionally pink) flat-topped hermaphrodite flowers. The fruit is a small glossy black berry 5–6 mm diameter. The ripe fruit give out a purple juice.^[2] ^[4]

The name danewort comes from the belief that it only grows on the sites of battles that involved the Danes.^[2] The term 'walewort' or 'walwort' meant 'foreigner plant.' The plant's stems and leaves turn red in autumn and this may explain the link with blood. The word Dane may link to an old term for diarrhoea.^[2]

Uses

Sambucus ebulus fruits have been used in the traditional Austrian medicine for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract and fever.^[5]

References

^ The Plant List
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Westwood, Jennifer (1985). Albion. A Guide to Legendary Britain. London : Grafton Books. ISBN 0-246-11789-3. p. 103
^ BONAP (Biota of North America Project) floristic synthesis, Sambucus ebulus
^ Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 04656 4^{[page needed]}
^ Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J et al. (October 2013). "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine—An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 149 (3): 750–71. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007. PMC 3791396. PMID 23770053.

External links

Grieve, 'A Modern Herbal' (1931)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 高齢者の虐待：虐待、放置、および経済的搾取 elder mistreatment abuse neglect and financial exploitation
2. 致死的骨格形成異常の出生前診断 prenatal diagnosis of the lethal skeletal dysplasias
3. 高齢者の外傷：初期評価およびマネージメント geriatric trauma initial evaluation and management
4. 内反膝の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with bow legs
5. 児童虐待の整形外科的症状の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of the orthopedic manifestations of child abuse

English Journal

Toxicity of the Anti-ribosomal Lectin Ebulin f in Lungs and Intestines in Elderly Mice.

Garrosa M1, Jiménez P2,3, Tejero J4,5, Cabrero P6, Cordoba-Diaz D7, Quinto EJ8,9, Gayoso MJ1, Girbés T10,11.
Toxins.Toxins (Basel).2015 Feb 2;7(2):367-79. doi: 10.3390/toxins7020367.
All parts of dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.) studied so far contain a ribosome-inactivating protein with lectin activity (ribosome-inactivating lectin; RIL), known as ebulin. Green fruits contain ebulin f, the toxicity of which has been studied in six-week-old mice, where it was found that the inte
PMID 25648843

Elderberries: A Source of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins with Lectin Activity.

Tejero J1, Jiménez P2, Quinto EJ3, Cordoba-Diaz D4, Garrosa M5, Cordoba-Diaz M6, Gayoso MJ5, Girbés T7.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland).Molecules.2015 Jan 30;20(2):2364-2387.
Sambucus (Adoxaceae) species have been used for both food and medicine purposes. Among these, Sambucus nigra L. (black elder), Sambucus ebulus L. (dwarf elder), and Sambucus sieboldiana L. are the most relevant species studied. Their use has been somewhat restricted due to the presence of bioactive
PMID 25647575

Effects of short-term heating on total polyphenols, anthocyanins, antioxidant activity and lectins of different parts of dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.).

Jimenez P1, Cabrero P, Basterrechea JE, Tejero J, Cordoba-Diaz D, Cordoba-Diaz M, Girbes T.
Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands).Plant Foods Hum Nutr.2014 Jun;69(2):168-74. doi: 10.1007/s11130-014-0417-x.
Dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.) berries are rich in health-promoting phytochemicals such as polyphenols and anthocyanins, and display a significant antioxidant activity. They are also rich in two lectins (ebulin f and SELfd) that share amino acid sequence homology with the elderberry allergen Sam n
PMID 24793353

Japanese Journal

Characterization of a new non-toxic two-chain ribosome-inactivating protein and a structurally-related lectin form rhizomes of dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.)

CITORES L.
Cell Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand) 43, 485-499, 1997
NAID 80009741577

「dwarf」

European dwarf elder
	Danewort inflorescence
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Dipsacales
Family:	Adoxaceae
Genus:	Sambucus
Species:	S. ebulus
Binomial name
	Sambucus ebulus; L.
Synonyms
	Ebulum humile (Mill.) Garcke; Sambucus herbacea Gilib.; Sambucus humilis Mill.;