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inflammation of the choroid layer behind the retina

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/25 21:05:06」(JST)

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Chorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid (thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye) and retina of the eye. It is a form of posterior uveitis. If only the choroid is inflamed, not the retina, the condition is termed choroiditis.^[1] The ophthalmologist's goal in treating these potentially blinding conditions is to eliminate the inflammation and minimize the potential risk of therapy to the patient.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include the presence of floating black spots, blurred vision, pain or redness in the eye, sensitivity to light, or excessive tearing.^[2]

Causes

Play media

Ophthalmoscopic findings during vitrectomy. The video shows the whitish cloudy cords and the white retinal spots found during vitrectomy. In a case of placoid chorioretinitis due to Treponema pallidum.

Chorioretinitis is often caused by toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infections (mostly seen in immunodeficient subjects such as people with HIV or on immunosuppressant drugs).^[3] Congenital toxoplasmosis via transplacental transmission can also lead to sequelae such as chorioretinitis along with hydrocephalus and cerebral calcifications. Other possible causes of chorioretinitis are syphilis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, Behcet's disease, onchocerciasis, or West Nile virus.^[4] Chorioretinitis may also occur in presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS); despite its name, the relationship of POHS to Histoplasma is controversial.^[5]^[6]

Treatment

Chorioretinitis is usually treated with a combination of corticosteroids and antibiotics. However, if there is an underlying cause such as HIV, specific therapy can be started as well.

A 2012 Cochrane Review found weak evidence suggesting that ivermectin could result in reduced chorioretinal lesions in patients with onchocercal eye disease.^[7] More research is needed to support this finding.

References

^ "Choroiditis (definition)". WebMD. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
^ Berman, Eric L. "Choroiretinitis.". NYU Langone Medical Center. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
^ Kasper; et al., eds. (2005). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 959, 1038. ISBN 0-07-140235-7.
^ Shaikh S, Trese MT (2004). "West Nile virus chorioretinitis". Br J Ophthalmol. 88 (12): 1599–60. doi:10.1136/bjo.2004.049460. PMC 1772450 . PMID 15548822.
^ Thuruthumaly, C; Yee, D. C.; Rao, P. K. (2014). "Presumed ocular histoplasmosis". Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 25 (6): 508–12. doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000100. PMID 25237930
^ Nielsen, J. S.; Fick, T. A.; Saggau, D. D.; Barnes, C. H. (2012). "Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to ocular histoplasmosis syndrome". Retina 32 (3): 468–72. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e318229b220. PMID 21817958
^ Ejere HO, Schwartz E, Wormald R, Evans JR (2012). "Ivermectin for onchocercal eye disease (river blindness)". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 8: CD002219. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002219.pub2. PMC 4425412 . PMID 22895928.
^ Neil J. Friedman; Peter K. Kaiser; Roberto Pineda (2009). The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary illustrated manual of ophthalmology (3rd ed.). Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-1437709087.
^ Emmett T. Cunningham; Paul Riordan-Eva. Vaughan & Asbury's general ophthalmology. (18th ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0071634205.

UpToDate Contents

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1. ブドウ膜炎：病因、臨床症状、および診断 uveitis etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
2. 網膜色素変性症：臨床症状および診断 retinitis pigmentosa clinical presentation and diagnosis
3. ブドウ膜炎：治療 uveitis treatment
4. AIDS関連サイトメガロウイルス網膜炎の病因、臨床症状、および診断 pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis of aids related cytomegalovirus retinitis
5. 網膜色素変性症：治療 retinitis pigmentosa treatment

English Journal

[Ophthalmic manifestations of toxoplasmosis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. Description of a case.]

Hermida Pérez JA, Bermejo Hernandez A, Sobenes Gutierrez R.SourceMedicina de Familia, Centro de Salud de El Paso, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España. Electronic address: hermidana@yahoo.es.
Semergen / Sociedad Espanola de Medicina Rural y Generalista.Semergen.2013 Apr 6. pii: S1138-3593(13)00023-3. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2013.01.012. [Epub ahead of print]
Toxoplasmosis is an infection of worldwide distribution caused by Toxoplasma gondii, and infects a large proportion of the world population. Only under certain circumstances of severe immunosuppression can the parasite reactivate and cause disease. The most common form of presentation of this pathol
PMID 23566559

Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis: a post-infectious manifestation of ocular toxoplasmosis?

