脈絡膜 choroid
WordNet
- a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera; a dark pigmentation minimizes the scattering of light inside the eye (同)choroid coat
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/22 08:20:15」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Choroid |
Schematic cross section of the human eye; choroid is shown in purple.
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Interior of anterior half of bulb of eye. (Choroid labeled at right, second from the bottom.)
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| Latin |
choroidea |
| Gray's |
p.1009 |
| Artery |
short posterior ciliary arteries, long posterior ciliary arteries |
| MeSH |
Choroid |
The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm.[1] The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract.
The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers:
- Haller's layer - outermost layer of the choroid consisting of larger diameter blood vessels;[1]
- Sattler's layer - layer of medium diameter blood vessels;[1]
- Choriocapillaris - layer of capillaries;[1] and
- Bruch's membrane (synonyms: Lamina basalis, Complexus basalis, Lamina vitra) - innermost layer of the choroid.[1]
Contents
- 1 Blood supply
- 2 Mechanism
- 3 See also
- 4 Additional images
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Blood supply
There are two circulations of the eye: the retinal (in the retina) and uveal, supplied in humans by posterior ciliary arteries, originating from the ophthalmic artery. The arteries of the uveal circulation, supplying the uvea and outer and middle layers of the retina, are branches of the ophthalmic artery and enter the eyeball without passing with the optic nerve. The retinal circulation, on the other hand, derives its circulation from the central retinal artery, also a branch of the ophthalmic artery, but passing in conjunction with the optic nerve.[2] They are branching in a segmental distribution to the end arterioles and not anastomoses. This is clinically significant for diseases affecting choroidal blood supply. The macula responsible for central vision and the anterior part of the optic nerve are dependent on choroidal blood supply.[3]
In bony fish
Teleosts bear a body of capillary adjacent to the optic nerve called the choroidal gland. Though its function is not known, it is believed to be a supplemental oxygen carrier.[4]
Mechanism
Melanin, a darkly colored pigment, helps the choroid limit uncontrolled reflection within the eye that would potentially result in the perception of confusing images. In humans and most other primates, melanin occurs throughout the choroid. In albino humans, frequently melanin is absent and vision is low. In many animals, however, the partial absence of melanin contributes to superior night vision. In these animals, melanin is absent from a section of the choroid and within that section a layer of highly reflective tissue, the tapetum lucidum, helps to collect light by reflecting it in a controlled manner. The uncontrolled reflection of light from dark choroid produces the photographic red-eye effect on photos, whereas the controlled reflection of light from the tapetum lucidum produces eyeshine (see Tapetum lucidum).
See also
Additional images
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Illustration depicting main structures of the eye
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The terminal portion of the optic nerve and its entrance into the eyeball, in horizontal section
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The interior of the posterior half of the left eyeball
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Structures of the eye labeled
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This image shows another labeled view of the structures of the eye
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Calf's eye dissected to expose the choroid: its tapetum lucidum is iridescent blue
References
- ^ a b c d e MRCOphth Sacs questions
- ^ "Sensory Reception: Human Vision: Structure and function of the Human Eye" vol. 27, p. 174 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1987
- ^ Hayreh, SS. (Nov 1975). "Segmental nature of the choroidal vasculature". Br J Ophthalmol 59 (11): 631–48. doi:10.1136/bjo.59.11.631. PMC 1017426. PMID 812547.
- ^ "Eye (Vertebrate)" McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, vol. 6, 2007.
External links
- BU Histology Learning System: 08008loa
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Sensory system – visual system – globe of eye (TA A15.2.1–6, TH 3.11.08.0-5, GA 10.1005)
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| Fibrous tunic (outer) |
| Sclera |
- Episcleral layer
- Schlemm's canal
- Trabecular meshwork
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| Cornea |
- Limbus
- layers
- Epithelium
- Bowman's
- Stroma
- Descemet's
- Endothelium
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| Uvea/vascular tunic (middle) |
| Choroid |
- Capillary lamina of choroid
- Bruch's membrane
- Sattler's layer
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| Ciliary body |
- Ciliary processes
- Ciliary muscle
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| Iris |
- Stroma
- Pupil
- Iris dilator muscle
- Iris sphincter muscle
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| Retina (inner) |
| Layers |
- Inner limiting membrane
- Nerve fiber layer
- Ganglion cell layer
- Inner plexiform layer
- Inner nuclear layer
- Outer plexiform layer
- Outer nuclear layer
- External limiting membrane
- Layer of rods and cones
- Retinal pigment epithelium
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| Cells |
Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell, Rod cell) → (Horizontal cell) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell) → Retina ganglion cell (Midget cell, Parasol cell, Bistratified cell, Giant retina ganglion cells, Photosensitive ganglion cell) → Diencephalon: P cell, M cell, K cell Muller glia
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| Other |
- Macula
- Foveola
- Fovea centralis
- Parafovea
- Perifovea
- Optic disc
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| Anterior segment |
- Anterior chamber
- Aqueous humour
- Posterior chamber
- Lens
- Capsule of lens
- Zonule of Zinn
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| Posterior segment |
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| Other |
- Asthenopia
- Keratocytes
- Ocular immune system
- Tapetum lucidum
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anat (g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot
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proc, drug (S1A/1E/1F/1L)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- A porohyperelastic finite element model of the eye: the influence of stiffness and permeability on intraocular pressure and optic nerve head biomechanics.
- Ayyalasomayajula A1, Park RI2, Simon BR1,3, Vande Geest JP1,4,5.
- Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2016 May;19(6):591-602. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1052417. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
- Progressively deteriorating visual field is a characteristic feature of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and the biomechanics of optic nerve head (ONH) is believed to be important in its onset. We used porohyperelasticity to model the complex porous behavior of ocular tissues to better understand
- PMID 26195024
- The autoimmune diseases of the eyes.
- de Andrade FA1, Fiorot SH2, Benchimol EI3, Provenzano J2, Martins VJ4, Levy RA5.
- Autoimmunity reviews.Autoimmun Rev.2016 Mar;15(3):258-71. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.12.001. Epub 2015 Dec 3.
- The eye is divided anatomically in three layers: an outer or fibrous layer (cornea/sclera), middle or vascular layer (uvea - iris, ciliary body, and choroid) and an inner or sensorineural layer (retina). They compose the several anatomic and functional layers that enable the immune protection of the
- PMID 26655327
- Peripapillary choroidal thickness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Ozcimen M1, Sakarya Y1, Kurtipek E2, Bekci TT2, Goktas S1, Sakarya R1, Yener HI3, Demir LS4, Erdogan E1, Ivacik IS1, Alpfidan I1, Bukus A1.
- Cutaneous and ocular toxicology.Cutan Ocul Toxicol.2016 Mar;35(1):26-30. doi: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1004079. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the peripapillary choroidal thickness of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) via enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 patients with COPD (80 eyes) and 50 control subjects (50 eyes) were enroll
- PMID 25690045
Japanese Journal
- 第四脳室と橋・延髄の解剖と外科治療(<特集>脳室・脳幹病変の外科治療)
- 日本臨床外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japan Surgical Association 64(5), 1082-1085, 2003-05-25
- NAID 10011221498
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★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- choroid (N)
- ラ
- choroidea、chorioidea
- 関
- 眼球
概念
- 網膜の内面に接する部分 (KL.549)
- 内側にある網膜の神経上層に栄養を与える (KL.549)
- 網膜の色素上皮層(網膜の一番外層)とはブルッフ膜を介して接している (SOP.4)
発生 (L.378-)