関: athymic mouse、nude mice、nude mouse

WordNet

a mouse with a genetic defect that prevents them from growing hair and also prevents them from immunologically rejecting human cells and tissues; widely used in preclinical trials
the syllable naming the third (mediant) note of any major scale in solmization

PrepTutorEJDIC

ミ(全音階の第3音)
mouseの複数形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/02 22:20:12」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

A nude mouse

A nude mouse is a laboratory mouse from a strain with a genetic mutation that causes a deteriorated or absent thymus, resulting in an inhibited immune system due to a greatly reduced number of T cells. The phenotype, or main outward appearance of the mouse is a lack of body hair, which gives it the "nude" nickname. The nude mouse is valuable to research because it can receive many different types of tissue and tumor grafts, as it mounts no rejection response. These xenografts are commonly used in research to test new methods of imaging and treating tumors. The genetic basis of the nude mouse mutation is a disruption of the FOXN1 gene.^[1]^[2]

Nomenclature

The nomenclature for the nude mouse has changed several times since their discovery. Originally they were described as nu and this was updated to Hfh11nu when the mutated gene was identified as a mutation in the HNF-3/forkhead homolog 11 gene. Then in 2000 the gene responsible for the mutation was identified as a member of the Fox gene family and the nomenclature was updated to Foxn1nu.

History and significance

Nude mice were first discovered in 1962 by Dr. N. R. Grist at Ruchill Hospital's Brownlee virology laboratory in Glasgow.^[3]^[4] Because they lack a thymus, nude mice cannot generate mature T lymphocytes. Therefore they are unable to mount many types of adaptive immune responses, including:

antibody formation that requires CD4+ helper T cells
cell-mediated immune responses, which require CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells
delayed-type hypersensitivity responses (require CD4+ T cells)
killing of virus-infected or malignant cells (requires CD8+ cytotoxic T cells)
graft rejection (requires both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells)

Because of the above features, nude mice have served in the laboratory to gain insights into the immune system, leukemia, solid tumors, AIDS and other forms of immune deficiency as well as leprosy. Moreover, the absence of functioning T cells prevents nude mice from rejecting not only allografts, but they cannot even reject xenografts; that is, grafts of tissue from another species.

Most strains of nude mice are slightly "leaky" and do have a few T cells, especially as they age. For this reason, nude mice are less popular in research today, since knockout mice with more complete defects in the immune system have been constructed (e.g. RAG1 and RAG2 knockout mice).

Genetics

Nude mice have a spontaneous deletion in the FOXN1 gene. (Humans with mutations in FOXN1 also are athymic and immune deficient.)^{[citation needed]} Mice with a targeted deletion in the FOXN1 ("knockout" mice) also show the "nude" phenotype. Since nude females have underdeveloped mammary glands and are unable to effectively nurse their young, nude males are bred with heterozygous females.

Life span

The life span of nude mice is normally 6 months to a year. In controlled, germ free environments and with antibiotic treatments found in many laboratories that routinely use nude mice, they can live almost as long as normal mice (18 months to two years).

References

The Nude Mouse in Experimental and Clinical Research (Vol.1). Fogh, J; Giovanella, B.C.(eds) Academic Press, 1978, ISBN 0-12-261860-2
The Nude Mouse in Experimental and Clinical Research (Vol.2). Fogh, J; Giovanella, B.C.(eds) Academic Press, 1982, ISBN 0-12-261862-9

^ "New Gene name for Nude Mice". JAX Bulletin (6). May 25, 2000.
^ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) FORKHEAD BOX N1; FOXN1 -600838
^ http://animalresearch.info/en/designing-research/249/mouse-immunodeficient-/
^ http://www.criver.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/NMRI%20nude24.04.07.pdf

External links

A nude mouse can accept tissue grafts from a variety of species

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 遺伝学およびゲノミクスのためのツール：研究用に育種された遺伝子改変マウス tools for genetics and genomics specially bred and genetically engineered mice
2. Microbiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi infections
3. 肥満細胞：増殖・分化、識別、および生理学的役割 mast cells development identification and physiologic roles
4. ブレオマイシン誘発性肺障害 bleomycin induced lung injury
5. 多中心性キャッスルマン病 multicentric castlemans disease

English Journal

Adipose tissue displays trophic properties on normal lung cellular components without promoting cancer cells growth.

Andriani F, Facchinetti F, Furia S, Roz L, Bursomanno S, Bertolini G, Carniti C, Sozzi G, Pastorino U.SourceTumor Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2013 Jun;228(6):1166-73. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24270.
Surgical removal is the mainstay for early lung cancer treatment and persistent air leaks represent one of the most common clinical complications after lung surgery. Adipose tissue transplantation has been proposed as a new strategy for regenerative therapy after breast cancer surgery; however its e
PMID 23129305

OT-404, multi-targeted anti-cancer agent affecting tumor proliferation, chemo-resistance, and angiogenesis.

Rebbaa A, Patil G, Yalcin M, Sudha T, Mousa SA.SourceDepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2013 May 10;332(1):55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.016. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
There is a need for a comprehensive anti-cancer strategy that simultaneously targets abnormal proliferation, angiogenesis rates, and development of chemotherapy resistance. We have identified a small molecule, OT-404, that effectively inhibited proliferation and angiogenesis of either chemo-sensitiv
PMID 23348692

Imaging specificity of MR-optical imaging agents following the masking of surface charge by poly(ethylene glycol).

Wu SC, Lin KL, Wang TP, Tzou SC, Singh G, Chen MH, Cheng TL, Chen CY, Liu GC, Lee TW, Hu SH, Wang YM.SourceDepartment of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2013 May;34(16):4118-27. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.025. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
The coupling of specific antibodies to imaging agents often improves imaging specificity. However, free amine groups designed for the coupling can cause nonspecific binding of the imaging agents. We report here development of a nanocarrier, MnMEIO-silane-NH2-mPEG nanoparticles (NPs), consisting of a
PMID 23465830

Japanese Journal

NMR study of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus protease in a complex with amprenavir.

Furukawa Ayako,Okamura Hideyasu,Morishita Ryo,Matsunaga Satoko,Kobayashi Naohiro,Ikegami Takahisa,Kodaki Tsutomu,Takaori-Kondo Akifumi,Ryo Akihide,Nagata Takashi,Katahira Masato
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 425(2), 284-289, 2012-08-24
… Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a virus created through recombination of two murine leukemia proviruses under artificial conditions during the passage of human prostate cancer cells in athymic nude mice. …
NAID 120004873605

Adoptive transfer of antithyrotropin receptor (TSHR) autoimmunity from TSHR knockout mice to athymic nude mice

Nakahara Mami,Johnson Kristian,Eckstein Anja,Taguchi Ryo,Yamada Masanobu,Abiru Norio,Nagayama Yuji
Endocrinology 153(4), 2034-2042, 2012-04-01
… We have recently shown that wild type mice are highly tolerant, whereas thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) knockout (KO) mice are susceptible to immunization with the mouse TSHR, the autoantigen in Graves' disease. … However, because TSHR KO mice lack the endogenous TSHR, Graves-like hyperthyroidism cannot be expected to occur in these mice. …
NAID 120004606860

卵巣癌の分子生物学的特性を利用した新規治療法の開発(学術奨励賞受賞講演,第63回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)

中山健太郎
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 63(12), 2118-2129, 2011-12-01
… Overexpression of full-length NAC1 enhanced tumorigenicity of ovarian surface epithelial cells and NIH3T3 cells in athymic nu/nu mice. …
NAID 110008799031