同化型硝酸還元酵素
WordNet
- any compound containing the nitrate group (such as a salt or ester of nitric acid)
- treat with nitric acid, so as to change an organic compound into a nitrate; "nitroglycerin is obtained by nitrating glycerol"
- an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 硝酸塩 / 硝酸塩類化学肥料
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/06 14:31:26」(JST)
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Assimilatory nitrate reductase may refer to:
- Nitrate reductase (NADH)
- Nitrate reductase (NAD(P)H)
- Nitrate reductase (NADPH)
- Nitrite reductase
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English Journal
- Transferable Denitrification Capability of Thermus thermophilus.
- Alvarez L, Bricio C, Blesa A, Hidalgo A, Berenguer J.Author information Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Madrid, Spain.AbstractLaboratory-adapted strains of Thermus spp. have been shown to require oxygen for growth, including the model strains T. thermophilus HB27 and HB8. In contrast, many isolates of this species that have not been intensively grown under laboratory conditions keep the capability to grow anaerobically with one or more electron acceptors. The use of nitrogen oxides, especially nitrate, as electron acceptors is one of the most widespread capabilities among these facultative strains. In this process, nitrate is reduced to nitrite by a reductase (Nar) that also functions as electron transporter toward nitrite and nitric oxide reductases when nitrate is scarce, effectively replacing respiratory complex III. In many T. thermophilus denitrificant strains, most electrons for Nar are provided by a new class of NADH dehydrogenase (Nrc). The ability to reduce nitrite to NO and subsequently to N2O by the corresponding Nir and Nor reductases is also strain specific. The genes encoding the capabilities for nitrate (nar) and nitrite (nir and nor) respiration are easily transferred between T. thermophilus strains by natural competence or by a conjugation-like process and may be easily lost upon continuous growth under aerobic conditions. The reason for this instability is apparently related to the fact that these metabolic capabilities are encoded in gene cluster islands, which are delimited by insertion sequences and integrated within highly variable regions of easily transferable extrachromosomal elements. Together with the chromosomal genes, these plasmid-associated genetic islands constitute the extended pangenome of T. thermophilus that provides this species with an enhanced capability to adapt to changing environments.
- Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2014 Jan;80(1):19-28. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02594-13. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
- Laboratory-adapted strains of Thermus spp. have been shown to require oxygen for growth, including the model strains T. thermophilus HB27 and HB8. In contrast, many isolates of this species that have not been intensively grown under laboratory conditions keep the capability to grow anaerobically wit
- PMID 24141123
- Molecular Components of Nitrate and Nitrite Efflux in Yeast.
- Cabrera E, González-Montelongo R, Giraldez T, de la Rosa DA, Siverio JM.Author information Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Nitrogen Metabolism Group, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canarias, Spain.AbstractSome eukaryotes such as plant and fungi are capable of utilizing nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Once transported into the cell, nitrate is reduced to ammonium by the consecutive action of nitrate and nitrite reductase. How nitrate assimilation is balanced with nitrate and nitrite efflux is unknown, as are the proteins involved. The nitrate assimilatory yeast Hansenula polymorpha was used as a model to dissect these efflux systems. We identify the sulfite transporters Ssu1 and Ssu2 as effective nitrate exporters, Ssu2 being quantitatively more important, and characterize the Nar1 protein as a nitrate/nitrite exporter. The use of strains lacking either SSU2 or NAR1 along with nitrate reductase gene YNR1 showed that nitrate reductase activity is not required for net nitrate uptake. Growth test experiments indicate that Ssu2 and Nar1 exporters allow yeast to cope with nitrite toxicity. We also show that the well known Saccharomyces cerevisiae sulfite efflux permease Ssu1 is also able to excrete nitrite and nitrate. These results characterize for the first time essential components of the nitrate/nitrite efflux system and their impact on net nitrate uptake and its regulation.
- Eukaryotic cell.Eukaryot Cell.2013 Dec 20. [Epub ahead of print]
- Some eukaryotes such as plant and fungi are capable of utilizing nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Once transported into the cell, nitrate is reduced to ammonium by the consecutive action of nitrate and nitrite reductase. How nitrate assimilation is balanced with nitrate and nitrite efflux is unk
- PMID 24363367
- Nitrate assimilation contributes to Ralstonia solanacearum root attachment, stem colonization, and virulence.
