WordNet

a room where a doctor or dentist can be consulted; "he read the warning in the doctors surgery"
the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures; "he is professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School"
see ones performance improve; "He levelled the score and then surged ahead"
a sudden or abrupt strong increase; "stimulated a surge of speculation"; "an upsurge of emotion"; "an upsurge in violent crime" (同)upsurge
an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening); "it made a dent in my bank account"
an impression in a surface (as made by a blow) (同)ding, gouge, nick
of or relating to the teeth; "dental floss"
of or relating to dentistry; "dental student"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『外科,』外科医術 / 〈U〉手術 / 〈C〉《英》診察室;〈C〉〈U〉診察時間
波のように押し寄せる,殺到する / 〈感情が〉こみあげる《+up》 / 急増する,〈株などが〉急騰する / (…が)押し寄せること,(…の)襲来,殺到《+of+名》 / (感情の)高まり,急増,急騰
くぼみ,へこみ / …‘を'くぼませる,へこませる / へこむ,くぼむ
(くし・歯車などの)歯
歯の,歯科医の / (音声が)歯音の / 歯音(など)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/20 03:08:53」(JST)

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Dental surgery is any of a number of medical procedures that involve artificially modifying dentition; in other words, surgery of the teeth and jaw bones.

Types

Some of the more common are:

Endodontic (surgery involving the pulp or root of the tooth)
- Root canal
  - Pulpotomy The opening of the pulp chamber of the tooth to allow an infection to drain; Usually a precursor to a root canal
  - Pulpectomy - The removal of the pulp from the pulp chamber to temporarily relieve pain; Usually a precursor to a root canal.
- Apicoectomy - A root-end resection. Occasionally a root canal alone will not be enough to relieve pain and the end of the tooth, called the apex, will be removed by entering through the gingiva and surgically extracting the diseased material.

Prosthodontics (dental prosthetics)
- Crowns (caps) — artificial coverings of the tooth made from a variety of biocompatible materials, including CMC/PMC (ceramic/porcelain metal composite), gold or a tin/aluminum mixture. The underlying tooth must be reshaped to accommodate these fixed restorations
- Veneers — artificial coverings similar to above, except that they only cover the forward (labial or buccal) surface of the tooth. Usually for aesthetic purposes only.
- Bridges — a fixed prothesis in which two or more crowns are connected together, which replace a missing tooth or teeth through a bridge. Typically used after an extraction.
- Implants — a procedure in which a titanium implant is surgically placed in the bone (mandible or maxilla), allowed to heal, and 4–6 months later an artificial tooth is connected to the implant by cement or retained by a screw.
- Dentures (false teeth) — a partial or complete set of dentition which either attach to neighboring teeth by use of metal or plastic grasps or to the gingival or palatal surface by use of adhesive.
- Implant-supported prosthesis — a combination of dentures and implants, bases are placed into the bone, allowed to heal, and metal appliances are fixed to the gingival surface, following which dentures are placed atop and fixed into place.

Orthodontic treatment
- Implants and implant-supported prosthesis — also an orthodontic treatment as it involves bones
Apicoectomy — also an orthodontic treatment as part of the underlying bone structure must be removed.
- Extraction — a procedure in which a diseased, redundant, or problematic tooth is removed, either by pulling or cutting out. This procedure can be done under local or general anesthesia and is very common — many people have their wisdom teeth removed before they become problematic.
- Fiberotomy — a procedure to sever the fibers around a tooth, preventing it from relapsing.

Periodontics
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Professional dental care

Dental hygienist polishing a patient's teeth

Regular tooth cleaning by a dental professional is recommended^{[by whom?]} to remove tartar (mineralized plaque) that may develop even with careful brushing and flossing, especially in areas of the mouth that are difficult to clean. Professional cleaning includes tooth scaling and tooth polishing, as well as debridement if too much tartar has accumulated. This involves the use of various instruments and/or devices to loosen and remove tartar from the teeth. Most dental hygienists recommend^{[examples needed]} having the teeth professionally cleaned at least every six months^{[citation needed]}.

More frequent cleaning and examination may be necessary during the treatment of many different dental/oral disorders or due to recent surgical procedures such as dental implants. Routine examination of the teeth by a dental professional is recommended at least every year.^{[citation needed]} This may include yearly, select dental X-rays. See also dental plaque identification procedure and removal.

Dental instruments and restorative materials

Dental anesthesia

Dentists inject anesthetic to block sensory transmission by the alveolar nerves. The superior alveolar nerves are not usually anesthetized directly because they are difficult to approach with a needle. For this reason, the maxillary teeth are usually anesthetized locally by inserting the needle beneath the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth. The inferior alveolar nerve is probably anesthetized more often than any other nerve in the body. To anesthetize this nerve, the dentist inserts the needle somewhat posterior to the patient’s last molar.

