関: BaCl2

WordNet

any compound containing a chlorine atom
any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion)
a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite (同)Ba, atomic number 56

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塩化物
バリウム(金属元素・化学記号はBa)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/09 21:04:38」(JST)

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Barium chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula BaCl₂. It is one of the most common water-soluble salts of barium. Like other barium salts, it is toxic and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also hygroscopic.

Structure and properties

BaCl₂ crystallizes in two forms (polymorphs). One form has the cubic fluorite (CaF₂) structure and the other the orthorhombic cotunnite (PbCl₂) structure. Both polymorphs accommodate the preference of the large Ba²⁺ ion for coordination numbers greater than six.^[5] The coordination of Ba²⁺ is 8 in the fluorite structure^[6] and 9 in the cotunnite structure.^[7] When cotunnite-structure BaCl₂ is subjected to pressures of 7–10 GPa, it transforms to a third structure, a monoclinic post-cotunnite phase. The coordination number of Ba²⁺ increases from 9 to 10.^[8]

In aqueous solution BaCl₂ behaves as a simple salt; in water it is a 1:2 electrolyte and the solution exhibits a neutral pH. Its solutions react with sulfate ion to produce a thick white precipitate of barium sulfate.

Ba²⁺_(aq) + SO₄²⁻_(aq) → BaSO_4(s)

Oxalate effects a similar reaction:

Ba²⁺_(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻_(aq) → BaC₂O₄_(s)

When it is mixed with sodium hydroxide, it gives the dihydroxide, which is moderately soluble in water.

Preparation

Barium chloride can be prepared from barium hydroxide or barium carbonate, with barium carbonate being found naturally as the mineral witherite. These basic salts react with hydrochloric acid to give hydrated barium chloride. On an industrial scale, it is prepared via a two step process from barite (barium sulfate):^[9]

BaSO_4(s) + 4 C_(s) → BaS_(s) + 4 CO_(g)

This first step requires high temperatures.

BaS + CaCl₂ → BaCl₂ + CaS

The second step requires fusion of the reactants. The BaCl₂ can then be leached out from the mixture with water. From water solutions of barium chloride, the dihydrate can be crystallized as white crystals: BaCl₂·2H₂O

Uses

As an inexpensive, soluble salt of barium, barium chloride finds wide application in the laboratory. It is commonly used as a test for sulfate ion (see chemical properties above). In industry, barium chloride is mainly used in the purification of brine solution in caustic chlorine plants and also in the manufacture of heat treatment salts, case hardening of steel, in the manufacture of pigments, and in the manufacture of other barium salts. BaCl₂ is also used in fireworks to give a bright green color. However, its toxicity limits its applicability.

Safety

Barium chloride, along with other water-soluble barium salts, is highly toxic.^[10] Sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate are potential antidotes because they form the insoluble solid barium sulfate BaSO₄, which is relatively non-toxic because of its insolubility.

References

^ https://play.google.com/books/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&id=nKQ-AAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA64
^ Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990.
^ ^a ^b ^c "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0045". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ ^a ^b "Barium (soluble compounds, as Ba)". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Wells, A. F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
^ Haase, A.; Brauer, G. (1978). "Hydratstufen und Kristallstrukturen von Bariumchlorid". Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 441: 181–195. doi:10.1002/zaac.19784410120.
^ Brackett, E. B.; Brackett, T. E.; Sass, R. L. (1963). "The Crystal Structures of Barium Chloride, Barium Bromide, and Barium Iodide". J. Phys. Chem. 67 (10): 2132. doi:10.1021/j100804a038.
^ Léger, J. M.; Haines, J.; Atouf, A. (1995). "The Post-Cotunnite Phase in BaCl₂, BaBr₂ and BaI₂ under High Pressure". J. Appl. Cryst. 28 (4): 416. doi:10.1107/S0021889895001580.
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.
^ The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, 1960.

External links

International Chemical Safety Card 0614. (anhydrous)
International Chemical Safety Card 0615. (dihydrate)
Barium chloride's use in industry.
ChemSub Online: Barium chloride.

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「BaCl2」

Barium chloride
Names
	Other names Barium muriate; Muryate of Barytes; Barium dichloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	10361-37-2 ; 10326-27-9 (dihydrate) ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	23540 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.704
EC Number	233-788-1
PubChem CID	25204;
RTECS number	CQ8750000 (anhydrous); CQ8751000 (dihydrate)
UNII	0VK51DA1T2 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Ba.2ClH/h;21H/q+2;;/p-2 Key: WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/Ba.2ClH/h;21H/q+2;;/p-2 Key: WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-NUQVWONBAL ;
	SMILES [Ba+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] ;
Properties
Chemical formula	BaCl2
Molar mass	208.23 g/mol (anhydrous); 244.26 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance	White solid
Density	3.856 g/cm3 (anhydrous); 3.0979 g/cm3 (dihydrate)
Melting point	962 °C (1,764 °F; 1,235 K) (960 °C, dihydrate)
Boiling point	1,560 °C (2,840 °F; 1,830 K)
Solubility in water	31.2 g/100 mL (0 °C); 35.8 g/100 mL (20 °C); 59.4 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility	soluble in methanol, insoluble in ethanol, ethyl acetate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-72.6·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	orthogonal (anhydrous); monoclinic (dihydrate)
Coordination geometry	7-9
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfHo298)	−858.56 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet	See: data page
EU classification (DSD) (outdated)	Toxic (T); Harmful (Xn)
R-phrases (outdated)	R20, R25
S-phrases (outdated)	(S1/2), S45
NFPA 704	0 3 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	78 mg/kg (rat, oral); 50 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)
LDLo (lowest published)	112 mg Ba/kg (rabbit, oral); 59 mg Ba/kg (dog, oral); 46 mg Ba/kg (mouse, oral)
	US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)	50 mg/m3
Related compounds
Other anions	Barium fluoride; Barium bromide; Barium iodide
Other cations	Beryllium chloride; Magnesium chloride; Calcium chloride; Strontium chloride; Radium chloride; Lead chloride
Supplementary data page
Structure and; properties	Refractive index (n),; Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic; data	Phase behaviour; solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

塩化バリウム

関: barium chloride

「塩化バリウム」

　　[★]

英: barium chloride、BaCl2

「barium」

　　[★]

バリウム

関: Ba

「chloride」

　　[★] 塩素イオン　　　

[1] ttps://play.google.com/books/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&id=nKQ-AAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA64

[2] Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990.

[PGCH-3] "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0045". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[IDLH-4] "Barium (soluble compounds, as Ba)". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[5] Wells, A. F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.

[6] Haase, A.; Brauer, G. (1978). "Hydratstufen und Kristallstrukturen von Bariumchlorid". Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 441: 181–195. doi:10.1002/zaac.19784410120.

[7] Brackett, E. B.; Brackett, T. E.; Sass, R. L. (1963). "The Crystal Structures of Barium Chloride, Barium Bromide, and Barium Iodide". J. Phys. Chem. 67 (10): 2132. doi:10.1021/j100804a038.

[8] Léger, J. M.; Haines, J.; Atouf, A. (1995). "The Post-Cotunnite Phase in BaCl₂, BaBr₂ and BaI₂ under High Pressure". J. Appl. Cryst. 28 (4): 416. doi:10.1107/S0021889895001580.

[9] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.

[10] The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, 1960.

リンク元	「BaCl2」「塩化バリウム」
関連記事	「barium」「chloride」

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barium chloride