WordNet

persistently ask for overdue payment; "The grocer dunned his customers every day by telephone"
make a dun color
a color or pigment varying around a light grey-brown color; "she wore dun" (同)greyish brown, grayish brown, fawn
horse of a dull brownish grey color
cure by salting; "dun codfish"
of a dull greyish brown to brownish grey color; "the dun and dreary prairie"
a dark cell (usually underground) where prisoners can be confined
an error correction code that is recorded in each sector of a magnetic disk and used to catch errors in the data

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈人〉‘に'うるさく借金の催促をする / やかましい借=の催促 / 借金取り
〈U〉ねずみ茶色(灰色がかったくすんだ茶色) / 〈C〉焦げ茶色の馬 / ねずみ茶色の
(中世の城内にあった)土牢(ろう),地下牢
(おもに人称代名詞・固有名詞(人名),thereの後で)had, wouldの短縮形 / (疑問文でwhere,what,whenの後で)didの短縮形;Where'd he go?=Where did he go?

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/20 17:27:47」(JST)

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For other uses, see Dun (disambiguation).

Ruined dun in Loch Steinacleit on the Isle of Lewis

Dun is a generic term for an ancient or medieval fort. It is mainly used in the British Isles to describe a kind of hill fort and also a kind of Atlantic roundhouse. The term comes from Irish dún or Scottish Gaelic dùn (meaning "fort"), and is cognate with Old Welsh din, from whence comes Welsh dinas (meaning "city").

In some areas duns were built on any suitable crag or hillock, particularly south of the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth. There are many duns on the west coast of Ireland and they feature in Irish mythology. For example, the tale of the Táin Bó Flidhais features Dún Chiortáin and Dún Chaocháin.

Duns seem to have arrived with Celtic cultures in about the 7th century BC. Early duns had near vertical ramparts made of stone and timber. Vitrified forts are the remains of duns that have been set on fire and where stones have been partly melted. Use of duns continued in some parts into the Middle Ages.

Duns are similar to brochs, but are smaller and probably would not have been capable of supporting a very tall structure. Good examples of this kind of dun can be found in the Western Isles of Scotland, on artificial islands in small lakes.

Toponymy

The word in its original sense appears in many place names, and can include fortifications of all sizes and kinds, for example, Din Eidyn, in Gaelic Dùn Èideann which the Angles renamed Edinburgh, Dún na nGall in Ireland (Irish Gaelic: "fort of foreigners") renamed Donegal by English planters during the Plantation of Ulster, and the Broch Dun Telve in Glenelg.

Dundee, Dunfermline, Dunbarton
Donegal
Dunedin
Duns
Singidun
London

The Proto-Celtic form is *Dūno-,^[1] yielding Gaulish δου̃νον.^[2] It is ultimately cognate to English town.^[3] The Gaulish term survives in many toponyms in France and Switzerland:

Lyon < Lugudūnon.
Nevers < Nouiodūnon
Olten < Ol(l)odūnon
Thun < Dūnon
Verdun < Uerodūnon
Yverdon < Eburodūnon

References

^ Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, ISBN 2-87772-237-6
^ Ptolemy
^ Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, ISBN 0-19-861112-9

Scotland Before History - Stuart Piggott, Edinburgh University Press 1982, ISBN 0-85224-348-0
Scotland's Hidden History - Ian Armit, Tempus (in association with Historic Scotland) 1998, ISBN 0-7486-6067-4

UpToDate Contents

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1. 低効率性の持続または長期連日透析 sustained low efficiency or extended daily dialysis

English Journal

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-aryl-rhodanine benzoic acids as anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 inhibitors.

Fu H1, Hou X1, Wang L1, Dun Y1, Yang X1, Fang H2.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2015 Nov 15;25(22):5265-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.051. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
A new class of 3-aryl-rhodanine benzoic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibition activities against anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. The potent compounds 33 and 41 bound to Bcl-2 with submicromolar Ki values and had selectivities to Bcl-2/Mcl-1 over Bcl-xL. In ad
PMID 26421995

Bigger Is Better: Increasing Cortical Auditory Response Amplitude Via Stimulus Spectral Complexity.

Bardy F1, Van Dun B, Dillon H.
Ear and hearing.Ear Hear.2015 Nov-Dec;36(6):677-87. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000183.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of auditory stimuli spectral characteristics on cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs).DESIGN: CAEPs were obtained from 15 normal-hearing adults in response to six multitone (MT), four pure-tone (PT), and two narrowband noise stimuli. The sounds were presen
PMID 26039014

Detection of 40 bp insertion-deletion (INDEL) in mitochondrial control region among sambar (Rusa unicolor) populations in India.

Gupta SK1, Kumar A2, Gaur A3, Hussain SA4.
BMC research notes.BMC Res Notes.2015 Oct 19;8:581. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1573-2.
BACKGROUND: The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region is extensively used in the phylogeography of species. We examined sequence variations in the mtDNA control region of sambar (Rusa unicolor) populations from the South, Central and North India.RESULTS: Most of the samples collected from the sou
PMID 26483190

Apraxic agraphia following thalamic damage: Three new cases.

Vandenborre D1, van Dun K2, Engelborghs S3, Mariën P4.
Brain and language.Brain Lang.2015 Oct 10;150:153-165. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.05.011. [Epub ahead of print]
Apraxic agraphia (AA) is a so-called peripheral writing disorder following disruption of the skilled movement plans of writing while the central processes that subserve spelling are intact. It has been observed in a variety of etiologically heterogeneous neurological disorders typically associated w
PMID 26460984

Japanese Journal

Enhancing pyroelectric properties of Li-doped (Ba

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(7), 071501, 2015-06-03
NAID 150000111011

411 ショットブラスト加工表面の表面性状が円筒突合せ継手の接着強度に及ぼす影響(材料加工II)

講演論文集 2015(53), "411-1"-"411-2", 2015-02-27
NAID 110009948844

409 単純重ね合せ継手の接着長さと曲げ剛性値及び円筒突合せ継手がエポキシ樹脂の接着強度に及ぼす影響(材料加工II)

講演論文集 2015(53), "409-1"-"409-2", 2015-02-27
NAID 110009948842

唐代天台宗における頓漸をめぐる論争 (東アジア仏教における対立・論争とその意義)

東アジア仏教学術論集 = Proceedings of the International Conference on East Asian Buddhism : 韓・中・日国際仏教学術大会論文集 (3), 123-149, 2015-02
NAID 40020396397

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