References

External links

A Number of Conditions which May Require Oral Surgery

UpToDate Contents

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1. 待期的手術前後の抗凝固管理 management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery
2. 細菌性心内膜炎に対する抗菌薬の予防投与 antimicrobial prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis
3. 歯性感染症の合併症、診断、および治療 complications diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic infections
4. 乳房温存手術におけるオンコプラスティックテクニック oncoplastic techniques in breast conserving surgery
5. モース手術 mohs surgery

English Journal

Measuring value at the provider level in the management of cleft lip and palate patients.

Abbott MM, Rosen H, Kupfer P, Meara JG.Author information From the *Harvard Medical School; †Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA; ‡Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California and Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA; and §Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.Abstract"Value" has become a buzzword in current health-care discussions. This study demonstrates a provider-led strategy to measuring costs, an understudied component of the value equation, for a complex diagnosis for the purposes of improvement. A retrospective, microcosting methodology was used to measure costs for all hospital and physician services and costs to the patient over 18 months of multidisciplinary care for patients with cleft lip and palate. Short-term outcomes were also recorded. Overall costs to all parts of the system ranged from $35,826 to $56,611 for different subtypes, and insight was gained into major cost drivers and variations in care that will drive internal improvement efforts. It is critical that providers learn to work together and become familiar with their own costs in conjunction with outcomes as insurers increase pressure to reduce payments or accept alternative payments so that well-informed decisions can be made.
Annals of plastic surgery.Ann Plast Surg.2014 Mar;72(3):312-7. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e318268a960.
"Value" has become a buzzword in current health-care discussions. This study demonstrates a provider-led strategy to measuring costs, an understudied component of the value equation, for a complex diagnosis for the purposes of improvement. A retrospective, microcosting methodology was used to measur
PMID 23241795

Promotion of dentin regeneration via CCN3 modulation on Notch and BMP signaling pathways.

Wang X1, He H2, Wu X1, Hu J3, Tan Y4.Author information 1Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.2Department of Maxillofacial and Head-Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.3Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China. Electronic address: tanyinghui@outlook.com.AbstractDentin regeneration remains a great challenge in clinic. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) actively contribute to dentinogenesis, which is orchestrated by a spectrum of signaling factors. However, the exact mechanism underlying the reparative dentin regeneration process is largely unknown and the application of DPSCs in the repair of dentin defect is thus limited. Here, using a rat reparative dentin regeneration model, we observed that DPSCs underwent a proliferation phase followed by a differentiation phase after dental injury. A transient elevation of nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV, or CCN3) expression correlated with this progressive dental tissue restoration process. Further studies revealed that over-expression of CCN3 promoted human DPSCs proliferation via activation of Notch. Moreover, using cocultured cells (DPSCs/CCN3 and DPSCs) in vitro and the cocultured cells-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold complex in vivo, we demonstrated that CCN3 was capable of promoting mineralization in a non-cell autonomous manner through promoting secretion of BMP2. CCN3 can promote dentinogenesis by coordinating proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs via modulating Notch and BMP2 signaling pathways and CCN3 is a promising therapeutic target in dentin tissue engineering.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Mar;35(9):2720-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.029. Epub 2014 Jan 7.
Dentin regeneration remains a great challenge in clinic. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) actively contribute to dentinogenesis, which is orchestrated by a spectrum of signaling factors. However, the exact mechanism underlying the reparative dentin regeneration process is largely unknown and the appli
PMID 24406215

The effect of a bioactive collagen membrane releasing PDGF or GDF-5 on bone regeneration.

Yamano S1, Haku K2, Yamanaka T2, Dai J2, Takayama T2, Shohara R2, Tachi K2, Ishioka M2, Hanatani S2, Karunagaran S3, Wada K4, Moursi AM5.Author information 1Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA. Electronic address: sy23@nyu.edu.2Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.3Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Tennessee College of Dentistry, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.4Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.5Department of Pediatric Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.AbstractRegenerative procedures using barrier membrane technology are presently well established in periodontal/endodontic surgery. The objective of this study was to compare the subsequent effects of the released platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) from collagen membranes (CMs) on bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies were conducted using MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts cultured with or without factors. Cell viability, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone marker gene expression were then measured. In vivo studies were conducted by placing CMs with low or high dose PDGF or GDF-5 in rat mandibular defects. At 4 weeks after surgery new bone formation was measured using μCT and histological analysis. The results of in vitro studies showed that CM/GDF-5 significantly increased ALP and cell proliferation activities without cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 cells when compared to CM/PDGF or CM alone. Gene expression analysis revealed that Runx2 and Osteocalcin were significantly increased in CM/GDF-5 compared to CM/PDGF or control. Quantitative and qualitative μCT and histological analysis for new bone formation revealed that although CM/PDGF significantly enhanced bone regeneration compared to CM alone or control, CM/GDF-5 significantly accelerated bone regeneration to an even greater extent than CM/PDGF. The results also showed that GDF-5 induced new bone formation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that this strategy, using a CM carrying GDF-5, might lead to an improvement in the current clinical treatment of bone defects for periodontal and implant therapy.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Mar;35(8):2446-53. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.006. Epub 2013 Dec 30.
Regenerative procedures using barrier membrane technology are presently well established in periodontal/endodontic surgery. The objective of this study was to compare the subsequent effects of the released platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) from collage
PMID 24388383