WordNet

smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea
sweeten with sugar; "sugar your tea" (同)saccharify
a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative (同)refined sugar
with sweetening added (同)sweetened, sweet, sweet-flavored

PrepTutorEJDIC

『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
〈U〉砂糖 / 〈C〉(1個・さじ1杯の)砂糖 / 〈U〉庶糖 / 《話》(恋人に対して呼び掛けて)ねえ / …‘に'砂糖を混ぜる(かける);…‘に'砂糖を加えて甘くする
純血の,純種の / 《複合語を作って》「…の血(性質)を持った」の意を表す
(光・温度・放射能などの)感知器

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人糖尿病患者のマネージメントにおける血糖の自己モニタリング（SMBG） blood glucose self monitoring in management of adults with diabetes mellitus
2. 成人の1型糖尿病における血糖値マネージメント management of blood glucose in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
3. 乳児および小児における低血糖に対するアプローチ approach to hypoglycemia in infants and children
4. 糖尿病の治療における低血糖のマネージメント management of hypoglycemia during treatment of diabetes mellitus
5. インスリン分泌および膵β細胞の機能 insulin secretion and pancreatic beta cell function

English Journal

A paper disk equipped with graphene/polyaniline/Au nanoparticles/glucose oxidase biocomposite modified screen-printed electrode: toward whole blood glucose determination.

Kong FY1, Gu SX2, Li WW1, Chen TT1, Xu Q3, Wang W4.Author information 1School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.2School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.3College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.4School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China. Electronic address: wangw@ycit.edu.cn.AbstractIn this work, a convenient, fast, low cost, small sample volume and in situ detection of glucose in human whole blood has been developed by using a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) coupled with a paper disk. To perform the assay, the SPCE was modified with graphene/polyaniline/Au nanoparticles/glucose oxidase (Gr/PANI/AuNPs/GOD) biocomposite and then covered by a paper disk impregnated with the sample. After introducing PBS on the paper disk, the electrochemical measurement was carried out. The assay was based on measuring the current decrease of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in GOD provoked by the enzyme-substrate reaction using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The analytical performance was comparable to conventional methods, and covered the full range of clinically relevant concentrations of glucose in whole blood. This new paper-based electrochemical glucose sensor shows promise in applying point-of-care (POC) device in whole blood tests, and particularly being appropriate for use in the developing world and in resource-limited settings.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Jun 15;56:77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.067. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
In this work, a convenient, fast, low cost, small sample volume and in situ detection of glucose in human whole blood has been developed by using a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) coupled with a paper disk. To perform the assay, the SPCE was modified with graphene/polyaniline/Au na
PMID 24469540

A droplet-based microfluidic electrochemical sensor using platinum-black microelectrode and its application in high sensitive glucose sensing.

Gu S1, Lu Y2, Ding Y3, Li L2, Song H4, Wang J4, Wu Q5.Author information 1Department of chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Technical Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Shanghai 200135, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.2Department of chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.3Department of chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: wdingyp@sina.com.4School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.5Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.AbstractWe describe a droplet-based microfluidic electrochemical sensor using platinum-black (Pt-black) microelectrode. Pt-black microelectrode was generated by electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles on bare Pt microelectrode. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image displays a flower-like microstructure of Pt nanoparticels. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) indicate that the Pt-black efficiently decreased the charge transfer resistance and improved the electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Compared with bare Pt microelectrode, the current response on Pt-black microelectrode increased 10.2 folds. The effect of applied potential and electrodeposition time has been investigated in detail. The proposed sensor was validated by performing enzyme activity assay in flowing droplets. For demonstration, glucose oxidase (GOx) is chosen as the model enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidation of β-D-glucose to the product H2O2. The enzyme activity of GOx was evaluated by measuring the electrochemical current responding to various glucose concentrations. And the results indicate that this microfluidic sensor holds great potential in fabricating novel glucose sensors with linear response up to 43.5mM. The analytical applications of the droplet-based microfluidic sensor were tested by using human blood serum samples. Reproducibility, interferences, and long-term stability of the modiﬁed electrode were also investigated. The present approach shows the feasibility and great potentials in constructing highly sensitive and low-consumption sensors in the field of droplet microfluidics.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 May 15;55:106-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.002. Epub 2013 Dec 10.
We describe a droplet-based microfluidic electrochemical sensor using platinum-black (Pt-black) microelectrode. Pt-black microelectrode was generated by electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles on bare Pt microelectrode. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image displays a flower-like microstructure of
PMID 24368227

Impact of sensor and measurement timing errors on model-based insulin sensitivity.

