WordNet

having one or more incisions reaching nearly to the midrib (同)dissected
a split or indentation in something (as the palate or chin)
a musical notation written on a staff indicating the pitch of the notes following it
a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure
of or relating to gills (or to parts of the body derived from embryonic gills)

PrepTutorEJDIC

cleaveの過去・過去分詞 / (地面・岩などの)裂け目,割れ目,ひび
(楽譜の五線上の最初に付ける)音部記号
胞嚢(ほうのう)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/04 06:12:19」(JST)

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A branchial cleft cyst is a congenital epithelial cyst that arises on the lateral part of the neck due to failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft (or failure of fusion of the second and third branchial arches) in embryonic development.

Pathology

The cyst wall is composed of either squamous or columnar cells with lymphoid infiltrate, often with prominent germinal centers. The cyst may contain granular and keratinaceous cellular debris. Cholesterol crystals may be found in the fluid extracted from a branchial cyst.

Pathophysiology

Branchial cleft cysts are remnants of embryonic development and result from a failure of obliteration of one of the branchial clefts, which in fish develop into gills.^[1]^[2]

Types

First branchial cleft fistulae typically originate in the angle of the mandible and extend to the external auditory canal. They are often associated with the facial nerve. Rare ~5%.
Second branchial cleft fistulae are most common (~95%). They are found along the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle, pass through the carotid bifurcation and into the tonsillar pillar.
Third and fourth branchial cleft fistulae are rare. The external opening occurs about 2/3 of the way down the SCM anteriorly, similar to second branchial cleft cysts. The tract ascends along the carotid sheath posteriorly to the internal carotid artery, under the glossopharyngeal nerve, and over the vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve to open into the piriform sinus.

Symptoms

Most branchial cleft fistulae are asymptomatic, but they may become infected. The cyst, however, usually presents as a smooth, slowly enlarging lateral neck mass that may increase in size after an upper respiratory tract infection.^[3]

Treatment

Bilateral branchial cleft sinuses during surgery.

Conservative (i.e. no treatment), or surgical excision. As complete surgical excision may be difficult (due to the close proximity of the internal jugular vein and carotid vessels that lie deep to the swelling), they can recur.^[4]

References

^ Hong, Chih-ho. Branchial cleft cyst. eMedicine.com. URL: http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic61.htm. Accessed on: August 24, 2008.
^ Shubin, Neil "Your Inner Fish" 2009
^ Colman, Rebecca (2008). Toronto Notes. pp. OT33.
^ Waldhausen JH (May 2006). "Branchial cleft and arch anomalies in children". Seminars in pediatric surgery 15 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2006.02.002. PMID 16616308.

External links

Cervical Cysts, Sinuses, and other Neck Lesions
Pictures and Imaging of Branchial Cleft Cysts

Additional Images of Branchial Cleft Cysts

UpToDate Contents

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1. 頚部腫瘤の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of a neck mass
2. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx
3. 頚部腫瘤の評価 evaluation of a neck mass
4. 甲状舌管嚢胞および異所性甲状腺 thyroglossal duct cysts and ectopic thyroid
5. 感染症を繰り返す小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with recurrent infections

English Journal

Branchial cyst carcinoma revisited: stem cells, dormancy and malignant transformation.

Banikas V, Kyrgidis A, Koloutsos G, Sakkas L, Antoniades K.SourceFrom the *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry; and †Department of Histopathology, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery.J Craniofac Surg.2011 May;22(3):918-21.
PURPOSE: : Branchial cleft cysts are among the most common causes for a congenital neck mass. Branchial cleft cyst carcinoma (BCCC) is a type of cancer that arises from cells within these cysts. Despite the distinct criteria that have been reported for its diagnosis, BCCC remains a controversial ent
PMID 21558916

Pathology quiz case 3. First branchial apparatus cyst, type II.

Shuman AG, Nelson ME, Rabah R, Thorne MC.SourceUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2011 Apr;137(4):412, 415.
PMID 21502487

Japanese Journal

嚢胞性疾患に対するOK-432療法 : その適応と限界

太田伸男
耳鼻咽喉科免疫アレルギー 28(4), 285-289, 2010-12-30
NAID 10027692721

下顎部および頸部に生じた鰓裂由来の側頸瘻・側頸嚢胞の2症例

後藤浩之,仲沢弘明,本田隆司,下田勝巳,櫻井裕之
東京女子医科大学雑誌 80(12), 370-375, 2010-12-25
頸瘻・側頸嚢胞は、胎生期に鰓弓を分けている鰓裂の遺残に起因する先天性疾患であり、発生頻度は10万人に1人とされ、本邦でもその報告が散見されるが、形成外科領域においてはいまだ比較的稀な疾患である。今回、我々は発生由来の異なる側頸瘻・側頸嚢胞の2症例を治療する経験を得たので、若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する。症例1:34歳、女性。幼少時より下顎部に腫瘤を認め、排膿を繰り返していた。MRIにて耳下腺浅葉 …
NAID 110007881699

「鰓原性嚢胞」

Branchial arch fistula
	Fistulography of a right branchial cleft sinus.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	medical genetics
ICD-10	Q18.0 (ILDS Q18.020)
OMIM	113600
DiseasesDB	1588
MedlinePlus	001396
eMedicine	derm/61 radio/107
	[edit on Wikidata]