blood sample

• 血液試料、血液サンプル

WordNet

1. smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
2. temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
3. people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
4. the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea
5. take a sample of; "Try these new crackers"; "Sample the regional dishes" (同)try, try out, taste
6. a small part of something intended as representative of the whole
7. all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class
8. (statistics) the selection of a suitable sample for study
9. measurement at regular intervals of the amplitude of a varying waveform (in order to convert it to digital form)

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
2. (…の)『見本』,標本《+『of』+『名』》 / (…の)『実例』(example)《+『of』+『名』》 / (無料で進呈する)試供品,サンプル / 見本の,標本の / …‘の'見本をとる;(見本をとって)…‘を'試す(調べる,判断する) / …‘を'実際に試す
3. 純血の,純種の / 《複合語を作って》「…の血(性質)を持った」の意を表す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/11 14:27:42」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Sampling.

In medicine, sampling is gathering of matter from the body to aid in the process of a medical diagnosis and/or evaluation of an indication for treatment, further medical tests or other procedures. In this sense, the sample is the gathered matter, and the sampling tool or sampler is the person or material to collect the sample.

Sampling is a prerequisite for many medical tests, but generally not for medical history, physical examination and radiologic tests.

By sampling technique

• Obtaining excretions or materials that leave the body anyway, such as urine, stool, sputum, or vomitus, by direct collection as they exit. A sample of saliva can also be collected from the mouth.
• Cutting, which is a common method for the removal of solid or soft tissue targets.
• Puncture (also called centesis) followed by aspiration is the main method used for sampling of many types of tissues and body fluids. Examples are thoracocentesis to sample pleural fluid, and amniocentesis to sample amniotic fluid. The main method of centesis, in turn, is fine needle aspiration, but there are also somewhat differently designed needles, such as for bone marrow aspiration. Puncture without aspiration may suffice in, for example, capillary blood sampling.
• Scraping or swiping. In a Pap test, cells are scraped off with a spatula that is inserted transvaginally without having to puncture any tissue. Epithelial cells for DNA testing can be obtained by swiping the inside of a cheek in a mouth with a swab.

Biopsy or cytopathology

In terms of sampling technique, a biopsy generally refers to a preparation where the normal tissue structure is preserved, availing for examination of both individual cells and their organization, while a sample for cytopathology is prepared primarily for the examination of individual cells, not necessarily preserving the tissue structure. Examples of biopsy procedures are bone marrow biopsy, brain biopsy, skin biopsy and liver biopsy.

By sampled matter

Different types of matter that are sampled can be categorized by solidness versus fluidity, such as:

• Solid tissue, such as in bone marrow biopsy
• Soft tissue, such as in a muscle biopsy
• Body fluids

Body fluid sampling

Body fluid sampling include:

• Blood sampling for any blood test, including:
  • Arterial blood sampling, such as by radial artery puncture. This can be done for arterial blood gas analysis.
  • Capillary blood sampling, generally by using a blood lancet for puncture, followed by sampling by capillary action with a test strip or small pipe. This is common for routine diabetic monitoring for glucose.
  • Venous blood sampling, also called venipuncture. Other than routine diabetic monitoring for glucose, the majority of blood tests are done on samples of venous blood taken by a phlebotomist or similar worker. Such samples are commonly collected in capped test tubes, often with a small amount of some sort of preservative.
• Cerebrospinal fluid sampling, generally by lumbar puncture
• Pleural fluid sampling, generally by thoracocentesis
• Amniotic fluid sampling, generally by amniocentesis
• Peritoneal fluid sampling, generally by peritoneocentesis (also called laparocentesis). It can be used for cytology to detect spread of gynecologic cancers.

By component of interest

The sampled matter can be analyzed for various components, for example:

• Electrolytes
• Proteins
• cells, such as white blood cells in blood sampling
• Microbiological agents, such as bacteria or fungi

Microbiological sampling

Microbiological sampling include:

• Blood sampling for blood cultures, performed similarly as that for tests on the fluid itself above
• Throat swab for throat culture. It's performed by applying a cotton swab to the surface of the throat.
• Sampling of sputum from the lungs for sputum culture. It can be performed by special techniques of coughing, or by a protected specimen brush (PSB), which is a brush that can be retracted into a plastic tube to prevent contamination of bacteria in the throat while inserting and removing the instrument.

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 動脈血液ガス arterial blood gases
• 2. 静脈血ガスおよび動脈血液ガスの代替 venous blood gases and other alternatives to arterial blood gases
• 3. 胎児の採血 fetal blood sampling
• 4. 小児における動脈穿刺および動脈ライン挿入 arterial puncture and cannulation in children
• 5. 米国における真菌による中枢神経系感染症および骨関節感染症のアウトブレイク：疫学、
  臨床症状および診断 outbreak of fungal central nervous system and osteoarticular infections in the united states epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis

English Journal

• Colostral antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity contributes to innate and antigen-specific immunity in piglets.