Jad A, Céline T, Bahram B, Phuc L, Nathalie C.SourceDepartment of Ophthalmology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, 47 bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. akesbi@gmail.com
International ophthalmology.Int Ophthalmol.2013 Apr;33(2):189-94. doi: 10.1007/s10792-012-9649-7. Epub 2012 Oct 16.
The purpose of this article is to report the development of Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) secondary to toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis. The design is based on observational case series report. We report in this article six cases of typical FHC developing secondary to ocular toxoplasmosis. Intrao
PMID 23070707

POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES AFTER FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE IMPLANT SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH BIRDSHOT CHORIORETINITIS AND OTHER TYPES OF POSTERIOR AND PANUVEITIS.

Burkholder BM, Wang J, Dunn JP, Nguyen QD, Thorne JE.Source*The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Departments of †Biostatistics and ‡Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.).Retina.2013 Mar 30. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSES:: To evaluate outcomes after placement of fluocinolone acetonide (FA) implants in eyes with birdshot chorioretinitis and to compare these outcomes with eyes with posterior and panuveitis. METHODS:: This is a retrospective cohort study of 48 eyes from patients with posterior and panuveitis t
PMID 23549097

Japanese Journal

臨床報告 HIV感染者に生じた脂質抗原検査陰性の梅毒性視神経脈絡網膜炎の1例

眼科 57(6), 883-890, 2015-05
NAID 40020479857

症例報告画像所見よりacute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitisを疑い駆梅療法が奏効した1例

日本眼科学会雑誌 119(4), 266-272, 2015-04
NAID 40020434352

Endogenous Candida Chorioretinitis in a Healthy Infant

Japanese journal of ophthalmology 54(6), 629-631, 2010-11-01
NAID 10027666584

Related Pictures

Chorioretinitis, fundus photograph - Stock Image C026/1068 - Science Photo Library Toxoplasma chorioretinitis 1 - Retina Image Bank CMV Chorioretinitis - Retina Image Bank Number 30 | newhairstylesformen2014.com

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「網脈絡膜炎」「脈絡網膜炎」
拡張検索	「toxoplasmic chorioretinitis」「chorioretinitis serosa centralis」

「網脈絡膜炎」

　　[★]

英: retinochoroiditis, chorioretinopathy
関: 網脈絡膜症、脈絡膜炎

網膜と脈絡膜の炎症

[show details]

ja

chorioretinitis : 約 10,100 件
retinochoroiditis : 71 件

en

chorioretinitis : 約 254,000 件
retinochoroiditis : 約 50,400 件

「脈絡網膜炎」

　　[★]

英: chorioretinitis
関: 網脈絡膜炎

「toxoplasmic chorioretinitis」

　　[★] トキソプラズマ性脈絡網膜炎

「chorioretinitis serosa centralis」

　　[★] 中心性漿液性網脈絡膜症

[WebMD_choroiditis-1] "Choroiditis (definition)". WebMD. Retrieved July 11, 2012.

[Berman_Eric-2] Berman, Eric L. "Choroiretinitis.". NYU Langone Medical Center. Retrieved July 11, 2012.

[3] Kasper; et al., eds. (2005). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 959, 1038. ISBN 0-07-140235-7.

[4] Shaikh S, Trese MT (2004). "West Nile virus chorioretinitis". Br J Ophthalmol. 88 (12): 1599–60. doi:10.1136/bjo.2004.049460. PMC 1772450 . PMID 15548822.

[5] Thuruthumaly, C; Yee, D. C.; Rao, P. K. (2014). "Presumed ocular histoplasmosis". Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 25 (6): 508–12. doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000000100. PMID 25237930

[6] Nielsen, J. S.; Fick, T. A.; Saggau, D. D.; Barnes, C. H. (2012). "Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to ocular histoplasmosis syndrome". Retina 32 (3): 468–72. doi:10.1097/IAE.0b013e318229b220. PMID 21817958

[Ejere-7] Ejere HO, Schwartz E, Wormald R, Evans JR (2012). "Ivermectin for onchocercal eye disease (river blindness)". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 8: CD002219. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002219.pub2. PMC 4425412 . PMID 22895928.

[meei-8] Neil J. Friedman; Peter K. Kaiser; Roberto Pineda (2009). The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary illustrated manual of ophthalmology (3rd ed.). Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-1437709087.

[vaughan-9] Emmett T. Cunningham; Paul Riordan-Eva. Vaughan & Asbury's general ophthalmology. (18th ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0071634205.

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案内

chorioretinitis