WordNet

a complex consisting of an organic base in association with hydrogen chloride

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/28 02:15:54」(JST)

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Doxapram hydrochloride (marketed as Dopram, Stimulex or Respiram) is a respiratory stimulant. Administered intravenously, doxapram stimulates an increase in tidal volume, and respiratory rate.

Mechanism of action

A vial of doxapram

Doxapram stimulates chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies of the carotid arteries, which in turn, stimulates the respiratory centre in the brain stem.

Appearance

Doxapram is a white to off-white, odorless, crystalline powder that is stable in light and air. It is soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in ether. Injectable products have a pH from 3.5-5. Benzyl alcohol or chlorobutanol is added as a preservative agent in the commercially available injections.

Uses

Doxapram is used in intensive care settings to stimulate the respiratory rate in patients with respiratory failure. It may be useful for treating respiratory depression in patients who have taken excessive doses of drugs such as buprenorphine which may fail to respond adequately to treatment with naloxone.^[1]

It is equally effective as pethidine in suppressing shivering after surgery.^[2]

Side effects

Side effects include high blood pressure, panic attacks, rapid heart rate, tremor, sweating and vomiting. Convulsions have been reported. Its use is relatively contraindicated in people with coronary heart disease, epilepsy, and high blood pressure. It is also contraindicated in newborns and small children, mainly due to the presence of benzyl alcohol, which is included as a preservative.

References

^ Buprenorphine Drug Data Sheet
^ Singh, P; Dimitriou, V; Mahajan, RP; Crossley, AW (1993). "Double-blind comparison between doxapram and pethidine in the treatment of postanaesthetic shivering". British journal of anaesthesia 71 (5): 685–8. doi:10.1093/bja/71.5.685. PMID 8251281.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 早産児における無呼吸のマネージメント management of apnea of prematurity
2. 術後肺合併症を減少させるための戦略 strategies to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications

English Journal

An authentic animal model of the very preterm infant on nasal continuous positive airway pressure.

Dargaville PA1, Lavizzari A, Padoin P, Black D, Zonneveld E, Perkins E, Sourial M, Rajapaksa AE, Davis PG, Hooper SB, Moss TJ, Polglase GR, Tingay DG.
Intensive care medicine experimental.Intensive Care Med Exp.2015 Dec;3(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s40635-015-0051-4. Epub 2015 Apr 29.
BACKGROUND: The surge in uptake of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory support in preterm infants has occurred in the absence of an authentic animal model. Such a model would allow investigation of research questions of physiological and therapeutic importance. We theref
PMID 26215815

Observational Study on Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) in Preterm Infants<29 Weeks - Short and Long-term Outcomes.

Teig N1, Weitkämper A1, Rothermel J1, Bigge N1, Lilienthal E1, Rossler L1, Hamelmann E1.
Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie.Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol.2015 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
Background: A recent trial has demonstrated short-term benefits of a new minimal invasive procedure of surfactant administration in spontaneously breathing preterm infants ≥26 weeks (less invasive surfactant administration, LISA). Aim: To assess safety as well as short- and long-term outcomes of t
PMID 26550923

Breathing Stimulant Compounds Inhibit TASK-3 Potassium Channel Function Likely by Binding at a Common Site in the Channel Pore.

Chokshi RH1, Larsen AT1, Bhayana B1, Cotten JF2.
Molecular pharmacology.Mol Pharmacol.2015 Nov;88(5):926-34. doi: 10.1124/mol.115.100107. Epub 2015 Aug 12.
Compounds PKTHPP (1-{1-[6-(biphenyl-4-ylcarbonyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[4,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl]piperidin-4-yl}propan-1-one), A1899 (2-[(4-methoxybenzoylamino)methyl]biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid 2,4-difluorobenzylamide), and doxapram inhibit TASK-1 (KCNK3) and TASK-3 (KCNK9) tandem pore (K2P) potas
PMID 26268529

Japanese Journal

術前夜の睡眠誘導薬によるＣＯ２ナルコーシスの１例

蘇生 14(3), 127-129, 1996
NAID 130003826709

ドプラム注射薬の配合変化試験に関する研究

病院薬学 13(4), 244-260, 1987-08-20
NAID 110001798481

ドプラム注射薬の配合変化試験に関する研究

病院薬学 13(4), 244-260, 1987
NAID 130004299018

「ドキサプラム」

Doxapram
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	1-ethyl-4- (2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)- 3,3-diphenyl-pyrrolidin-2-one
Clinical data
Legal status	Rx only
Routes	Intravenous
Identifiers
CAS number	309-29-5
ATC code	R07AB01
PubChem	CID 3156
DrugBank	DB00561
ChemSpider	3044
UNII	94F3830Q73
KEGG	D07873
ChEBI	CHEBI:681848
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1754
Chemical data
Formula	C24H30N2O2
Mol. mass	378.507 g/mol
	SMILES O=C4N(CC)CC(CCN1CCOCC1)C4(c2ccccc2)c3ccccc3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C24H30N2O2/c1-2-26-19-22(13-14-25-15-17-28-18-16-25)24(23(26)27,20-9-5-3-6-10-20)21-11-7-4-8-12-21/h3-12,22H,2,13-19H2,1H3 ; Key:XFDJYSQDBULQSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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