頭血腫
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/13 22:30:34」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Cephalohematoma |
| Classification and external resources |
| ICD-10 |
P12 |
| ICD-9 |
767.19 |
A cephalohaematoma (British English) or cephalohematoma (American English) is a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of a newborn baby secondary to rupture of blood vessels crossing the periosteum. Because the swelling is subperiosteal its boundaries are limited by the individual bones, in contrast to a Caput succedaneum.
Contents
- 1 Causes
- 2 Symptoms
- 3 Management
- 4 See also
- 5 External links
Causes
The usual causes of a cephalohematoma are a prolonged second stage of labor or instrumental delivery, particularly ventouse.
Symptoms
If severe the child may develop jaundice, anemia or hypotension. In some cases it may be an indication of a linear skull fracture or be at risk of an infection leading to osteomyelitis or meningitis.
The swelling of a cephalohematoma takes weeks to resolve as the blood clot is slowly absorbed from the periphery towards the centre. In time the swelling hardens (calcification) leaving a relatively softer centre so that it appears as a 'depressed fracture'.
Cephalohematoma should be distinguished from another scalp bleeding called subgaleal hemorrhage (also called subaponeurotic hemorrhage), which is blood between the scalp and skull bone (above the periosteum) and is more extensive. It is more prone to complications, especially anemia and bruising.
Management
No laboratory studies usually are necessary. Vitamin C deficiency has been reported to possibly be associated with development of cephalohematomas. Skull x-ray or CT scanning is used if neurological symptoms appear. Usual management is mainly observation. Phototherapy may be necessary if blood accumulation is significant leading to jaundice. Rarely anaemia can develop needing blood transfusion. Do not aspirate to remove accumulated blood because of the risk of infection and abscess formation. The presence of a bleeding disorder should be considered But is rare. Skull radiography or CT scanning is also used if concomitant depressed skull fracture is a possibility. It may take weeks and months to resolve and disappear completely.
See also
- Caput succedaneum
- Cephal
- Chignon
- Hematoma
- Subgaleal hemorrhage
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Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period / fetal disease (P, 760–779)
|
|
Maternal factors and
complications of pregnancy,
labour and delivery |
| placenta: |
- Placenta praevia
- Placental insufficiency
- Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
|
|
| chorion/amnion: |
|
|
| umbilical cord: |
- Umbilical cord prolapse
- Nuchal cord
- Single umbilical artery
|
|
|
Length of gestation
and fetal growth |
- Small for gestational age/Large for gestational age
- Preterm birth/Postmature birth
- Intrauterine growth restriction
|
|
| Birth trauma |
- scalp
- Cephalhematoma
- Chignon
- Caput succedaneum
- Subgaleal hemorrhage
- Brachial plexus lesion
- Erb's palsy
- Klumpke paralysis
|
|
| By system |
| Respiratory |
- Intrauterine hypoxia
- Infant respiratory distress syndrome
- Transient tachypnea of the newborn
- Meconium aspiration syndrome
- pleural disease
- Pneumothorax
- Pneumomediastinum
- Wilson–Mikity syndrome
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
|
|
| Cardiovascular |
- Pneumopericardium
- Persistent fetal circulation
|
|
Haemorrhagic and
hematologic disease |
- Vitamin K deficiency
- Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
- HDN
- ABO
- Anti-Kell
- Rh c
- Rh D
- Rh E
- Hydrops fetalis
- Hyperbilirubinemia
- Kernicterus
- Neonatal jaundice
- Velamentous cord insertion
- Intraventricular hemorrhage
- Germinal matrix hemorrhage
- Anemia of prematurity
|
|
| Digestive |
- Ileus
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Meconium peritonitis
|
|
Integument and
thermoregulation |
- Erythema toxicum
- Sclerema neonatorum
|
|
| Nervous system |
- Periventricular leukomalacia
|
|
| Musculoskeletal |
- Gray baby syndrome
- muscle tone
- Congenital hypertonia
- Congenital hypotonia
|
|
|
| Infectious |
- Vertically transmitted infection
- Congenital rubella syndrome
- Neonatal herpes simplex
- Omphalitis
- Neonatal sepsis
- Group B streptococcal infection
- Neonatal conjunctivitis
|
|
| Other |
- Perinatal mortality
- Stillbirth
- Infant mortality
- Neonatal withdrawal
|
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|
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External links
- Differentiating Cephalhematoma from Caput Succedaneum
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Endoscopic-assisted treatment of sagittal craniosynostosis and calcified cephalohematoma.
- Nguyen DC, Patel KB, Woo AS, Kane AA, Smyth MD.
- The Journal of craniofacial surgery.J Craniofac Surg.2014 Nov;25(6):2127-9.
- Craniosynostosis and its associated abnormalities can pose unique challenges to surgeons caring for these patients. Cephalohematomas, although rare, add to the complexities of managing a patient with craniosynostosis. Here, we present the case of a 4-month-old male infant with concurrent sagittal cr
- PMID 25329845
- Intracranial hemorrhage in infants with cephalohematoma.
- Kim HM1, Kwon SH, Park SH, Kim YS, Oh KW.
- Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society.Pediatr Int.2014 Jun;56(3):378-81. doi: 10.1111/ped.12255. Epub 2014 Apr 1.
- BACKGROUND: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare birth injury in term infants. Newborn infants with cephalohematoma (CH) associated with ICH, however, have frequently been found incidentally at Kyungpook National University Hospital; many of them had no neurological symptoms. The aim of this stud
- PMID 24274929
- Orbital compression syndrome complicated by epidural hematoma and wide cephalohematoma in a patient with sickle cell disease.
- Ilhan N1, Acipayam C2, Aydogan F3, Atci N4, Ilhan O5, Coskun M5, Daglioglu MC5, Tuzcu EA5.
- Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus / American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.J AAPOS.2014 Apr;18(2):189-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2013.11.011.
- Orbital wall infarctions resulting in orbital and epidural hematomas are rare manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD). We report orbital compression syndrome associated with an epidural hematoma and wide cephalohematoma in a 15-year-old boy with SCD. An infarcted orbital bone was observed on mag
- PMID 24698621
Japanese Journal
- 日形会誌 : 日本形成外科学会会誌 = Journal of Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 32(6), 395-400, 2012-06-20
- NAID 10030792733
- 10) 分娩損傷(19.新生児の管理と治療,D.産科疾患の診断・治療・管理,研修コーナー)
- Escherichia coliによる髄膜炎,敗血症を合併した感染性頭血腫の1例(東京女子医科大学東医療センター小児科開局40周年記念論文集)
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- cephalohematoma、cephalic hematoma
- 関
- 産瘤、帽状腱膜下血腫
概念
- 骨膜と頭蓋骨の間にできる血腫。頭蓋骨骨膜下血腫。
- 骨縫合を超えて広がらない ⇔ 産瘤：産瘤は皮膚と帽状腱膜の間にできるため骨膜と関係なく広がる。
原因
治療・経過・予後
- G10M.302
- 出生後徐々に出現。生後数時間で気づかれることが多い。
- 感染の危険があるので穿刺は原則やらない
- 高ビリルビン血症をきたすことがある
- 生後数週～数ヶ月の経過で消失。
[★]
- 英
- serosanguineous swelling
- ラ
- caput succedaneum
- 同
- 頭産瘤
- 関
- 頭血腫 cephalohematoma、帽状腱膜下血腫