WordNet

a condition in which a quantity no longer responds to some external influence
chromatic purity: freedom from dilution with white and hence vivid in hue (同)chroma, intensity, vividness
the act of soaking thoroughly with a liquid
a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earths crust (同)O, atomic number 8
of or involving or contained in the arteries; "arterial disease"; "the arterial system"; "arterial blood"

PrepTutorEJDIC

十分にしみ込むこと,飽和させること / しみ込んだ状態,飽和状態 / (色の)飽和度,彩度
『酸素』(化学記号はO)
動脈の,動脈状の / 動脈血の / 幹線の

UpToDate Contents

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1. パルスオキシメトリ pulse oximetry
2. 低酸素血症の酸素供給およびメカニズム oxygenation and mechanisms of hypoxemia
3. パルスオキシメータを用いた、新生児における重篤な先天性心疾患のスクリーニング newborn screening for critical congenital heart disease using pulse oximetry
4. 成人における肺機能検査の概要 overview of pulmonary function testing in adults
5. Management of the deceased organ donor

English Journal

Upper extremity hemodynamics and sensation with backpack loads.

Kim SH1, Neuschwander TB2, Macias BR3, Bachman L Jr4, Hargens AR5.Author information 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: drjacobkim@gmail.com.2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, USA. Electronic address: tneuschwander@ucsd.edu.3Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, USA. Electronic address: dr.brandonmacias@gmail.com.4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, USA. Electronic address: jr@ucsd.edu.5Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, USA. Electronic address: ahargens@ucsd.edu.AbstractHeavy backpacks are often used in extreme environments, for example by military during combat, therefore completion of tasks quickly and efficiently is of operational relevance. The purpose of this study was to quantify hemodynamic parameters (brachial artery Doppler and microvascular flow by photoplethysmography; tissue oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy; arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter) and sensation in upper extremities and hands (Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and 2-point discrimination test) while wearing a loaded backpack (12 kg) in healthy adults for 10 min. All values were compared to baseline before wearing a backpack. Moderate weight loaded backpack loads significantly decreased upper extremity sensation as well as all macrovascular and microvascular hemodynamic values. Decreased macrovascular and microvascular hemodynamics may produce neurological dysfunction and consequently, probably affect fine motor control of the hands.
Applied ergonomics.Appl Ergon.2014 May;45(3):608-12. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.08.005. Epub 2013 Sep 26.
Heavy backpacks are often used in extreme environments, for example by military during combat, therefore completion of tasks quickly and efficiently is of operational relevance. The purpose of this study was to quantify hemodynamic parameters (brachial artery Doppler and microvascular flow by photop
PMID 24075289

Stability of cerebral metabolism and substrate availability in humans during hypoxia and hyperoxia.

Ainslie PN1, Shaw AD2, Smith KJ1, Willie CK1, Ikeda K3, Graham J4, Macleod DB2.Author information 1*School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.2†Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A.3‡Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A.4§School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.AbstractCharacterization of the influence of oxygen availability on brain metabolism is an essential step toward a better understanding of brain energy homoeostasis and has obvious clinical implications. However, how brain metabolism depends on oxygen availability has not been clearly examined in humans. We therefore assessed the influence of oxygen on CBF (cerebral blood flow) and CMRO2 (cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen) and carbohydrates. PaO2 (arterial partial pressure of oxygen) was decreased for 15 min to ~60, ~44 and ~35 mmHg [to target a SaO2 (arterial oxygen saturation) of 90, 80 and 70% respectively], and elevated to ~320 and ~430 mmHg. Isocapnia was maintained during each trial. At the end of each stage, arterial-jugular venous differences and volumetric CBF were measured to directly calculate cerebral metabolic rates. During progressive hypoxaemia, elevations in CBF were correlated with the reductions in both SaO2 (R2=0.54, P<0.05) and CaO2 (arterial oxygen content) (R2=0.57, P<0.05). Despite markedly reduced CaO2, cerebral oxygen delivery was maintained by increased CBF. Cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen, glucose and lactate remained unaltered during progressive hypoxia. Consequently, cerebral glucose delivery was in excess of that required, and net lactate efflux increased slightly in severe hypoxia, as reflected by a small increase in jugular venous lactate. Progressive hyperoxia did not alter CBF, CaO2, substrate delivery or cerebral metabolism. In conclusion, marked elevations in CBF with progressive hypoxaemia and related reductions in CaO2 resulted in a well-maintained cerebral oxygen delivery. As such, cerebral metabolism is still supported almost exclusively by carbohydrate oxidation during severe levels of hypoxaemia.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 May 1;126(9):661-70. doi: 10.1042/CS20130343.
Characterization of the influence of oxygen availability on brain metabolism is an essential step toward a better understanding of brain energy homoeostasis and has obvious clinical implications. However, how brain metabolism depends on oxygen availability has not been clearly examined in humans. We
PMID 24117382

The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry readings.

Hakverdioğlu Yönt G1, Akin Korhan E2, Dizer B3.Author information 1Sifa University Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nursing, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: gulendam.hakverdioglu@sifa.edu.tr.2Izmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: akinesra80@hotmail.com.3Sifa University Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nursing, İzmir, Turkey. Electronic address: berna_kizilkaya@yahoo.com.AbstractINTRODUCTION: Pulse oximeters utilise the pulsatile nature of arterial blood flow to distinguish it from venous flow and estimate oxygen saturation in arterial blood. Pulse oximetry is primarily used in hospital wards, emergency rooms, intensive care units, operating rooms and home care.
Intensive & critical care nursing : the official journal of the British Association of Critical Care Nurses.Intensive Crit Care Nurs.2014 Apr;30(2):111-5. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2013.08.003. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
INTRODUCTION: Pulse oximeters utilise the pulsatile nature of arterial blood flow to distinguish it from venous flow and estimate oxygen saturation in arterial blood. Pulse oximetry is primarily used in hospital wards, emergency rooms, intensive care units, operating rooms and home care.AIM: The obj
PMID 24054173