関: calli、callus、corn、tylosis

WordNet

an area of skin that is thick or hard from continual pressure or friction (as the sole of the foot) (同)callus
(botany) an isolated thickening of tissue, especially a stiff protuberance on the lip of an orchid
bony tissue formed during the healing of a fractured bone
cause a callus to form on; "The long march had callused his feet"
form a callus or calluses; "His foot callused"
preserve with salt; "corned beef"
a hard thickening of the skin (especially on the top or sides of the toes) caused by the pressure of ill-fitting shoes (同)clavus
tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times (同)maize, Indian_corn, Zea_mays
(Great Britain) any of various cereal plants (especially the dominant crop of the region--wheat in Great Britain or oats in Scotland and Ireland)
the dried grains or kernels or corn used as animal feed or ground for meal
something sentimental or trite; "that movie was pure corn"
ears of corn that can be prepared and served for human food (同)edible corn
feed (cattle) with corn

PrepTutorEJDIC

皮膚硬結,たこ
皮膚硬結,たこ / (植物体が傷を受けたときにできる)仮皮
〈U〉(米,カナダ,オーストラリアで)『とうもろこし』;〈C〉とうもろこしの実(おもに《英》maize, Indian corn) / 〈U〉《英》《集合的に》『穀草』(wheat, oatsなど);『穀物』,穀類;穀粒 / 〈C〉《話》古くさい(お涙ちょうだい的な)もの(こと) / 〈牛肉など〉'を'塩づけにする
(足指の)たこ,おうのめ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/06 09:12:48」(JST)

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Ischial callosities on a baboon

A callosity is another name for callus, a piece of skin that has become thickened as a result of repeated contact and friction.

Monkeys

When occurring on an animal's buttocks, as with baboons, they are specifically called ischial callosities.^[1] They enable the monkeys to sleep sitting upright on thin branches, beyond reach of predators, without falling.

The ischial callosities are one of the most distinctive pelvic features which separates Old World monkeys from New World monkeys.^[2]

Right whales

Callosities on a Southern Right Whale

In whales, the term callosity refers to the rough, calcified skin patches found on the heads of the three species of right whales. These callosities are a characteristic feature of the Eubalaena genus of whales; because they are found on the head of the whale and appear white against the dark background of the whale's skin, they make it very easy to identify these species. The callosities themselves are grey; the white appearance is due to large colonies of whale lice, barnacles and parasitic worms which reside on them.^[3]^[4] Young whales and diseased individuals are often infested with a different species of cyamid, which gives an orange hue rather than white on these whales.^[5] Callosities arise naturally and are present even in late-term whale fetuses, although the work of lice digging into the surface of the skin may make them more jagged and hard over time.^{[citation needed]}

Callosities are found on the upper surface of the whale's head, above the eyes, on the jawline and chin and surrounding the blowhole.^[5] Callosities form a unique pattern on every right whale and though callosities which are overgrown break off, the patterns do not change over a lifetime. This makes them an extremely useful tool for the purposes of photo-identification and conservation.^[3]

The evolutionary purpose of callosities is unknown. Male right whales have a higher density of callosities than females. Males have been observed scratching one another with their callosities and it has been suggested by Payne & Dorsey (1983) that this is a sexually dimorphic feature used for intra-specific sexual agression.^[6] This explanation is not entirely satisfactory, as it does not account for the appearance of callosities in females.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ "Ischial callosities". MonkeyBuiznezz. Retrieved 2014-02-12.
^ Steudel (1981), p 399
^ ^a ^b "Callosities". New England Aquarium. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
^ Ward, Paul (2001). "Right whales". Cool Antarctica. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Right Whale Research". Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
^ Payne, Roger, and Eleanor M. Dorsey (1983). "Sexual dimorphism and aggressive use of callosities in right whales (Eubalaena australis)". Communication and Behaviour of Whales. pp. 295–329. Retrieved 24 August 2014.

