直腸結腸外科、直腸結腸手術

WordNet

a room where a doctor or dentist can be consulted; "he read the warning in the doctors surgery"
the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures; "he is professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School"
see ones performance improve; "He levelled the score and then surged ahead"
a sudden or abrupt strong increase; "stimulated a surge of speculation"; "an upsurge of emotion"; "an upsurge in violent crime" (同)upsurge
relating to or affecting the colon and the rectum; "most colorectal cancers arise from adenomatous polyps"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『外科,』外科医術 / 〈U〉手術 / 〈C〉《英》診察室;〈C〉〈U〉診察時間
波のように押し寄せる,殺到する / 〈感情が〉こみあげる《+up》 / 急増する,〈株などが〉急騰する / (…が)押し寄せること,(…の)襲来,殺到《+of+名》 / (感情の)高まり,急増,急騰

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/27 04:17:44」(JST)

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Colorectal surgery is a field in medicine, dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. The field is also known as proctology, but the latter term is now used infrequently within medicine, and is most often employed to identify practices relating to the anus and rectum in particular. The word proctology is derived from the Greek words πρωκτός proktos, meaning "anus" or "hindparts", and -λογία -logia, meaning "science" or "study".

Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are called colorectal surgeons or proctologists. In the United States, to become colorectal surgeons, these surgical doctors have to complete a general surgery residency, as well as a colorectal surgery fellowship, upon which they are eligible to be certified in their field of expertise by the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery or the American Osteopathic Board of Proctology. In other countries, certification to practice proctology is given to surgeons at the end of a 2–3 year subspecialty residency by the country's board of surgery.

Scope of the specialty

Colorectal surgical disorders include:

varicosities or swelling, and inflammation of veins in the rectum and anus (Hemorrhoids)
unnatural cracks or tears in the anus (Anal fissures)
abnormal connections or passageways between the rectum or other anorectal area to the skin surface (Fistulas)
severe constipation conditions
fecal incontinence
protrusion of the walls of the rectum through the anus (Rectal prolapse)
birth defects such as the imperforate anus
treatment of severe colic disorders, such as Crohn's disease
cancer of the colon and rectum (Colorectal cancer)
repositioning of the rectal area if fallen out.
anal cancer (rare)
any injuries to the anus
removal of objects deliberately inserted into anus

Surgical treatment and diagnostic procedures

Surgical forms of treatment for these conditions include: colectomy, ileo/colostomy, polypectomy, strictureplasty, hemorrhoidectomy (in severe cases of hemorrhoids), anoplasty, and more depending on the condition the patient suffers from. Diagnostic procedures, such as a colonoscopy, are very important in colorectal surgery, as they can tell the physician what type of diagnosis should be given and what procedure should be done to correct the condition. Other diagnostic procedures used by colorectal surgeons include: proctoscopy, defecating proctography, sigmoidoscopy. In recent times, the laparoscopic method of surgery has seen a surge of popularity, due to its lower risks, decreased recovery time, and smaller, more precise incisions achieved by using laparoscopic instruments.

Another new, revolutionary method of surgery, the CARP method (Compression Anastomotic Ring-locking Procedure) is underway in Europe.^{[citation needed]} This new method is fast becoming the preferred choice due to exceptional benefits to patients in regards to faster healing process, reliability, and quick leak-detection potential.^{[citation needed]} The reduced need for a protective stoma is another appealing attribute.^{[citation needed]}

Mechanical bowel preparation

Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is a procedure lacking evidence in the literature,^[1] wherein fecal matter is expelled from the bowel lumen prior to surgery, most commonly by using sodium phosphate.^[2]

References

^ McCoubrey AS (September 2007). "The use of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery". Ulster Med J 76 (3): 127–30. PMC 2075581. PMID 17853636.
^ Zmora O; Pikarsky AJ; Wexner SD (October 2001). "Bowel preparation for colorectal surgery". Dis. Colon Rectum 44 (10): 1537–49. PMID 11598488.

External links

Anal Fissure Diagram
American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery
American Osteopathic Board of Proctology.
American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons
Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia and New Zealand

UpToDate Contents

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1. 大腸切除術における早期回復管理 fast track protocols in colorectal surgery
2. 大腸癌切除術の外科腫瘍学の原則 surgical oncologic principles for the resection of colon cancer
3. 大腸癌手術の腹腔内、骨盤内、および泌尿生殖器の合併症のマネージメント management of intra abdominal pelvic and genitourinary complications of colorectal surgery
4. 大腸切除術の吻合部合併症のマネージメント management of anastomotic complications of colorectal surgery
5. 左結腸切除：開腹術 left colectomy open technique

English Journal

Increased expression of TBX2 is a novel independent prognostic biomarker of a worse outcome in colorectal cancer patients after curative surgery and a potential therapeutic target.

Han Y, Tu WW, Wen YG, Yan DW, Qiu GQ, Peng ZH, Zhou CZ.SourceDepartment of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 20080, China.
Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England).Med Oncol.2013 Dec;30(4):688. doi: 10.1007/s12032-013-0688-3. Epub 2013 Aug 20.
T-box2 (TBX2) plays a critical role in embryonic development. Recently, deregulated expression of TBX2 has been implicated in several malignancies. However, the expression and the role of TBX2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. In this study, we found that TBX2 was obviously up-regulated in
PMID 23959449

The unfolded protein response regulator GRP78 is a novel predictive biomarker in colorectal cancer.

Thornton M, Aslam MA, Tweedle EM, Ang C, Campbell F, Jackson R, Costello E, Rooney PS, Vlatković N, Boyd MT.SourceDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, L3 9TA, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescott St, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2013 Sep 15;133(6):1408-18. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28137. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
Adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-based (5-FU) chemotherapy is a mainstay of treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), but only provides benefit for a subset of patients. To improve stratification we examined (for the first time in CRC), whether analysis of GRP78 expression provides a predictive biomarker and
PMID 23456958

Poorly differentiated colorectal cancers: correlation of microsatellite instability with clinicopathologic features and survival.

Xiao H, Yoon YS, Hong SM, Roh SA, Cho DH, Yu CS, Kim JC.SourceDept of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86, Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea; jckim@amc.seoul.kr.
American journal of clinical pathology.Am J Clin Pathol.2013 Sep;140(3):341-7. doi: 10.1309/AJCP8P2DYNKGRBVI.
Objectives: To evaluate the association of microsatellite instability (MSI) with clinicopathologic features and oncologic outcomes in patients with poorly differentiated colorectal cancer (PD). Methods: Study patients were divided into well-differentiated colorectal cancer (WD) and PD, which were co
PMID 23955452