WordNet

to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
stake on the outcome of an issue; "I bet $100 on that new horse"; "She played all her money on the dark horse" (同)wager, play
the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet" (同)wager
maintain with or as if with a bet; "I bet she will be there!" (同)wager
second in order of importance; "the candidate, considered a beta male, was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory"
the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet
preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; "a beta version"; "beta software"
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
beets (同)genus Beta

PrepTutorEJDIC

《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
『かけ』・(…との)かけ《+『with』+『名』》 / かけた物(金) / かけの対象 / 〈金・物〉'を'『かける』 / (かけ事・ゲームなどで)〈人〉‘と'『かけをする』《+『名』〈人〉+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)『かける』《+『on』(『against』)+『名』(one's do『ing』)》
ベータ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第2文字;B,β;英語のB,b に遭当)
=sense organ / 受信装置

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/28 01:20:05」(JST)

wiki en

The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β₁ adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRB1, is a beta-adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it.^[1] It is a G-protein coupled receptor associated with the Gs heterotrimeric G-protein and is expressed predominantly in cardiac tissue.

Receptor

Actions

Actions of the β₁ receptor include:

stimulate viscous, amylase-filled secretions from salivary glands^[2]
Increase cardiac output
- Increase heart rate^[3] in sinoatrial node (SA node) (chronotropic effect)
- Increase atrial cardiac muscle contractility. (inotropic effect)
- Increases contractility and automaticity^[3] of ventricular cardiac muscle.
- Increases conduction and automaticity^[3] of atrioventricular node (AV node)

Renin release from juxtaglomerular cells.^[3]
Lipolysis in adipose tissue.^[3]
Receptor also present in cerebral cortex.

Agonists

Isoprenaline has higher affinity for β₁ than adrenaline, which, in turn, binds with higher affinity than noradrenaline at physiologic concentrations. Selective agonists to the beta-1 receptor are:

Denopamine
Dobutamine^[2] (in cardiogenic shock)
Xamoterol^[2] (cardiac stimulant)

Antagonists

(Beta blockers) β1-selective ones are:

Acebutolol (in hypertension, angina pectoris and arrhythmias)
Atenolol^[2] (in hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmias and myocardial infarction)
Betaxolol (in hypertension and glaucoma)
Bisoprolol^[4] (in hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction and ischemic heart diseases)
Esmolol (in arrhythmias)
Metoprolol^[2] (in hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure)
Nebivolol (in hypertension)
Vortioxetine (antidepressant)

Mechanism

G_s renders adenylate cyclase activated, resulting in increase of cAMP.

Gene

Specific polymorphisms in the ADRB1 gene have been shown to affect the resting heart rate and can be involved in heart failure.^[1]

Interactions

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor has been shown to interact with DLG4^[5] and GIPC1.^[6] Interaction between testosterone and β-1 ARs have been shown in anxiolytic behaviors in the basolateral amygdala.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: ADRB1 adrenergic, beta-1-, receptor".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 163
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Fitzpatrick, David; Purves, Dale; Augustine, George (2004). "Table 20:2". Neuroscience (Third ed.). Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer. ISBN 0-87893-725-0.
^ American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. (2005-01-01). "Bisoprolol". MedlinePlus Drug Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2008-05-20. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
^ Hu LA, Tang Y, Miller WE, Cong M, Lau AG, Lefkowitz RJ et al. (Dec 2000). "beta 1-adrenergic receptor association with PSD-95. Inhibition of receptor internalization and facilitation of beta 1-adrenergic receptor interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 (49): 38659–66. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005938200. PMID 10995758.
^ Hu LA, Chen W, Martin NP, Whalen EJ, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ (Jul 2003). "GIPC interacts with the beta1-adrenergic receptor and regulates beta1-adrenergic receptor-mediated ERK activation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (28): 26295–301. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212352200. PMID 12724327.
^ Mard-Soltani M, Kesmati M, Khajehpour L, Rasekh A, Shamshirgar-Zadeh A (April 2012). "Interaction between Anxiolytic Effects of Testosterone and β-1 Adrenoceptors of Basolateral Amygdala". International Journal of Pharmacology 8 (5): 344–354. doi:10.3923/ijp.2012.344.354.

External links

"β₁-adrenoceptor". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 昇圧剤および強心剤の使用 use of vasopressors and inotropes
2. β遮断剤の主な副作用 major side effects of beta blockers
3. β-2アドレナリン受容体機能不全および喘息の多型性 beta 2 adrenergic receptor dysfunction and polymorphism in asthma
4. Uncommon congenital adrenal hyperplasias
5. Management and prognosis of chronic secondary mitral regurgitation

English Journal

Inward rectifier K+ channel and T-type Ca2+ channel contribute to enhancement of GABAergic transmission induced by β1-adrenoceptor in the prefrontal cortex.

