16番染色体、第16染色体、第16番染色体

WordNet

a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; "humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes"

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染色体

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/07/30 14:28:35」(JST)

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Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents just under 3 % of the total DNA in cells.

Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 16 probably contains between 850 and 1,200 genes.

In February 2010, a new cause of obesity due to a microdeletion on chromosome 16 was announced. It may explain about 1% of obesity cases. This research was carried out by Professor Froguel, a CNRS researcher, in Lille, and others at Imperial College in London and Vaudois University and was published in Nature on February 4, 2010. This defect was identified using DNA microarrays and it leads to the suppression of about thirty genes in one region of chromosome 16. Research showed that this microdeletion is relatively common in obese people but lacking in most non-obese people.

Diseases and Disorders

Trisomy 16
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
Crohn's disease
Thalassemia
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD-1)
Autism
Schizophrenia^[1]
Red hair

External links

GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome

References

^ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091025162454.htm

Gilbert F (1999). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 16". Genet Test 3 (2): 243–54. PMID 10464676.
Martin J et al. (2004). "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16". Nature 432 (7020): 988–94. DOI:10.1038/nature03187. PMID 15616553.

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English Journal

Multi-allele DNA biosensor for the rapid genotyping of 'nondeletion' alpha thalassaemia mutations in HBA1 and HBA2 genes by means of multiplex primer extension reaction.

Petropoulou M1, Poula A1, Traeger-Synodinos J2, Kanavakis E2, Christopoulos TK3, Ioannou PC4.
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.Clin Chim Acta.2015 Jun 15;446:241-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.04.016. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
BACKGROUND: Alpha-thalassaemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective production of the alpha chain of haemoglobin. It is caused mainly by deletions of one or both of the duplicated alpha-globin genes on chromosome 16, and/or by nucleotide variations, known as "nondeletion" mu
PMID 25892676

Viral Bcl-2 Encoded by the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Is Vital for Virus Reactivation.

Gelgor A1, Kalt I1, Bergson S1, Brulois KF2, Jung JU2, Sarid R3.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2015 May 15;89(10):5298-307. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00098-15. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) open reading frame 16 (orf16) encodes a viral Bcl-2 (vBcl-2) protein which shares sequence and functional homology with the Bcl-2 family. Like its cellular homologs, vBcl-2 protects various cell types from apoptosis and can also negatively regulate
PMID 25740992

Cutaneous basal cell carcinosarcomas: evidence of clonality and recurrent chromosomal losses.

Harms PW1, Fullen DR2, Patel RM2, Chang D3, Shalin SC4, Ma L5, Wood B6, Beer TW7, Siddiqui J8, Carskadon S9, Wang M10, Palanisamy N11, Fisher GJ3, Andea A2.
Human pathology.Hum Pathol.2015 May;46(5):690-7. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.01.006. Epub 2015 Jan 14.
Cutaneous carcinosarcomas are heterogeneous group of tumors composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. Although mutation analyses have identified clonal changes between these morphologically disparate components in some subtypes of cutaneous carcinosarcoma, few cases have been anal
PMID 25704628

Japanese Journal

Modification of β-oxidation pathway in Ralstonia eutropha for production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from soybean oil(MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY)

Insomphun Chayatip,Mifune Jun,Orita Izumi [他],Numata Keiji,Nakamura Satoshi,Fukui Toshiaki
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 117(2), 184-190, 2014-02
… Ralstonia eutropha H16 is a useful platform for metabolic engineering aiming at efficient production of polyhydroxyalkanaotes being attracted as practical bioplastics. … In addition to two FadB homologs (FadB1 and FadB') encoded within the previously identified β-oxidation gene clusters on the chromosome 1, a gene of third homolog (FadB2) was found on chromosome 2 of R. …
NAID 110009804070

A method for preparation of meiotic chromosomes of conifers and its applications

Hizume Masahiro,Kaneko Kyoko,Miyake Tomoko
Chromosome
… A method for meiotic chromosome preparation including a hypotonic treatment of suspending pollen mother cells (PMCs) released from male strobili was developed in several conifer species. … The preparations of meiotic chromosomes obtained in all 16 species used of seven confer families were adequate for conventional observation on sequences of meiosis and spread chromosomes at metaphase I. …
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Newly naturally appeared Pogonia isolated from Pogonia japonica and P. minor in Japan analyzed by RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA)

T. Takahashi Chisako,Itsuji Mayu,Yagame Takahiro,Kondo Katsuhiko
Chromosome
… collected Higashi-Hiroshima-City was 2n=20 that was consisted of 16 median-centromeric chromosomes and four terminal-centromeric chtomosomes, and similar to that of P. …
NAID 130004691258