References

Steudel, K (1981). "Functional Aspects of Primate Pelvic Structure: A Multivariate Approach" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 55 (3): 399–410. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330550314. PMID 6791507.
Callosities by Mason T. Weinrich in the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. ISBN 0-12-551340-2.
A Dictionary of Zoology 1999, Oxford University Press 1999

"On Butts and Baboons". Artsibasheva, A. http://monkeybuiznezz.wordpress.com/2012/09/27/on-butts-and-baboons/

This dermatology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

English Journal

Computer assisted planning and custom-made surgical guide for malunited pronation deformity after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: A case report.

Hirao M1, Ikemoto S, Tsuboi H, Akita S, Ohshima S, Saeki Y, Yoshikawa H, Sugamoto K, Murase T, Hashimoto J.
Computer aided surgery : official journal of the International Society for Computer Aided Surgery.Comput Aided Surg.2014 Apr 10. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP-1) joint is a widely used procedure for the treatment of hallux valgus in patients with MTP-1 degeneration, severe or recurrent deformity, or inflammatory arthritis. In this case, ten years earlier, the patient's MTP-1 joint had been fused i
PMID 24720492

Resection of the Fifth Metatarsal Base in the Severe Rigid Cavovarus Foot.

Shariff R1, Myerson MS, Palmanovich E.
Foot & ankle international. / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society.Foot Ankle Int.2014 Apr 7. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Cavovarus deformity associated with neuromuscular imbalance is a challenging pathology. Most of these deformities lead to pressure symptoms at the lateral border of the foot. This leads to pain, callosity, and commonly fracture of the fifth metatarsal base. This study reports the outcome
PMID 24709745

Prospective study of hammertoe correction with an intramedullary implant.

Catena F1, Doty JF, Jastifer J, Coughlin MJ, Stevens F.
Foot & ankle international. / American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle Society.Foot Ankle Int.2014 Apr;35(4):319-25. doi: 10.1177/1071100713519780. Epub 2014 Jan 17.
BACKGROUND: Operative correction of a hammertoe deformity is often accomplished by excision of the articular surface of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and fixation across the joint. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes of hammertoe operative correct
PMID 24443491

A case of gorlin-goltz syndrome presented with psychiatric features.

Mufaddel A1, Alsabousi M2, Salih B2, Alhassani G2, Osman OT3.
Behavioural neurology.Behav Neurol.2014;2014:830874. doi: 10.1155/2014/830874. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
We report a case of a 34-year-old male who presented with an acute onset of pleomorphic psychiatric features. Upon examination we later diagnosed him with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome based on clinical and radiological findings that are characteristic for this rare autosomal dominant syndrome. His psychiat
PMID 24803734

Japanese Journal

Boundary zone between northern and southern pig-tailed macaques and their morphological differences

Malaivijitnond Suchinda,Arsaithamkul Visit,Tanaka Hiroyuki [他],POMCHOTE Porrawee,JAROENPORN Sukanya,SURYOBROTO Bambang,HAMADA Yuzuru
Primates : journal of primatology 53(4), 377-389, 2012-10-01
NAID 10031123950

症例足底胼胝部に一致して発生した有痛性の足底類表皮囊胞の2例

榊原醸,渡邉耕太,武田真太郎 [他]
整形・災害外科 55(7), 925-928, 2012-06
NAID 40019344598

腋窩動脈損傷を伴う胸腔内貫通刺創(杙創)の1例

植田真三久,岡村雅雄,富原英生,村田晃一,谷村信宏,岩永幸一郎
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 24(5), 76-80, 2010-07-15
症例は37歳男性，泥酔状態で2週間前に自転車から転倒し右上腕挫創を受傷した．近医にて縫合処置を受けたが抜糸時に創出血を認めたため当院紹介となった．来院時の理学所見にて右呼吸音が消失しており，胸部CTにて右胸腔内全体に液体貯留を認めた．肋骨骨折と肺挫傷による血胸の診断で入院となり，胸腔ドレナージを行ったが，肺膨張が得られないため手術となった．麻酔導入時に右上腕創部より拍出性の出血を認め，圧迫止血の後 …
NAID 10026485301