脈絡膜
WordNet
- a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera; a dark pigmentation minimizes the scattering of light inside the eye (同)choroid coat
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/06 22:50:41」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Choroid |
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Cross-section of human eye, with choroid labeled at top.
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Interior of anterior half of bulb of eye. (Choroid labeled at right, second from the bottom.)
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| Details |
| Artery |
short posterior ciliary arteries, long posterior ciliary arteries |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
choroidea |
| MeSH |
A09.371.894.223 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
c_32/12237606 |
| TA |
A15.2.03.002 |
| FMA |
58298 |
| Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
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The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm.[1] The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract.
The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers (classified in order of furthest away from the retina to closest):
- Haller's layer - outermost layer of the choroid consisting of larger diameter blood vessels;[1]
- Sattler's layer - layer of medium diameter blood vessels;[1]
- Choriocapillaris - layer of capillaries;[1] and
- Bruch's membrane (synonyms: Lamina basalis, Complexus basalis, Lamina vitra) - innermost layer of the choroid.[1]
Contents
- 1 Blood supply
- 2 Mechanism
- 3 See also
- 4 Additional images
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Blood supply
There are two circulations of the eye: the retinal (in the retina) and uveal, supplied in humans by posterior ciliary arteries, originating from the ophthalmic artery. The arteries of the uveal circulation, supplying the uvea and outer and middle layers of the retina, are branches of the ophthalmic artery and enter the eyeball without passing with the optic nerve. The retinal circulation, on the other hand, derives its circulation from the central retinal artery, also a branch of the ophthalmic artery, but passing in conjunction with the optic nerve.[2] They are branching in a segmental distribution to the end arterioles and not anastomoses. This is clinically significant for diseases affecting choroidal blood supply. The macula responsible for central vision and the anterior part of the optic nerve are dependent on choroidal blood supply.[3]
In bony fish
Teleosts bear a body of capillary adjacent to the optic nerve called the choroidal gland. Though its function is not known, it is believed to be a supplemental oxygen carrier.[4]
Mechanism
Melanin, a darkly colored pigment, helps the choroid limit uncontrolled reflection within the eye that would potentially result in the perception of confusing images. In humans and most other primates, melanin occurs throughout the choroid. In albino humans, frequently melanin is absent and vision is low. In many animals, however, the partial absence of melanin contributes to superior night vision. In these animals, melanin is absent from a section of the choroid and within that section a layer of highly reflective tissue, the tapetum lucidum, helps to collect light by reflecting it in a controlled manner. The uncontrolled reflection of light from dark choroid produces the photographic red-eye effect on photos, whereas the controlled reflection of light from the tapetum lucidum produces eyeshine (see Tapetum lucidum).
See also
Additional images
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Schematic cross section of the human eye; choroid is shown in purple.
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The terminal portion of the optic nerve and its entrance into the eyeball, in horizontal section
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The interior of the posterior half of the left eyeball
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Structures of the eye labeled
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This image shows another labeled view of the structures of the eye
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Calf's eye dissected to expose the choroid: its tapetum lucidum is iridescent blue
References
- ^ a b c d e MRCOphth Sacs questions
- ^ "Sensory Reception: Human Vision: Structure and function of the Human Eye" vol. 27, p. 174 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1987
- ^ Hayreh S (Nov 1975). "Segmental nature of the choroidal vasculature". Br J Ophthalmol 59 (11): 631–48. doi:10.1136/bjo.59.11.631. PMC 1017426. PMID 812547.
- ^ "Eye (Vertebrate)" McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, vol. 6, 2007.
