chloride-bicarbonate exchanger

Cl-/HCO3-交換輸送体、塩素イオン・炭酸水素イオン交換輸送体

関

chloride-bicarbonate antiporter、Cl- HCO3- exchanger、Cl-HCO3 exchanger

WordNet

1. hand over one and receive another, approximately equivalent; "exchange prisoners"; "exchange employees between branches of the company"
2. chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another
3. reciprocal transfer of equivalent sums of money (especially the currencies of different countries); "he earns his living from the interchange of currency" (同)interchange
4. the act of changing one thing for another thing; "Adam was promised immortality in exchange for his disobedience"; "there was an interchange of prisoners" (同)interchange
5. (chess) gaining (or losing) a rook in return for a knight or bishop; "black lost the exchange"
6. (chess) the capture by both players (usually on consecutive moves) of pieces of equal value; "the endgame began after the exchange of queens"
7. a workplace for buying and selling; open only to members
8. the act of giving something in return for something received; "deductible losses on sales or exchanges of property are allowable"
9. a mutual expression of views (especially an unpleasant one); "they had a bitter exchange"
10. give to, and receive from, one another; "Would you change places with me?"; "We have been exchanging letters for a year" (同)change, interchange
11. any compound containing a chlorine atom
12. any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion)
13. a salt of carbonic acid (containing the anion HCO3) in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced; an acid carbonate (同)hydrogen_carbonate
14. one whose business is to exchange the money of one country for that of another country (同)money changer

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. …‘を'『取り替える』;(…と)…‘を'取り替える《+『名』+『for』+『名』》 / …‘を'『取り交わす』;(人と)…‘を'取り交わす《+『名』+『with』+『名』〈人〉》 / (化幣が)両替される / 〈U〉〈C〉(物の物との)『取り替え』《+『of』+『名』+『for』+『名』》;(相手と物を)『交換すること』《+『of』+『名』(複数)+『with』+『名』〈人〉》 / 〈C〉交換物,取り替え品 / 〈C〉取引所;(電話の)交換局 / 〈U〉両替;為替(かわせ),為替相場 / 〈C〉=employment exchange
2. 塩化物
3. 重炭酸塩

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/01 18:49:04」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the radio frequency range, see Band III.

Solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 1 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3, Diego blood group)
Atomic microscope image of Band 3
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1BH7, 1BNX, 1BTQ, 1BTR, 1BTS, 1BTT, 1BZK, 1HYN, 2BTA, 2BTB, 3BTB, 4KY9
Identifiers
Symbols	SLC4A1; AE1; BND3; CD233; DI; EMPB3; EPB3; FR; RTA1A; SW; WD; WD1; WR
External IDs	OMIM: 109270 MGI: 109393 HomoloGene: 37290 GeneCards: SLC4A1 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • actin binding • inorganic anion exchanger activity • protein binding • protein C-terminus binding • anion transmembrane transporter activity • chloride transmembrane transporter activity • anion:anion antiporter activity • ankyrin binding • protein homodimerization activity • protein anchor Cellular component • plasma membrane • integral to plasma membrane • integral to membrane • basolateral plasma membrane • Z disc • cortical cytoskeleton Biological process • ion transport • anion transport • chloride transport • cellular ion homeostasis • bicarbonate transport • small molecule metabolic process • transmembrane transport Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6521	20533
Ensembl	ENSG00000004939	ENSMUSG00000006574
UniProt	P02730	P04919
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000342	NM_011403
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000333	NP_035533
Location (UCSC)	Chr 17: 42.33 – 42.35 Mb	Chr 11: 102.35 – 102.37 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1, adapter protein
Identifiers
Symbol	SLC4A1AP
Entrez	22950
HUGO	13813
OMIM	602655
RefSeq	NM_018158
UniProt	P02730
Other data
Locus	Chr. 2 p23.3

Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1) or Band 3 is a phylogenetically preserved transport protein responsible for mediating the exchange of chloride (Cl⁻) for bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) across a plasma membrane. Functionally similar members of the AE clade are AE2 and AE3.

It is ubiquitous throughout the vertebrates. In humans it is present in two specific sites:

• the erythrocyte (red blood cell) cell membrane and
• the basolateral surface of the alpha-intercalated cell (the acid secreting cell type) in the collecting duct of the kidney.

The erythrocyte and kidney forms are different isoforms of the same protein.

Discovery

AE1 was discovered following SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte cell membrane. The large 'third' band on the electrophoresis gel represented AE1, which was thus initially termed 'Band 3'. The chloride-bicarbonate exchanger in the red cell membrane is not a pump, which would use metabolic energy. Nor is it strictly an enzyme. It is protein counter-transporter, known as band III.

AE1 in Red Cells

AE1 is an important structural component of the erythrocyte cell membrane, making up to 25% of the cell membrane surface. Each red cell contains approximately one million copies of AE1.