Pretty CG1, Signal M2, Fisk L3, Penning S4, Le Compte A5, Shaw GM6, Desaive T7, Chase JG8.Author information 1University of Liege, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Liege, Belgium. Electronic address: c.pretty@ulg.ac.be.2University of Canterbury, Centre for Bioengineering, Christchurch, New Zealand. Electronic address: matthew.signal@pg.canterbury.ac.nz.3University of Canterbury, Centre for Bioengineering, Christchurch, New Zealand. Electronic address: liam.fisk@pg.canterbury.ac.nz.4University of Liege, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Liege, Belgium. Electronic address: sophie.penning@ulg.ac.be.5University of Canterbury, Centre for Bioengineering, Christchurch, New Zealand. Electronic address: aaron.lecompte@canterbury.ac.nz.6Christchurch Hospital, Department of Intensive Care, Christchurch, New Zealand. Electronic address: geoff.shaw@cdhb.govt.nz.7University of Liege, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Liege, Belgium. Electronic address: tdesaive@ulg.ac.be.8University of Canterbury, Centre for Bioengineering, Christchurch, New Zealand. Electronic address: geoff.chase@canterbury.ac.nz.AbstractA model-based insulin sensitivity parameter (SI) is often used in glucose-insulin system models to define the glycaemic response to insulin. As a parameter identified from clinical data, insulin sensitivity can be affected by blood glucose (BG) sensor error and measurement timing error, which can subsequently impact analyses or glycaemic variability during control. This study assessed the impact of both measurement timing and BG sensor errors on identified values of SI and its hour-to-hour variability within a common type of glucose-insulin system model. Retrospective clinical data were used from 270 patients admitted to the Christchurch Hospital ICU between 2005 and 2007 to identify insulin sensitivity profiles. We developed error models for the Abbott Optium Xceed glucometer and measurement timing from clinical data. The effect of these errors on the re-identified insulin sensitivity was investigated by Monte-Carlo analysis. The results of the study show that timing errors in isolation have little clinically significant impact on identified SI level or variability. The clinical impact of changes to SI level induced by combined sensor and timing errors is likely to be significant during glycaemic control. Identified values of SI were mostly (90th percentile) within 29% of the true value when influenced by both sources of error. However, these effects may be overshadowed by physiological factors arising from the critical condition of the patients or other under-modelled or un-modelled dynamics. Thus, glycaemic control protocols that are designed to work with data from glucometers need to be robust to these errors and not be too aggressive in dosing insulin.
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine.Comput Methods Programs Biomed.2014 May;114(3):e79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.08.007. Epub 2013 Sep 2.
A model-based insulin sensitivity parameter (SI) is often used in glucose-insulin system models to define the glycaemic response to insulin. As a parameter identified from clinical data, insulin sensitivity can be affected by blood glucose (BG) sensor error and measurement timing error, which can su
PMID 24074543

Japanese Journal

生体信号の情報処理のためのプラットフォームについて

長嶋洋一
研究報告音楽情報科学（MUS） 2015-MUS-106(14), 1-6, 2015-02-23
… I introduce the biological information processing system that implements the new EMG sensor and the new mbed-platform. … The target examples of biological information are blood flow / pulse, EEG, ECG, respiration, body temperature, blood pressure, attitude, galvanic skin resistance, blood sugar levels, and EMG. …
NAID 170000093211

生体信号の情報処理のためのプラットフォームについて

長嶋洋一
研究報告エンタテインメントコンピューティング（EC） 2015-EC-35(14), 1-6, 2015-02-23
… I introduce the biological information processing system that implements the new EMG sensor and the new mbed-platform. … The target examples of biological information are blood flow / pulse, EEG, ECG, respiration, body temperature, blood pressure, attitude, galvanic skin resistance, blood sugar levels, and EMG. …
NAID 170000093185

生体信号の情報処理のためのプラットフォームについて

長嶋洋一
情報処理学会研究報告. [音楽情報科学] 2015-MUS-106(14), 1-6, 2015-02-23
筋電情報など生体信号の情報処理に関して,マイクロエレクトロニクスとオープンソースの進展により登場した新たなプラットフォームについて検討するとともに,新・筋電センサ回路を実装した生体情報処理システムについて紹介する.検討の対象とした生体情報は,血流/脈拍・脳波・心電・呼吸・体温・血圧・姿勢・皮膚電気抵抗・血糖値・筋電など約 10 種類,マイコン・プラットフォームは AKI-H8・Arduino・Pr …
NAID 110009877966