生物学的機能、生体機能、生物機能、生命機能

WordNet

perform as expected when applied; "The washing machine wont go unless its plugged in"; "Does this old car still run well?"; "This old radio doesnt work anymore" (同)work, operate, go, run
(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function) (同)mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping
a relation such that one thing is dependent on another; "height is a function of age"; "price is a function of supply and demand"
the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; "the function of a teacher"; "the government must do its part"; "play its role" (同)office, part, role
what something is used for; "the function of an auger is to bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?" (同)purpose, role, use
a formal or official social gathering or ceremony; "it was a black-tie function"
of parents and children; related by blood; "biological child"
pertaining to biology or to life and living things (同)biologic
performing or able to perform its regular function; "a functioning flashlight"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人・物の果たすべき)『働き』,機能,役目;《しばしば複数形で》職務 / (公式の)儀式,《話》大きな催し(集まり),式典 / (数学で)関数 / 〈機械などが〉『機能を果たす』,動く / (…の)役目をする,代用となる《+『as』+『名』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/27 21:19:35」(JST)

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Space-filling model of the chlorophyll molecule, which is involved in photosynthesis.

A biological function is the reason some object or process occurred in a system that evolved through a process of selection or natural selection. Thus, function refers forward from the object or process, along some chain of causation, to the goal or success.^[1] Compare this to the mechanism of the object or process, which looks backward along some chain of causation, explaining how the feature occurred.

A functional characteristic is known as an adaptation, and the research strategy for investigating whether a character is adaptive is known as adaptationism. Although an assumption that a character is functional may be fruitful as a research method, some characteristics of organisms are non-functional, and may simply be emergent phenomena arising as a side effect of functional systems (see Spandrel (biology)). They may also have a reduced function or lost function entirely over time due to changing conditions, in which case they are said to be vestigial.

The correlation of form (also referred to as structure) and function is one of the central themes in biology. However, knowing the structure of something does not necessarily reveal its function. To illustrate the point, an enzymologist discovering an unknown enzyme would be highly unlikely to identify its function with only structural information. It is also possible for different structures to carry out the same function. Teeth and the gizzard of a bird highlight this point: both grind up food, serving the same function in terms of digestion.

As another example, the function of chlorophyll in a plant is to capture the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis, which contributes to growth and reproduction, and reproduction contributes to evolutionary success. Taking a broader view, all functions have the same end in that they contribute to fitness, though they are each manifested through various proximate mechanisms.

Function is not the same as purpose in the teleological sense. Evolution is a blind process which has no 'goal' for the future. For example, a tree does not grow flowers for any purpose, but does so simply because it has evolved to do so. To say 'a tree grows flowers to attract pollinators' would be incorrect if the 'to' implies purpose. A function describes what something does, not what its 'purpose' is. However, teleological terminology is often used by biologists as a sort of shorthand way of describing function, even though they know it is technically incorrect.

As applied to ecosystems, the word 'function' has quite a different meaning, and is basically a synonym for processes. Ecosystems do not reproduce and thus cannot be said to have any function in the above sense.

The word may also for non-biological entities, e.g. the ozone layer might be said to have the 'function' of blocking ultraviolet radiation, though this use of the word also does not necessarily imply any teleological cause.

Notes and references

^ Dusenbery, David B. (1992). Sensory Ecology, pp.7-8. W.H. Freeman., New York. ISBN 0-7167-2333-6.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 血小板機能検査 platelet function testing
2. Vitamin K and the synthesis and function of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
3. 成人における肺機能検査の概要 overview of pulmonary function testing in adults
4. 小児における肺機能検査の概要 overview of pulmonary function testing in children
5. 先天性および後天性血小板機能障害 congenital and acquired disorders of platelet function

English Journal

Experimental and visual research on the microbial induced carbonate precipitation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Bai Y1, Guo XJ2, Li YZ3, Huang T4.
AMB Express.AMB Express.2017 Dec;7(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s13568-017-0358-5. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
PMID 28275994

Current remote sensing approaches to monitoring forest degradation in support of countries measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems for REDD.

Mitchell AL1, Rosenqvist A2, Mora B3.
Carbon balance and management.Carbon Balance Manag.2017 Dec;12(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13021-017-0078-9. Epub 2017 Apr 17.
PMID 28417324

Investigation of PDE5/PDE6 and PDE5/PDE11 selective potent tadalafil-like PDE5 inhibitors using combination of molecular modeling approaches, molecular fingerprint-based virtual screening protocols and structure-based pharmacophore development.

Kayık G1,2, Tüzün NŞ1, Durdagi S3.
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry.J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem.2017 Dec;32(1):311-330. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1250756.
PMID 28150511

Japanese Journal

Complementary elementary mode analysis for large-scale metabolic networks

Md.BahadurBadsha ,Ryo Tsuboi,Hiroyuki Kurata
情報処理学会研究報告. BIO, バイオ情報学 2013-BIO-35(5), 1-2, 2013-09-12
… The current problem is that many organisms still do not provide any specific objective biological function to predict the unknown metabolic fluxes. … This study opens a new framework for a large-scale metabolic network, which neither requires the initial generation of a full set of EMs nor any objective biological function. …
NAID 110009605327

Thrombospondin-1 in Urological Cancer: Pathological Role, Clinical Significance, and Therapeutic Prospects

Miyata Yasuyoshi,Sakai Hideki
International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14(6), 12249-12272, 2013-06-07
… However, TSP-1 is a multi-functional protein and its biological activities vary according to the specific tumor environments. … Consequently, there is no general agreement on its cancer-related function in urological cancers, and detailed information regarding regulative mechanisms is essential for a better understanding of its therapeutic effects and prognostic values. … However, a detailed pathological function in human cancer tissues is not still understood. …
NAID 120005306853

Molecular machines directly observed by high-speed atomic force microscopy

Ando Toshio
FEBS Letters 587(3), 997-1007, 2013-04-17
… Molecular machines made of proteins are highly dynamic and carry out sophisticated biological functions. … The direct and dynamic high-resolution visualization of molecular machines in action is considered to be the most straightforward approach to understanding how they function but this has long been infeasible until recently. …
NAID 120005304730

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「生体機能」「生命機能」「生物機能」「生物学的機能」
関連記事	「function」「biological」「biologic」

「生体機能」

　　[★]

英: biological function
関: 生物学的機能、生物機能、生命機能

「生命機能」

　　[★]

英: biological function
関: 生体機能、生物学的機能、生物機能

「生物機能」

　　[★]

英: biological function
関: 生体機能、生物学的機能、生命機能

「生物学的機能」

　　[★]

英: biological function
関: 生体機能、生物機能、生命機能

「function」

　　[★]

n.

機能、(数学)関数、(化学)官能基

survival as a function of HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes HbA1cの機能を考慮（指標に）した2型糖尿病の患者の生存（予後）

Figure 2A shows survival as a function of device removal during index hpspitalization, censored at 1 year or date of last contact. (Figure2Aはは最初の入院中における心臓デバイス除去に関する生存曲線で退院後1年もしくは最後の接触で打ち切っている)