WordNet

a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure
of or relating to gills (or to parts of the body derived from embryonic gills)

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胞嚢(ほうのう)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/20 11:39:29」(JST)

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A branchial cleft cyst is a congenital epithelial cyst that arises on the lateral part of the neck due to failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft (or failure of fusion of the second and third branchial arches) in embryonic development.

Pathology

The cyst wall is composed of either squamous or columnar cells with lymphoid infiltrate, often with prominent germinal centers. The cyst may contain granular and keratinaceous cellular debris. Cholesterol crystals may be found in the fluid extracted from a branchial cyst.

Pathophysiology

Branchial cleft cysts are remnants of embryonic development and result from a failure of obliteration of one of the branchial clefts, which in fish develop into gills.^[1]^[2]

Types

First branchial cleft fistulae typically originate in the angle of the mandible and extend to the external auditory canal. They are often associated with the facial nerve. Rare ~5%.
Second branchial cleft fistulae are most common (~95%). They are found along the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle, pass through the carotid bifurcation and into the tonsillar pillar.
Third and fourth branchial cleft fistulae are rare. The external opening occurs about 2/3 of the way down the SCM anteriorly, similar to second branchial cleft cysts. The tract ascends along the carotid sheath posteriorly to the internal carotid artery, under the glossopharyngeal nerve, and over the vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve to open into the piriform sinus.

Symptoms

Most branchial cleft fistulae are asymptomatic, but they may become infected. The cyst, however, usually presents as a smooth, slowly enlarging lateral neck mass that may increase in size after an upper respiratory tract infection.^[3]

Treatment

Bilateral branchial cleft sinuses during surgery.

Conservative (i.e. no treatment), or surgical excision. As complete surgical excision may be difficult (due to the close proximity of the internal jugular vein and carotid vessels that lie deep to the swelling), they can recur.^[4]

References

^ Hong, Chih-ho. Branchial cleft cyst. eMedicine.com. URL: http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic61.htm. Accessed on: August 24, 2008.
^ Shubin, Neil "Your Inner Fish" 2009
^ Colman, Rebecca (2008). Toronto Notes. pp. OT33.
^ Waldhausen JH (May 2006). "Branchial cleft and arch anomalies in children". Seminars in pediatric surgery 15 (2): 64–9. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2006.02.002. PMID 16616308.

External links

Cervical Cysts, Sinuses, and other Neck Lesions
Pictures and Imaging of Branchial Cleft Cysts

Additional Images of Branchial Cleft Cysts

UpToDate Contents

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1. 頚部腫瘤の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of a neck mass
2. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx
3. 頚部腫瘤の評価 evaluation of a neck mass
4. 甲状舌管嚢胞および異所性甲状腺 thyroglossal duct cysts and ectopic thyroid
5. 小児における耳漏（耳だれ）の評価 evaluation of otorrhea ear discharge in children

English Journal

A pilot study evaluating real-time shear wave ultrasound elastography of miscellaneous non-nodal neck masses in a routine head and neck ultrasound clinic.

Bhatia KS, Yuen EH, Cho CC, Tong CS, Lee YY, Ahuja AT.SourceDepartment of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong c/o Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Ultrasound in medicine & biology.Ultrasound Med Biol.2012 Jun;38(6):933-42. Epub 2012 Apr 13.
A pilot study was performed to evaluate shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) for miscellaneous non-nodal/salivary/thyroid neck lesions. Forty-six lesions undergoing conventional sonography also underwent SWE. Elastic moduli from the stiffest areas in lesions were correlated with diagnosis. Forty
PMID 22502891

An unusual presentation of presentation of a branchial cleft cyst.

Vemula R, Greco G.SourceFrom the *Department of Surgery and †Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery.J Craniofac Surg.2012 May;23(3):e270-2.
ABSTRACT: Branchial cleft cysts are congenital anomalies that arise from the aberrant embryological development of the branchial apparatus. The location of a branchial cleft cyst is determined by which branchial cleft failed to obliterate during embryological development, with the second branchial c
PMID 22627457

Japanese Journal

嚢胞性疾患に対するOK-432療法 : その適応と限界

太田伸男
耳鼻咽喉科免疫アレルギー 28(4), 285-289, 2010-12-30
NAID 10027692721

下顎部および頸部に生じた鰓裂由来の側頸瘻・側頸嚢胞の2症例

後藤浩之,仲沢弘明,本田隆司,下田勝巳,櫻井裕之
東京女子医科大学雑誌 80(12), 370-375, 2010-12-25
頸瘻・側頸嚢胞は、胎生期に鰓弓を分けている鰓裂の遺残に起因する先天性疾患であり、発生頻度は10万人に1人とされ、本邦でもその報告が散見されるが、形成外科領域においてはいまだ比較的稀な疾患である。今回、我々は発生由来の異なる側頸瘻・側頸嚢胞の2症例を治療する経験を得たので、若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する。症例1:34歳、女性。幼少時より下顎部に腫瘤を認め、排膿を繰り返していた。MRIにて耳下腺浅葉 …
NAID 110007881699

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「鰓原性嚢胞」
関連記事	「branchia」「branchial」

「鰓原性嚢胞」

Branchial arch fistula
	Fistulography of a right branchial cleft sinus.
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	Q18.0 (ILDS Q18.020)
OMIM	113600
DiseasesDB	1588
MedlinePlus	001396
eMedicine	derm/61 radio/107