WordNet

subject to change; variable; "a fluid situation fraught with uncertainty"; "everything was unstable following the coup" (同)unstable
a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas
in cash or easily convertible to cash; "liquid (or fluid) assets" (同)liquid
affording change (especially in social status); "Britain is not a truly fluid society"; "upwardly mobile" (同)mobile
characteristic of a fluid; capable of flowing and easily changing shape (同)runny
of or relating to the brain and spinal cord; "cerebrospinal fluid"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『流体』,流動体 / 『流動性の』,流動する / 流体の,流動体から成る / 変わりやすい,固定していない,浮動する
〈U〉漏ること,漏れ / 〈C〉漏る量,漏出量 / 〈U〉(秘密などの)漏えい《+『of』+『名』》
インフルエンザ,流感

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/13 18:28:29」(JST)

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CSF rhinorrhoea refers to the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Measures of CSF components such as glucose have been used in the past, but are neither sensitive nor specific; beta-2 transferrin, however, has been shown to have a high positive predictive value. ^[1] It has also been noted to be characterized by unilateral discharge.^[2]

It is a sign of basal skull fracture. Management includes watchful waiting - leaks often stop spontaneously; if this does not occur then neurosurgical closure is necessary to prevent the spread of infection to the meninges.^[3]

Other signs of basal skull fracture includes CSF otorrhoea (drainage of CSF through the ear). It can have devastating complications in some patients, as the communication between the nasal cavity and the cerebrospinal fluid and CNS can result in bacterial infections of the CNS that can have catastrophic effects on the patient.^[4]

CSF rhinorrhoea can also be a symptom of a pituitary adenoma.

References[edit]

^ Kerr JT, Chu FWK, and Bayles SW. Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: Diagnosis and Management. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 1 August 2005 (volume 38 issue 4 Pages 597-611 doi:10.1016/j.otc.2005.03.011)
^ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/861126-overview#a0112
^ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/861126
^ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/861126

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UpToDate Contents

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1. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: Pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnosis
2. 成人における頭蓋骨骨折 skull fractures in adults
3. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: Treatment and prognosis
4. 腰椎穿刺後頭痛 post lumbar puncture headache
5. 中耳外傷の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of middle ear trauma

English Journal

Microvascular decompression for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

Phan K1, Rao PJ2, Dexter M3.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia.J Clin Neurosci.2016 Jul;29:7-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.11.027. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
Microvascular decompression (MVD) has been demonstrated to be an excellent surgical treatment approach in younger patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, it is not clear whether there are additional morbidity and mortality risks for MVD in the elderly population. We performed a systematic
PMID 26944213

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in children: prospective, multicenter results from the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network.

Kulkarni AV1, Riva-Cambrin J2, Holubkov R3, Browd SR4, Cochrane DD5, Drake JM1, Limbrick DD6, Rozzelle CJ7, Simon TD4, Tamber MS8, Wellons JC 3rd9, Whitehead WE10, Kestle JR3; Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network.
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics.J Neurosurg Pediatr.2016 Jun 3:1-7. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is now established as a viable treatment option for a subgroup of children with hydrocephalus. Here, the authors report prospective, multicenter results from the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) to provide the most accurate determination
PMID 27258593

Craniocervical spinal instability after type 1 Arnold Chiari decompression: a case report.

Camino Willhuber GO1, Bosio ST, Puigdevall MH, Halliburton C, Sola CA, Maenza RA.
Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B.J Pediatr Orthop B.2016 Jun 2. [Epub ahead of print]
To present and describe an unusual case of spinal instability after craniocervical spinal decompression for a type-1 Chiari malformation. Type-1 Chiari malformation is a craniocervical disorder characterized by tonsillar displacement greater than 5 mm into the vertebral canal; posterior fossa deco
PMID 27258364

Japanese Journal

Combined Transmastoid/Middle Fossa Approach for Intracranial Extension of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma

TABUCHI Keiji,YAMAMOTO Tetsuya,AKUTSU Hiroyoshi,SUZUKI Kensuke,HARA Akira
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 52(10), 736-740, 2012-10-15
… Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was observed in 1 patient during and after the surgery. … The combined transmastoid/middle fossa approach allowed complete removal of cholesteatoma with middle cranial fossa involvement while preserving hearing and preventing postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and meningitis. …
NAID 10030873424

術後髄液漏に対する閉鎖術 : 筋膜再建とポリグリコール酸フェルト併用

[アベ]松昌彦,井尻幸成,川畑直也,永田政仁,中川路愛弓,田邊史,山元拓哉,石堂康弘,米和徳,小宮節郎
整形外科と災害外科 61(4), 663-664, 2012-09-25
NAID 10031013607

Multiple Intracranial Hemorrhages After Cervical Spinal Surgery

TAKAHASHI Yuichi,NISHIDA Kenki,OGAWA Koichi,YASUHARA Takao,KUMAMOTO Shinji,NIIMURA Tatsuomi,TANOUE Takashi
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 52(9), 643-645, 2012-09-15
… Overdrainage of cerebrospinal fluid through an occult dural tear might cause severely low intracranial pressure with subsequent multiple intracranial hemorrhages. …
NAID 10030873002