WordNet

touch lightly and briefly; "He brushed the wall lightly"
the act of brushing your hair; "he gave his hair a quick brush" (同)brushing
the act of brushing your teeth; "the dentist recommended two brushes a day" (同)brushing
a minor short-term fight (同)clash, encounter, skirmish
a bushy tail or part of a bushy tail (especially of the fox)
an implement that has hairs or bristles firmly set into a handle
conducts current between rotating and stationary parts of a generator or motor
contact with something dangerous or undesirable; "I had a brush with danger on my way to work"; "he tried to avoid any brushes with the police"
a dense growth of bushes (同)brushwood, coppice, copse, thicket
momentary contact (同)light_touch
sweep across or over; "Her long skirt brushed the floor"; "A gasp swept cross the audience" (同)sweep
clean with a brush; "She brushed the suit before hanging it back into the closet"
cover by brushing; "brush the bread with melted butter"
remove with or as if with a brush; "brush away the crumbs"; "brush the dust from the jacket"; "brush aside the objections"
rub with a brush, or as if with a brush; "Johnson brushed the hairs from his jacket"
small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
touched lightly in passing; grazed against; "of all the people brushed against in a normal day on a city street I remember not a one"
(of fabrics) having soft nap produced by brushing; "a dress of brushed cotton"; "a fleecy lining"; "napped fabrics" (同)fleecy, napped
(of hair or clothing) groomed with a brush; "with shining hair neatly brushed"; "the freshly brushed clothes hung in the closet"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『ブラシ』,『はけ』,毛筆,画筆 / ブラシをかけること;絵筆を使うこと,画法 / ブラシに似た物;キツネのしっぽなど / 小ぜり合い,いざこざ / (…が)さっとかすること《+『of』+『名』》 / (モーターの)ブラシ,刷子 / …‘に'『ブラシをかける』,'を'ブラシでこする(みがく,払う) / (ブラシをかけるようにして,手で)…'を'払いのける / (通りすがりに)…'を'さっとかする / (…を)かすめて通る,かする《+『past』(『by』,『against』)+『名』》
《米》《オーストラリア》しば,小枝 / やぶ,茂み
(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/17 15:39:23」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Duodenum with brush border (microvillus)

Illustration of the brush border membrane of small intestinal villi

A brush border (or striated border or brush border membrane) is the name for the microvilli-covered surface of simple cuboidal epithelium and simple columnar epithelium cells found in certain locations of the body. Microvilli are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter and their length varies from approximately 100 to 2,000 nanometers in length. Because individual microvilli are so small and are tightly packed in the brush border, individual microvilli can only be resolved using electron microscopes;^[1] with a light microscope they can usually only be seen collectively as a fuzzy fringe at the surface of the epithelium. This fuzzy appearance gave rise to the term brush border, as early anatomists noted that this structure appeared very much like the bristles of a paintbrush.

Brush border cells are found in two main locations:

The small intestine tract: This is where absorption takes place.^[2]^[3]^[4] The brush borders of the intestinal lining are the site of terminal carbohydrate digestions. The microvilli that constitute the brush border have enzymes for this final part of digestion anchored into their apical plasma membrane as integral membrane proteins. These enzymes are found near to the transporters that will then allow absorption of the digested nutrients.

The kidney: Here the brush border is useful in distinguishing the proximal tubule (which possesses the brush border) from the distal tubule (which does not).^[5]^[6]

The brush border morphology increases a cell's surface area, a trait which is especially useful in absorptive cells. Cells that absorb substances need a large surface area in contact with the substance to be efficient.^[7]

In intestinal cells, the microvilli are referred to as striated border and are protoplasmic extensions contrary to villi which are submucosal folds, while in the kidneys, microvilli are referred to as brush border.^[8]

References

^ Histology image:21901loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.
^ Histology image:12202loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.
^ Histology image:11703loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.
^ Basic Histology - Intestinal Columnar Epithelium
^ Histology image: 35_19 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center - Kidney
^ Histology at KUMC urinary-renal13 "Tubules"
^ Southern Illinois School of Medicine: Specialized GI Cells
^ Ross, Michael H. Histology : a text and atlas / Michael H. Ross, Wojech Pawlina., -5th ed. p 102.

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1. 末梢性T細胞リンパ腫の初期治療 initial treatment of peripheral t cell lymphoma
2. 成人における赤血球輸血：保管、専門的調整、および輸血パラメータ red blood cell transfusion in adults storage specialized modifications and infusion parameters
3. 皮下蜂窩織炎様T細胞性リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of subcutaneous panniculitis like t cell lymphoma
4. ALK陽性未分化大細胞型リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma alk positive
5. B細胞前リンパ球性白血病の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of b cell prolymphocytic leukemia

English Journal

Impact of electrode configurations on retention time and domestic wastewater treatment efficiency using microbial fuel cells.

Kim KY1, Yang W1, Logan BE2.
Water research.Water Res.2015 Sep 1;80:41-6. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.021. Epub 2015 May 14.
Efficient treatment of domestic wastewater under continuous flow conditions using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) requires hydraulic retention times (HRTs) that are similar to or less than those of conventional methods such as activated sludge. Two MFCs in series were compared at theoretical HRTs of 8.8
PMID 25996751

Rapid and sensitive detection of multiple microRNAs in cell lysate by low-fouling surface plasmon resonance biosensor.

Vaisocherová H1, Šípová H1, Víšová I1, Bocková M1, Špringer T1, Laura Ermini M1, Song X1, Krejčík Z2, Chrastinová L2, Pastva O2, Pimková K3, Dostálová Merkerová M2, Dyr JE2, Homola J4.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2015 Aug 15;70:226-31. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.038. Epub 2015 Mar 17.
We report an ultra-low fouling surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) biosensor for the rapid simultaneous detection of multiple miRNAs in erythrocyte lysate (EL) at subpicomolar levels without need of RNA extraction. The SPRi chips were coated with ultra-low fouling functionalizable poly(carboxyb
PMID 25829219

Biocompatibility of poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) brush surfaces for adherent lung cell lines.

Tait A1, Fisher AL2, Hartland T2, Smart D1, Glynne-Jones P3, Hill M3, Swindle EJ4, Grossel M2, Davies DE5.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2015 Aug;61:26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.059. Epub 2015 May 14.
Development of synthetic surfaces that are highly reproducible and biocompatible for in vitro cell culture offers potential for development of improved models for studies of cellular physiology and pathology. They may also be useful in tissue engineering by removal of the need for biologically-deri
PMID 25993014

Japanese Journal

Phospholipid Polymer-covered Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tracking Intracellular Molecular Reaction

, ,
Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 39(4), 427-430, 2014
… The objective of this study is to manufacture novel magnetic polymer nanoparticles with phospholipid polymer brush layers and functional groups to regulate the interactions with intercellular biomolecules or cells. … To prevent the non-specific interaction with intracellular biomolecules, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)) brush layer was constructed on the nanoparticles by surface-initiated atom radical polymerization. …
NAID 130005004373

非典型的な硬化性胆管炎が疑われた若年発症の限局性胆管狭窄の1例

松村公男,今村綱男,田村哲男,小泉優子,小山里香子,松田正道,竹内和男
Progress of Digestive Endoscopy 85(1), 142-143, 2014
… Bile juice and brush cytology performed during the ERCP revealed no evidence of malignancy. … A biopsy of the stricture lesion showed inflammatory cell infiltration and mild fibrosis. …
NAID 130004985561