• Bandrick M1, Ariza-Nieto C2, Baidoo SK3, Molitor TW4.Author information 1Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States. Electronic address: bandrick@umn.edu.2Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Waseca, MN 56093, United States. Electronic address: cariza@corpoica.org.co.3Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Waseca, MN 56093, United States. Electronic address: skbaidoo@umn.edu.4Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States. Electronic address: molit001@umn.edu.AbstractImmunoglobulins and immune cells are critical components of colostral immunity; however, their transfer to and function in the neonate, especially maternal lymphocytes, is unclear. Cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity in sow blood and colostrum and piglet blood before (PS) and after (AS) suckling were assessed to investigate transfer and function of maternal immunity in the piglet. CD4, CD8, and γδ lymphocytes were found in sow blood and colostrum and piglet blood PS and AS; each had a unique T lymphocyte profile. Immunoglobulins were detected in sow blood, colostrum, and in piglet blood AS; the immunoglobulin profile of piglet serum AS mimicked that of sow serum. These results suggest selectivity in lymphocyte concentration into colostrum and subsequent lymphocyte transfer into the neonate, but that immunoglobulin transfer is unimpeded. Assessment of colostral natural killer activity and antigen-specific proliferation revealed that colostral cells are capable of influencing the innate and specific immune response of neonatal pigs.
• Developmental and comparative immunology.Dev Comp Immunol.2014 Mar;43(1):114-20. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.11.005. Epub 2013 Nov 16.
• Immunoglobulins and immune cells are critical components of colostral immunity; however, their transfer to and function in the neonate, especially maternal lymphocytes, is unclear. Cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity in sow blood and colostrum and piglet blood before (PS) and after (AS) suc
• PMID 24252519

• Improved liquid-liquid extraction with inter-well volume replacement dilution workflow and its application to quantify BMS-927711 in rat dried blood spots by UHPLC-MS/MS.

• Zheng N1, Zeng J2, Ji QC3, Angeles A3, Buzescu A3, Basdeo S3, Aubry AF3, Trouba K4, Patrone LM5, Peng Q5, Arnold ME3.Author information 1Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA. Electronic address: naiyu.zheng@bms.com.2Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA. Electronic address: jianing.zeng@bms.com.3Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.4Drug Safety Evaluation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Mt. Vernon, IN 47620, USA.5Drug Safety Evaluation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.AbstractAn UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify BMS-927711, a drug candidate to treat migraine, in rat dried blood spots (DBS). The DBS samples were extracted using an improved liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) strategy involving in the sonication of DBS punches in 20% MeOH aqueous solution containing the internal standard, [(13)C2, D4]-BMS-927711, and then with a 100mM NH4OAc buffer solution, followed by an automated LLE with EtOAc-hexane (70:30, v/v). The presence of 20% MeOH as an organic modifier in the elution solution significantly improved the analyte elution efficiency and assay performance. A novel inter-well volume replacement dilution workflow was introduced for DBS sample dilution before LLE step. This was a simple two-step process, firstly a small portion of the DBS blank solution was discarded, and then the same volume of a concentrated DBS sample solution was spiked into the leftover blank solution to achieve a desired dilution. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acuity UPLC(®) BEH C18 column (2.1mm×50mm, 1.7μm) and the analyte was detected by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) with positive electrospray ionization on an AB Sciex Triple Quad 5500 mass spectrometer. The standard curve was linear from 5.00 to 5000ng/mL with assay precision ≤4.9% CV, and assay accuracy within ±3.1%Dev of the nominal values. Accurate sample dilution was achieved by using inter-well volume replacement with a precision of ≤4.2% CV and an accuracy of ±3.3% for dilution QC at 50,000ng/mL with 100-fold dilution (n=18). This robust UHPLC-MS/MS assay has been successfully applied to the non-clinical studies in rats. By using inter-well volume replacement workflow, accurate dilution was demonstrated using only one DBS blank sample for a typical dilution of <50-fold, and using only two blank DBS samples for a dilution of up to 625-fold. Moreover, this new workflow makes it easier to automate DBS sample dilution.
• Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.J Pharm Biomed Anal.2014 Feb 15;89:240-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.11.017. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
• An UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify BMS-927711, a drug candidate to treat migraine, in rat dried blood spots (DBS). The DBS samples were extracted using an improved liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) strategy involving in the sonication of DBS punches in 20% MeOH aqueous soluti
• PMID 24316424

• Predictors of extraventricular drain-associated bacterial ventriculitis.