Function

Here it performs two functions:

• Electroneutral chloride and bicarbonate exchange across the plasma membrane on a one-for-one basis.This is crucial for CO₂ uptake by the red cell and conversion (by hydration catalysed by carbonic anhydrase) into a proton and a bicarbonate ion. The bicarbonate is then extruded (in exchange for a chloride) from the cell by the band 3 molecule.

• Physical linkage of the plasma membrane to the underlying membrane skeleton (via binding with ankyrin and protein 4.2). This appears to be to prevent membrane surface loss, rather than being to do with membrane skeleton assembly.

Pathology

Mutations of erythroid AE1 affecting the extracellular domains of the molecule may cause alterations in the individual's blood group, as band 3 determines the Diego blood group.

More importantly erythroid AE1 mutations cause 15–25% of cases of Hereditary spherocytosis (a disorder associated with progressive red cell membrane loss), and also cause the hereditary conditions of Hereditary stomatocytosis and Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis

AE1 in Alpha-Intercalated cells

A different isoform of AE1, known as kAE1 (which is 65 amino acids shorter than erythroid AE1) is found in the basolateral surface of the alpha-intercalated cell in the cortical collecting duct of the kidney.

Function

This is the principal acid secreting cell of the kidney, which generates hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions from carbon dioxide and water-a reaction catalysed by Carbonic anhydrase.

The hydrogen ions are pumped into the collecting duct tubule by vacuolar H⁺ ATPase, the apical proton pump, which thus excretes acid into the urine.

kAE1 exchanges bicarbonate for chloride on the basolateral surface, essentially returning bicarbonate to the blood.

Pathology

Mutations of kidney AE1 cause distal (type1) renal tubular acidosis, which is an inability to acidify the urine, even if the blood is too acid. These mutations are disease causing as they cause mistargetting of the mutant band 3 proteins so that they are retained within the cell or occasionally addressed to the wrong (i.e. apical) surface.

Interactions

Band 3 has been shown to interact with Carbonic anhydrase II and CA4.

See also

• Cluster of differentiation

References

External links

• Diego blood group system at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH
• Band 3 Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Further reading

• Tanner MJ (1993). "Molecular and cellular biology of the erythrocyte anion exchanger (AE1)". Semin. Hematol. 30 (1): 34–57. PMID 8434259. 
• Chambers EJ, Askin D, Bloomberg GB, et al. (1998). "Studies on the structure of a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic loop of the human red cell anion exchanger (band 3, AE1)". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 26 (3): 516–20. PMID 9765907. 
• Inaba M (2002). "[Band 3: expanding knowledge on its functions]". Seikagaku 73 (12): 1431–5. PMID 11831035. 
• Tanner MJ (2002). "Band 3 anion exchanger and its involvement in erythrocyte and kidney disorders". Curr. Opin. Hematol. 9 (2): 133–9. doi:10.1097/00062752-200203000-00009. PMID 11844997. 
• Shayakul C, Alper SL (2004). "Defects in processing and trafficking of the AE1 Cl⁻/HCO₃⁻ exchanger associated with inherited distal renal tubular acidosis". Clin. Exp. Nephrol. 8 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s10157-003-0271-x. PMID 15067510. 

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 赤血球細胞膜の動態および機構 red blood cell membrane dynamics and organization
• 2. 赤血球水分量の制御 control of red blood cell hydration
• 3. 腎尿細管性アシドーシスの概要と病態生理、およびカリウムバランスへの影響 overview and pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis and the effect on potassium balance
• 4. 遺伝性楕円赤血球症：遺伝学と病因 hereditary elliptocytosis genetics and pathogenesis
• 5. 赤血球表面抗原および細胞骨格蛋白質の異常によるマラリアに対する防御 protection against malaria by abnormalities in red cell surface antigens and cytoskeletal proteins

English Journal

• Regulation of SLC26A3 activity by NHERF4 PDZ-mediated interaction.

• Lee JH, Nam JH, Park J, Kang DW, Kim JY, Lee MG, Yoon JS.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
• Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2012 Sep;24(9):1821-30. Epub 2012 May 22.
• SLC26A3 functions as a chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger expressed in the secretory epithelial cells in the intestine, pancreas, and salivary glands. SLC26A3 has a C-terminal class I PDZ binding motif that assembles regulatory factors or other transporters by anchoring to various PDZ scaffold pro
• PMID 22627094

• Efflux of glutathione and glutathione complexes from human erythrocytes in response to vanadate.