- Dalsing BL, Allen C.Author information Department of Plant Pathology.AbstractRalstonia solanacearum, an economically important plant pathogen, must attach, grow, and produce virulence factors to colonize plant xylem vessels and cause disease. Little is known about the bacterial metabolism that drives these processes. Nitrate is present in both tomato xylem fluid and agricultural soils, and the bacterium's gene expression profile suggests that it assimilates nitrate during pathogenesis. A nasA mutant, which lacks the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of R. solanacearum's sole assimilatory nitrate reductase, did not grow on nitrate as a sole nitrogen source. This nasA mutant exhibited reduced virulence and delayed stem colonization following soil-soak inoculation of tomato plants. The nasA virulence defect was more severe following a period of soil survival between hosts. Unexpectedly, once bacteria reached xylem tissue, nitrate assimilation was dispensable for growth, virulence, and competitive fitness. However, nasA-dependent nitrate assimilation was required for normal production of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), a major virulence factor. Quantitative analyses revealed that EPS production was significantly influenced by nitrate assimilation when nitrate was not required for growth. The plant colonization delay of the nasA mutant was externally complemented by co-inoculation with wild-type bacteria, but not by co-inoculation with an EPS-deficient epsB mutant. The nasA mutant and epsB mutant did not attach to tomato roots as well as wild-type strain UW551. However, adding either wild-type cells or cell-free EPS improved root attachment of these mutants. These data collectively suggest that nitrate assimilation promotes R. solanacearum virulence by enhancing root attachment, the initial stage of infection, possibly by modulating EPS production.
- Journal of bacteriology.J Bacteriol.2013 Dec 20. [Epub ahead of print]
- Ralstonia solanacearum, an economically important plant pathogen, must attach, grow, and produce virulence factors to colonize plant xylem vessels and cause disease. Little is known about the bacterial metabolism that drives these processes. Nitrate is present in both tomato xylem fluid and agricult
- PMID 24363343
Japanese Journal
- Nitrate Assimilatory Genes and Their Transcriptional Regulation in a Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae : Genetic Evidence for Nitrite Reduction by a Sulfite Reductase-Like Enzyme
- IMAMURA Sousuke,TERASHITA Masaru,OHNUMA Mio,MARUYAMA Shinichiro,MINODA Ayumi,WEBER Andreas P. M.,INOUYE Takayuki,SEKINE Yasuhiko,FUJITA Yuichi,OMATA Tatsuo,TANAKA Kan
- Plant and cell physiology 51(5), 707-717, 2010-05-01
- NAID 10027348990
- Unusual Transcription Regulation of the niaD Gene under Anaerobic Conditions Supporting Fungal Ammonia Fermentation
- TAKASAKI Kazuto,SHOUN Hirofumi,NAKAMURA Akira,HOSHINO Takayuki,TAKAYA Naoki
- Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 68(4), 978-980, 2004-04-23
- … The niaD gene of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans encodes an assimilatory nitrate reductase and exogenous ammonium represses its expression. … nidulans expressed niaD even in the presence of ammonium and used the gene product for dissimilatory nitrate reduction (ammonia fermentation). …
- NAID 10013144302
Related Links
- forum Join the Word of the Day Mailing List For webmasters TheFreeDictionary Google Bing? Word / Article Starts with Ends with Text ... assimilatory nitrate reductase assimilatory nitrate reductase (1) Nitrate reductase (NADH), EC ...
- Assimilatory Nitrate Reductase: Functional Properties and Regulation Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Vol. 41: 225-253 (Volume publication date June 1990) DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pp.41.060190 | | ...
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- assimilatory nitrate reductase
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硝酸、(化合物)硝酸塩、硝酸薬、ナイトレート、ニトロ化する
- 関
- HNO3、nitration、nitric acid
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- (酵素)還元酵素、レダクターゼ、リダクターゼ
- 関
- dehydrogenase、oxidase、oxidoreductase、reducing enzyme
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- 関
- anabolism、assimilation、elaboration
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