• Williamson RA1, Phillips-Bute BG2, McDonagh DL3, Gray MC1, Zomorodi AR4, Olson DM5, Britz GW4, Laskowitz DT6, James ML7.Author information 1Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC.2Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC.3Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC.4Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Duke University, DUMC 3087, Durham, NC.5Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC; School of Nursing, Duke University, DUMC 3322, Durham, NC.6Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC.7Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, DUMC 3094, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University, DUMC 2900, Durham, NC. Electronic address: michael.james@duke.edu.AbstractPURPOSE: Bacterial ventriculitis (BV) may develop in patients requiring external ventricular drains (EVDs). The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of EVD-associated BV onset.
• Journal of critical care.J Crit Care.2014 Feb;29(1):77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.08.012. Epub 2013 Oct 11.
• PURPOSE: Bacterial ventriculitis (BV) may develop in patients requiring external ventricular drains (EVDs). The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of EVD-associated BV onset.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of Duke University Hospital patients with EVD device placement be
• PMID 24125770

Japanese Journal

• 地域在住高齢者における食欲および咀嚼不自由感と関連要因に関する研究

• 橋元 千久佐,葭原 明弘,宮崎 秀夫
• 口腔衛生学会雑誌 64(3), 284-290, 2014-04-30
• 本調査は,「食欲」や「ものが噛みにくくなった」とする主観的症状(咀嚼不自由感)は他の口腔内症状,社会環境的要素,栄養摂取状況とどのように関連するのか明らかにすることを目的としている.新潟市内在住の70歳全員に質問紙調査を実施し,調査への参加希望者から無作為に抽出し,最終的に600人を調査対象とした.口腔内診査として,現在歯数を測定した.また,質問紙により口腔内の自覚症状,食欲の有無,およびブレスロ …
• NAID 110009824984

• 患者血液とFRETバイオセンサーを用いた薬剤効果予測 (特集 細胞の少数性と多様性に挑む : シングルセルアナリシス) -- (シングルセルアナリシスで見えること)

• 大場 雄介
• 生体の科学 65(2), 171-175, 2014-03
• NAID 40020077600

• 日本酒濃縮物の経口摂取による皮膚性状の変化

• 山下 裕司,山崎 舞,瀧澤 毅,辻野 義雄,広常 正人,田上 八朗,坂本 一民
• 千葉科学大学紀要 = The University Bulletin of Chiba Institute of Science (7), 97-104, 2014-02-28
• … Stress release and stimulation of blood circulation by ingesting Sake is well accepted, and its effect on hepatic protection and skin condition have been recently suggested. … The taste and fl avor of the jellys might have lead the subjects to recognize the sample and placebo, to lead the subjects to perceive sample with the Sake-condensate effective to skin condition. …
• NAID 120005459366

Related Links

• Amazon.co.jp： Blood Sample: 音楽

今のところ入手困難でなく、尚且つクオリティが高いということで、是非ともWALTARI入門用に推したい1枚です。様々な音楽の要素をごちゃ混ぜにして、WALTARIならではのポップセンスで味付けする手腕には一点の翳りも無く ...

• 攻略/クエスト/ブラッドサンプル収集指令 - G-XTH 迷宮クロス ...

13個のブラッドサンプルを入手するのが目的の任務。 受領後は「葵神宮」「遊霊病棟」「不忍プリズン」「グリーンミュージアム」「千代田坑道」「ジオマトリクス」が解放される。 それに伴い新たな手配異形討伐任務が発生。

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「血液試料」「血液サンプル」
関連記事	「SAMPLE」「sample」「sampling」「blood」

「血液試料」

　　[★]

英

blood sample

関

血液サンプル

「血液サンプル」

　　[★]

英

blood sample

関

血液試料

「SAMPLE」

　　[★]

関

二次評価、PALS

• 焦点を絞った病歴聴取

S	自他覚症状	signs and symptoms	発症初期の自他覚症状
A	アレルギー	allergies	薬物、食物、その他物質
M	薬物	medications	常用薬、最後に投与/服用した薬物の種類と用量
P	病歴	past medical history	出生時の状態、重要な基礎疾患、手術歴、予防接種
L	最後の食事	last meal	摂取時刻とその内容
E	イベント	events	現在の状態に関係する出来事、接触までの出来事

参考

http://kensyui.com/sample.pdf

「sample」

　　[★]

• n.

• 試料、検体、標本、実例、サンプル

• v.

• 標本抽出する、試料採取する

関

instance、preparation、sampling、specimen

　 　 　 　

「sampling」

　　[★]

• n.

• サンプリング、検体採取、試料採取、(統計)標本抽出

関

sample

　 　

「blood」

　　[★] 血液