• Cakir Y, Yildiz D.AbstractThe main objective of the present study was to investigate if vanadate is extruded from the cells in a glutathione dependent manner resulting in the appearance of extracellular glutathione and complexes of glutathione with vanadium. Vanadate significantly depleted intracellular non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The intracellular NPSH level was decreased to 0.0±0.0μmol/ml erythrocyte when exposed to 10mM of vanadate for 4h. Extracellular NPSH level was increased concomitantly with the intracellular decrease and reached to 0.1410±0.005μmol/ml erythrocyte in 4h. Intracellular decrease and extracellular increase in NPSH levels were significantly inhibited in the presence of DIDS, a chloride-bicarbonate exchanger which also mediates phosphate and arsenate transport in erythrocytes. In parallel with the increase in extracellular NPSH levels, significant increases in extracellular glutathione levels were detected following exposure to vanadate. Extracellular glutathione levels reached to 0.0150±0.0.001, 0.0330±0.001, and 0.0576±0.002μmol/ml erythrocyte with 1, 5, and 10mM of vanadate respectively. Dimercaptosuccinic acid treatment of supernatants significantly increased the glutathione levels measured in the extracellular media. Utilization of MK571 an MRP inhibitor decreased the rate of glutathione efflux from erythrocytes suggesting a role for this membrane transporter in the process. A known methylation inhibitor periodate oxidized adenosine decreased the rate of glutathione efflux from erythrocytes. This observed decrease in extracellular GSH levels suggests that GSH release partly requires a proper cellular methylation process and that part of GSH detected in the extracellular media may arise from GSH-vandium complexes. The results of the present study indicate that human erythrocyte efflux glutathione in reduced free form and in conjugated form/s that can be recovered with dimercaptosuccinic acid when exposed to vanadate.
• Blood cells, molecules & diseases.Blood Cells Mol Dis.2012 Jul 22. [Epub ahead of print]
• The main objective of the present study was to investigate if vanadate is extruded from the cells in a glutathione dependent manner resulting in the appearance of extracellular glutathione and complexes of glutathione with vanadium. Vanadate significantly depleted intracellular non-protein sulfhydry
• PMID 22824382

Japanese Journal

• Linkage Analysis of Twelve Candidate Gene Loci Regulating Water and Sodium Metabolism and Membrane Ion Transport in Essential Hypertension.

• Hypertension Research 25(4), 635-639, 2002
• NAID 130004437003

• Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Apoptosis of Endothelial Cells Concomitantly with Cycloheximide

• Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis 7(4), 209-215, 2000-12-01
• NAID 10010269262

• Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Apoptosis of Endothelial Cells Concomitantly with Cycloheximide

• Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 7(4), 209-215, 2000
• NAID 130004104557

Related Links

• Chloride-bicarbonate exchanger | definition of Chloride ...

Meaning of Chloride-bicarbonate exchanger medical term. What does Chloride-bicarbonate exchanger mean? Chloride-bicarbonate exchanger | definition of Chloride-bicarbonate exchanger by Medical dictionary http://medical ? ...

• Expression and Function of Bicarbonate/Chloride Exchangers ...

Abstract Bicarbonate/chloride (HCO − 3 /Cl −) exchangers regulate intracellular pH in the alkaline range. Previously, it has been shown that mouse embryos at the two-cell stage exhibit this activity, but that the otherwise ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「Cl-/HCO3-交換輸送体」「chloride-bicarbonate antiporter」「塩素イオン・炭酸水素イオン交換輸送体」「Cl- HCO3- exchanger」
関連記事	「exchange」「exchanger」「chloride」

「Cl-/HCO3-交換輸送体」

　　[★]

英

Cl- HCO3- exchanger、Cl-HCO3 exchanger、chloride-bicarbonate exchanger、chloride-bicarbonate antiporter

関

クロライド・炭酸水素イオンアンチ・ーター、塩素イオン・炭酸水素イオン交換輸送体、Cl-/HCO3-アンチ・ーター

「chloride-bicarbonate antiporter」

　　[★]

• クロライド・炭酸水素イオンアンチ・ーター、塩素イオン・炭酸水素イオン交換輸送体、Cl-/HCO3-アンチ・ーター、Cl-/HCO3-交換輸送体

関

chloride-bicarbonate exchanger、Cl- HCO3- exchanger、Cl-HCO3 exchanger

「塩素イオン・炭酸水素イオン交換輸送体」

　　[★]

英

chloride-bicarbonate exchanger、chloride-bicarbonate antiporter、Cl- HCO3- exchanger

関

クロライド・炭酸水素イオンアンチポーター、Cl-/HCO3-アンチポーター、Cl-/HCO3-交換輸送体

「Cl- HCO3- exchanger」

　　[★]

• Cl-/HCO3-交換輸送体、塩素イオン・炭酸水素イオン交換輸送体

関

chloride-bicarbonate antiporter、chloride-bicarbonate exchanger、Cl-HCO3 exchanger

「exchange」

　　[★]

• n.

• 交換

• v.

• 交換する

関

interchange、replace、replacement、swap

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「exchanger」

　　[★]

交換体、交換輸送体、エクスチェンジャー

関

antiporter、translocase

　

「chloride」

　　[★] 塩素イオン