External links
- Histology image: 08008loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
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Anatomy of the globe of the eye
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| Fibrous tunic (outer) |
| Sclera |
- Episcleral layer
- Schlemm's canal
- Trabecular meshwork
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| Cornea |
- Limbus
- layers
- Epithelium
- Bowman's
- Stroma
- Descemet's
- Endothelium
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| Uvea/vascular tunic (middle) |
| Choroid |
- Capillary lamina of choroid
- Bruch's membrane
- Sattler's layer
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| Ciliary body |
- Ciliary processes
- Ciliary muscle
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| Iris |
- Stroma
- Pupil
- Iris dilator muscle
- Iris sphincter muscle
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| Retina (inner) |
| Layers |
- Inner limiting membrane
- Nerve fiber layer
- Ganglion cell layer
- Inner plexiform layer
- Inner nuclear layer
- Outer plexiform layer
- Outer nuclear layer
- External limiting membrane
- Layer of rods and cones
- Retinal pigment epithelium
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| Cells |
- Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell, Rod cell) → (Horizontal cell) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell) → Retina ganglion cell (Midget cell, Parasol cell, Bistratified cell, Giant retina ganglion cells, Photosensitive ganglion cell) → Diencephalon: P cell, M cell, K cell, Muller glia
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| Other |
- Macula
- Foveola
- Fovea centralis
- Parafovea
- Perifovea
- Optic disc
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| Anterior segment |
- Anterior chamber
- Aqueous humour
- Posterior chamber
- Lens
- Capsule of lens
- Zonule of Zinn
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| Posterior segment |
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| Other |
- Asthenopia
- Keratocytes
- Ocular immune system
- Tapetum lucidum
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Distribution and determinants of choroidal thickness and volume using automated segmentation software in a population-based study.
- Gupta P1, Jing T2, Marziliano P2, Cheung CY3, Baskaran M3, Lamoureux EL3, Wong TY4, Cheung CM3, Cheng CY5.
- American journal of ophthalmology.Am J Ophthalmol.2015 Feb;159(2):293-301.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.10.034. Epub 2014 Nov 5.
- PURPOSE: To objectively quantify choroidal thickness and choroidal volume using fully automated choroidal segmentation software applied to images obtained from enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD OCT) in a population-based study; and evaluate the ocular and sy
- PMID 25447120
- Risk factors for geographic atrophy after intravitreal ranibizumab injections for retinal angiomatous proliferation.
- Cho HJ1, Yoo SG2, Kim HS2, Kim JH2, Kim CG2, Lee TG2, Kim JW2.
- American journal of ophthalmology.Am J Ophthalmol.2015 Feb;159(2):285-292.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.10.035. Epub 2014 Nov 5.
- PURPOSE: To describe the risk factors for the development of geographic atrophy (GA) following intravitreal ranibizumab injection treatment for retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP).DESIGN: Retrospective interventional series.METHODS: Forty-three eyes (38 South Korean patients) from patients being
- PMID 25447115
- Circadian macular volume changes in the healthy human choroid.
- Seidel G1, Hausberger S2, Herzog SA3, Palkovits S2, Pöschl EM2, Wackernagel W2, Weger M2.
- American journal of ophthalmology.Am J Ophthalmol.2015 Feb;159(2):365-371.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.11.002. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
- PURPOSE: To investigate a potential circadian fluctuation of the choroidal volume in healthy adults by enhanced depth imaging (EDI) via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT).DESIGN: Prospective observational case series.METHODS: Thirty healthy eyes of 15 healthy subjects with a media
- PMID 25447108
Japanese Journal
- Efficient in vivo delivery of antisense oligonucleotide to choroid plexus
- Piao Wenying,Nishina Kazutaka,Yoshida-Tanaka Kie,Kuwahara Hiroya,Nishina Tomoko,Sakata Mina,Mizusawa Hidehiro,Yokota Takanori
- Journal of medical and dental sciences 60(1), 9-16, 2013-03-00
- NAID 110009551107
- Regulation of Prolactin Receptor Gene Expression in the Rat Choroid Plexus via Transcriptional Activation of Multiple First Exons during Postnatal Development and Lactation
- HIRAI Junko,NISHITA Masahiro,NAKAO Nobuhiro [他]
- Experimental animals 62(1), 49-56, 2013-01-00
- NAID 40019541912
- 中心性漿液性脈絡網膜症における脈絡膜観察の意義 (平成23年度日本眼科学会学術奨励賞 受賞論文総説)
Related Links
- The choroid is the layer of blood vessels and connective tissue between the white of the eye and retina (at the back of the eye). It is part of the uvea and supplies nutrients to the inner parts of the eye. Inflammation of the choroid is ...
- Sun MZ, et al.: Effects of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation on overall survival in children with choroid plexus carcinoma. J Neurooncol 120:353-360, 2014 135人の脈絡叢癌の文献例が解析されています。全生存期間は，化学療法 ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- choroid (N)
- ラ
- choroidea、chorioidea
- 関
- 眼球
概念
- 網膜の内面に接する部分 (KL.549)
- 内側にある網膜の神経上層に栄養を与える (KL.549)
- 網膜の色素上皮層(網膜の一番外層)とはブルッフ膜を介して接している (SOP.4)
発生 (L.378-)
[★]