耐乾燥性、耐干性

WordNet

any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion
the capacity of an organism to defend itself against harmful environmental agents; "these trees are widely planted because of their resistance to salt and smog"
the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; "he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens"; "despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead" (同)opposition
(psychiatry) an unwillingness to bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness
group action in opposition to those in power
the military action of resisting the enemys advance; "the enemy offered little resistance"
the degree of unresponsiveness of a disease-causing microorganism to antibiotics or other drugs (as in penicillin-resistant bacteria)
a prolonged shortage; "when England defeated Pakistan it ended a ten-year drought" (同)drouth
a shortage of rainfall; "farmers most affected by the drought hope that there may yet be sufficient rain early in the growing season" (同)drouth

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉(…に)『抵抗』(『反抗』)『すること』;(…を)『こらえること』《+『to』(『against』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈U〉(病気などに対する)『抵抗力』《+『against』(『to』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(またresistance movement)(権力・圧制に対する)抵抗運動,レジスタンス / 〈U〉(空気の)抵抗;(電気の)抵抗
『干ばつ』,日照り続き

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/04 09:44:13」(JST)

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Sedum is a drought tolerant plant whose specific adaptations include succulence and a waxy surface on its leaves and stems.

Drought tolerance refers to the degree to which a plant is adapted to arid or drought conditions. Desiccation tolerance is an extreme degree of drought tolerance.^[1] Plants naturally adapted to dry conditions are called xerophytes.

Adaptations to dry conditions

Main article: Xerophyte

Drought tolerant plants typically make use of either C4 carbon fixation or crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to fix carbon during photosynthesis. Both are improvements over the more common but more basal C3 pathway in that they are more energy efficient. CAM is particularly good for arid conditions because carbon dioxide can be taken up at night, allowing the stomata to stay closed during the heat of day and thus reducing water loss.^[2]

Many adaptations for dry conditions are structural, including the following:

Adaptations of the stomata to reduce water loss, such as reduced numbers or waxy surfaces.
Water storage in succulent above-ground parts or water-filled tubers.
Adaptations in the root system to increase water absorption.
Trichomes (small hairs) on the leaves to absorb atmospheric water.

Importance in agriculture

Arid conditions can lower the yield of many crops. Plant breeding programs for improved yield during drought conditions have great economic importance, and these programs may be broad in scope. For example, one study on soybeans currently being conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture is scheduled to span several years, with research taking place across that country, and has among its goals the identification of specific mechanism by which soybeans resist wilting and of the specific genes for drought tolerance.^[3]

Importance in horticulture

In landscapes in arid or drought-prone regions, drought tolerance is an important consideration in plant selection. Xeriscaping is an approach to landscaping first developed in Denver, Colorado, a region with hot, dry summers. The use of drought tolerant plants is essential to a successful xeriscape, which ideally requires no supplemental irrigation.

References

^ Ars | Publication Request: Evolutionary Linkage Between Drought And Vegetative Desiccation Tolerance In Plants
^ Botany online: Photosynthesis - C3, C4 and CAM. Regulation of The Activity
^ ARS Project: Drought Stress Tolerance for the Midwest and South; Soybean Variety Improvement (Continuation) (409278)

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MicroRNAs in Rice Innate Immunity.

Baldrich P1, San Segundo B2.
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Genetically modified crops and small-scale farmers: main opportunities and challenges.

Azadi H1,2,3, Samiee A4, Mahmoudi H5,6, Jouzi Z7, Rafiaani Khachak P8, De Maeyer P1, Witlox F1.
Critical reviews in biotechnology.Crit Rev Biotechnol.2016 Jun;36(3):434-46. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2014.990413. Epub 2015 Jan 8.
Although some important features of genetically modified (GM) crops such as insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, and drought tolerance might seem to be beneficial for small-scale farmers, the adoption of GM technology by smallholders is still slight. Identifying pros and cons of using this techno
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Molecular and systems approaches towards drought-tolerant canola crops.

Zhu M1, Monroe JG2, Suhail Y3, Villiers F4, Mullen J2, Pater D5, Hauser F5, Jeon BW1, Bader JS3,6, Kwak JM4,7, Schroeder JI5, McKay JK2, Assmann SM1.
The New phytologist.New Phytol.2016 Jun;210(4):1169-89. doi: 10.1111/nph.13866. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
1169 I. 1170 II. 1170 III. 1172 IV. 1176 V. 1181 VI. 1182 1183 References 1183 SUMMARY: Modern agriculture is facing multiple challenges including the necessity for a substantial increase in production to meet the needs of a burgeoning human population. Water shortage is a deleterious consequence of
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Japanese Journal

Expression of the Arabidopsis vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase gene AVP1 in peanut to improve drought and salt tolerance

Qin Hua,Gu Qiang,Kuppu Sundaram [他]
Plant biotechnology reports 7(3), 345-355, 2013-07
NAID 40019926419

Na compound fertilizer promotes growth and enhances drought resistance of the succulent xerophyte Haloxylon ammodendron(Environment)

KANG Jianjun,DUAN Jiaojiao,WANG Suomin,ZHAO Ming,YANG Zihui
Soil science and plant nutrition 59(2), 289-299, 2013-04
… Our previous investigations showed that sodium (Na^+) has a positive effect on the growth of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum under drought conditions, which was closely related to high Na^+ accumulation in leaves. …
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IRRI's drought stress research in rice with emphasis on roots: accomplishments over the last 50 years

Henry Amelia
Plant Root 7(0), 92-106, 2013
… Early recognition of the importance of roots for drought resistance, and the diversity in rice root architecture, provided a strong foundation for drought research at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). … IRRI was founded in 1960, and large efforts for research on root growth in response to drought were ongoing by the mid-1970s, with an emphasis on deep root growth, formation of coarse nodal roots, and the root pulling force method. …
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