Luo F1, Zheng J2, Sun X2, Tang H2.
Experimental neurology.Exp Neurol.2017 Feb;288:51-61. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.11.007. Epub 2016 Nov 11.
The functions of prefrontal cortex (PFC) are sensitive to norepinephrine (NE). Endogenously released NE influences synaptic transmission through activation of different subtypes of adrenergic receptors in PFC including α1, α2, β1 or β2-adrenoceptor. Our recent study has revealed that β1-adrenoc
PMID 27840071

Ganglionic GFAP + glial Gq-GPCR signaling enhances heart functions in vivo.

Xie AX1, Lee JJ1, McCarthy KD1.
JCI insight.JCI Insight.2017 Jan 26;2(2):e90565. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.90565.
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) accelerates heart rate, increases cardiac contractility, and constricts resistance vessels. The activity of SNS efferent nerves is generated by a complex neural network containing neurons and glia. Gq G protein-coupled receptor (Gq-GPCR) signaling in glial fibril
PMID 28138563

Structure-based Derivation of Peptide Inhibitors to Target TGF-β1 Receptor for the Suppression of Hypertrophic Scarring Fibroblast Activation.

Hu H1, Yang S1, Zhang J1, Mao G1.
Chemical biology & drug design.Chem Biol Drug Des.2017 Jan 25. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.12954. [Epub ahead of print]
The intermolecular recognition and interaction between human transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1) and its cognate receptor TβRII have been implicated in the pathological condition of hypertrophic scarring (HS). Here, we attempted to rationally derive peptide inhibitors from the complex interfa
PMID 28122173

Japanese Journal

Effects of 1-year administration of olmesartan on portal pressure and TGF-beta1 in selected patients with cirrhosis : a randomized controlled trial

HIDAKA Hisashi,NAKAZAWA Takahide,SHIBUYA Akitaka,MINAMINO Tsutomu,TAKADA Juichi,TANAKA Yoshiaki,OKUWAKI Yusuke,WATANABE Masaaki,KOIZUMI Wasaburo
Journal of gastroenterology 46(11), 1316-1323, 2011-11-01
NAID 10030294951

Radiation-induced ICAM-1 Expression via TGF-β1 Pathway on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Comparison between X-ray and Carbon-ion Beam Irradiation

KIYOHARA Hiroki,ISHIZAKI Yasuki,SUZUKI Yoshiyuki,KATOH Hiroyuki,HAMADA Nobuyuki,OHNO Tatsuya,TAKAHASHI Takeo,KOBAYASHI Yasuhiko,NAKANO Takashi
Journal of radiation research 52(3), 287-292, 2011-05-16
… Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) are thought to play important roles in this process. … In this study, radiation-induced ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells was investigated with the use of an inhibitor of TGF-β1 receptor kinase (SB431542) and the effects of X-ray and carbon-ion beam were compared. …
NAID 10028111131

「β1受容体」

Adrenoceptor beta 1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2LSQ
Identifiers
Symbols	ADRB1 ; ADRB1R; B1AR; BETA1AR; RHR
External IDs	OMIM: 109630 MGI: 87937 HomoloGene: 20171 IUPHAR: 28 ChEMBL: 213 GeneCards: ADRB1 Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• beta-adrenergic receptor activity; • beta1-adrenergic receptor activity; • receptor signaling protein activity; • Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity; • protein binding; • drug binding; • PDZ domain binding; • alpha-2A adrenergic receptor binding; • dopamine binding; • protein heterodimerization activity; • epinephrine binding; • norepinephrine binding;
Cellular component	• nucleus; • early endosome; • plasma membrane; • integral component of plasma membrane;
Biological process	• positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine; • diet induced thermogenesis; • vasodilation by norepinephrine-epinephrine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; • positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine; • positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; • glycogen catabolic process; • apoptotic process; • activation of adenylate cyclase activity; • Rho protein signal transduction; • aging; • memory; • response to cold; • sensory perception of pain; • positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process; • heat generation; • positive regulation of Ras GTPase activity; • protein localization to organelle; • negative regulation of urine volume; • negative regulation of multicellular organism growth; • wound healing; • fear response; • positive regulation of apoptotic process; • positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling; • negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction; • positive regulation of saliva secretion; • brown fat cell differentiation; • regulation of calcium ion transport; • lipid homeostasis; • regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential; • positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development; • adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway; • regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction; • positive regulation of renin secretion into blood stream; • positive regulation of cation channel activity;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	v; t; e;