WordNet

any compound containing a chlorine atom
any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion)
a B-complex vitamin that is a constituent of lecithin; essential in the metabolism of fat

PrepTutorEJDIC

塩化物

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/20 13:29:37」(JST)

wiki en

Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt. It has a choline cation with chloride anion. Alternative names are hepacholine, biocolina and lipotril.

Synthesis

In the laboratory choline can be prepared by methylation of dimethylethanolamine with methyl chloride.

In the industrial Davy Process Technology route choline chloride is produced from ethylene oxide, hydrochloric acid, and trimethylamine,^[2] or from the pre-formed salt:^[3]

Applications

Choline chloride is mass-produced and is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where it accelerates growth. With urea it forms a deep eutectic solvent. Other commercial choline salts are choline hydroxide and choline bitartrate. In foodstuffs the compound is often present as phosphatidylcholine.

References

^ "Chemical Safety Information from Intergovernmental Organizations - Choline Chloride".
^ Davy Process Technology
^ "Choline chloride". Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) for High Production Volume Chemicals. IPCS INCHEM.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 嚢胞性線維症：消化器疾患の概要 cystic fibrosis overview of gastrointestinal disease
2. 癌疼痛の管理：アセトアミノフェンおよび非ステロイド性抗炎症剤の使用 cancer pain management use of acetaminophen and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
3. 非ステロイド性抗炎症剤（NSAID）（アスピリンを含む）：アレルギー反応および偽
アレルギー反応 nsaids including aspirin allergic and pseudoallergic reactions
4. 赤血球細胞膜の動態および機構 red blood cell membrane dynamics and organization
5. 変形性関節症の薬物療法 pharmacologic therapy of osteoarthritis

English Journal

Impact of quercetin and fish oil encapsulation on bilayer membrane and oxidation stability of liposomes.

Frenzel M1, Steffen-Heins A2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Oct 15;185:48-57. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.121. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
Unsaturated soy phosphatidyl choline (PC) liposomes were systematically analyzed for chemical and physical stability and for influence on membrane fluidity, when quercetin and fish oil were encapsulated. The physical stability of liposomes was lowered with loading, which is mainly due to fish oil le
PMID 25952840

Necroptosis is a key pathogenic event in human and experimental murine models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Afonso MB1, Rodrigues PM1, Carvalho T2, Caridade M1, Borralho P3, Cortez-Pinto H4, Castro RE1, Rodrigues CM5.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2015 Oct 1;129(8):721-39. doi: 10.1042/CS20140732. Epub 2015 Jun 15.
Hepatocyte cell death, inflammation and oxidative stress constitute key pathogenic mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the role of necroptosis in human and experimental NAFLD and its association with tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and oxidativ
PMID 26201023

Perineural spread in pelvic malignancies can be an alternate explanation for pelvic bony metastases rather than hematogenous spread. A report of two cases.

Capek S1, Howe BM, Froemming AT, Amrami KK, Spinner RJ.
Skeletal radiology.Skeletal Radiol.2015 Oct;44(9):1365-70. doi: 10.1007/s00256-015-2143-3. Epub 2015 Apr 12.
We propose that pelvic malignancies can spread to bone and cause bony metastases using nerves as conduits. We reviewed two cases of pelvic malignancy with perineural spread of bladder cancer and prostate cancer. In a patient with prostate cancer, we identified six lesions that were positive on the (
PMID 25862336

Japanese Journal

An efficient protocol for the Friedlander quinoline synthesis using the Lewis acidic ionic liquid choline chloride・2ZnCl2

Wang Huey-Min,Hou Rei-Sheu,Cheng Hui-Ting [他]
Heterocycles 78(2), 487-493, 2009-02-01
NAID 40016423735

The Effects of O-Substituents of Hexahomotrioxacalix [3] arene on Potentiometric Discrimination between Dopamine and Biological Organic/Inorganic Cations

SAIJO Ryosuke,MURAKAMI Hiroyuki,TSUNEKAWA Saori,IMANISHI Souhei,SHIRAI Naohiro,IKEDA Shin-ichi,ODASHIMA Kazunori
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 55(3), 417-421, 2007-03-01
… As an interesting type of molecular recognition at a membrane surface, the tri-O-acetic acid ester (host 2) of hexahomotrioxacalix [3] arene, when incorporated into poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) liquid membranes, displays a high potentiometric selectivity for dopamine over, not only other catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline), but also quaternary ammonium guests (tetramethylammonium, choline, and acetylcholine) and inorganic cations (Na^+, K^+, NH^+_4). …
NAID 110006225092

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

拡張検索	「acetylcholine chloride」「methacholine chloride」
関連記事	「chloride」

「acetylcholine chloride」

Choline chloride
	IUPAC name 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride OR (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Identifiers
CAS number	67-48-1
PubChem	522265
ChemSpider	5974
UNII	45I14D8O27
ChEBI	CHEBI:133341
ChEMBL	CHEMBL282468
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES [Cl-].OCC[N+](C)(C)C ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 ; Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M InChI=1/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1; Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-REWHXWOFAH ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C5H14ClNO
Molar mass	139.62 g mol−1
Appearance	White or deliquescent crystals
Melting point	302 °C (decomposes)
Solubility in water	very soluble (>650 g/l)
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
NFPA 704	0 2 0
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
	(verify) (what is: /?)
	Infobox references