前白交連
WordNet
- of summer nights in northern latitudes where the sun barely sets; "white nights"
- the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black) (同)whiteness
- (board games) the lighter pieces
- restricted to whites only; "under segregation there were even white restrooms and white drinking fountains"; "a lily-white movement which would expel Negroes from the organization" (同)lily-white
- marked by the presence of snow; "a white Christmas"; "the white hills of a northern winter" (同)snowy
- glowing white with heat; "white flames"; "a white-hot center of the fire" (同)white-hot
- (of hair) having lost its color; "the white hairs of old age" (同)whitened
- (of coffee) having cream or milk added
- being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light; "as white as fresh snow"; "a brides white dress"
- benevolent; without malicious intent; "thats white of you"
- free from moral blemish or impurity; unsullied; "in shining white armor"
- of or belonging to a racial group having light skin coloration; "voting patterns within the white population"
- United States educator who in 1865 (with Ezra Cornell) founded Cornell University and served as its first president (1832-1918) (同)Andrew D. White, Andrew Dickson White
- United States writer noted for his humorous essays (1899-1985) (同)E. B. White, Elwyn Brooks White
- United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1910 by President Taft; noted for his work on antitrust legislation (1845-1921) (同)Edward White, Edward D. White, Edward Douglas White Jr.
- Australian writer (1912-1990) (同)Patrick White, Patrick Victor Martindale White
- United States architect (1853-1906) (同)Stanford White
- United States political journalist (1915-1986) (同)T. H. White, Theodore Harold White
- a member of the Caucasoid race (同)White person, Caucasian
- a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows southeastward through northern Arkansas and southern Missouri (同)White River
- a food fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe resembling the cod; sometimes placed in genus Gadus (同)Merlangus merlangus, Gadus merlangus
- a small fish of the genus Sillago; excellent food fish
- any of several food fishes of North American coastal waters
- flesh of a cod-like fish of the Atlantic waters of Europe
- flesh of any of a number of slender food fishes especially of Atlantic coasts of North America
- of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body
- earlier in time (同)prior
- a bundle of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the brain or spinal cord
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉『白』,白色 / 〈U〉〈C〉白いもの;(特に)『卵の白身』 / 〈U〉『白衣』,白色の服;《しばしば複数形で》白の制服(運動着など) / 〈C〉白人 / 『白い』,白色の,純白の / (恐怖で人・顔・唇などが)『青白い』,血の気のない(pale) / (皮膚の色の)白い,白人の / (髪・ひげなどが)銀色の,改色の / 雪のある,雪の積もった / 《おもに古》潔白の,罪のない / 《英》(コーヒーが)ミルク入りの / …‘を'白くする,漂白する
- ニベ(北米産);タラ(欧州産)
- (銀の研摩剤に用いる)胡粉,白亜(chalk);漂白剤
- (場所などが)前の,前部の;(…より)前に位置する《+『to』+『名』》 / (時・事件などが)以前の,先の;(…より)前の《+『to』+『名』》
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/01/05 15:06:53」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
This article is about the anterior commissure of the spinal cord. For the anterior commissure of the brain, see Anterior commissure.
| Anterior white commissure of the spinal cord |
|
Fig. 664– Transverse section of the medulla
spinalis in the mid-thoracic region.
|
|
The white commissure is highlighted in green.
|
| Details |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
Commissura alba anterior medullae spinalis, alba anterior medullae spinalis |
| NeuroNames |
Ancil-928 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
c_49/12251955 |
| TA |
A14.1.02.305 |
| FMA |
77035 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
|
The anterior white commissure (ventral white commissure) is a bundle of nerve fibers which cross the midline of the spinal cord just anterior (in front of) to the gray commissure (Rexed lamina X). A delta fibers (Aδ fibers) and C fibers carrying pain sensation in the spinothalamic tract contribute to this commissure, as do fibers of the anterior corticospinal tract, which carry motor signals from the primary motor cortex.
Two of the five sensory modalities, pain and temperature, cross sides at the anterior white commissure, reaching the contralateral side about two vertebral levels rostral to their origin. The spinothalamic tract thus decussates very soon after entering the spinal cord, ascending in the spinal cord, contralateral to the side from where it provides (pain and temperature) sensory information. Therefore, a lesion that is caudal to the sensory decussation where the remaining 3/5 modalities decussate (at the superior medulla) will result in contralateral (opposite sided) pain and temperature loss (as this has already crossed over at the anterior white commissure), whereas loss of crude touch, pressure, and proprioception will be ipsilateral (same sided) as these have not yet crossed over.
|
The spinal cord
|
| General features |
- Cervical enlargement
- Lumbar enlargement
- Conus medullaris
- Filum terminale
- Cauda equina
- Meninges
|
| Grey matter |
| Posterior grey column |
- Marginal nucleus
- Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
- Nucleus proprius
- Spinal lamina V
- Spinal lamina VI
|
| Lateral grey column |
- Intermediolateral nucleus
- Posterior thoracic nucleus
|
| Anterior grey column |
- Interneuron
- Alpha motor neuron
- Gamma motor neuron
|
| Other |
- Rexed laminae
- Central gelatinous substance
- Gray commissure
- Central canal
- Terminal ventricle
|
|
| White matter |
| Sensory |
| Posterior |
- Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway:
- Gracile
- Cuneate
|
| Lateral: |
- Spinocerebellar
- Spinothalamic
- Posterolateral
- Spinotectal
|
- Spinoreticular tract
- Spino-olivary tract
|
|
| Motor |
| Lateral |
- Corticospinal
- Extrapyramidal
- Rubrospinal
- Olivospinal
- Raphespinal
|
| Anterior |
- Corticospinal
- Extrapyramidal
- Vestibulospinal
- Reticulospinal
- Tectospinal
|
|
| Both |
- Anterior white commissure
|
|
| External features |
- Ventral
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
- Dorsal
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
|
|
Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
|
Sensory/
ascending |
| PCML |
| 1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
|
| 2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
|
| 3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
|
|
Anterolateral/
pain |
| Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinomesencephalic tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
|
| Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
|
|
|
Motor/
descending |
| Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
|
| Extrapyramidal |
| flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
|
| flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
|
| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
|
| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
|
- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
|
|
| Basal ganglia |
| direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
|
| indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
|
| nigrostriatal pathway: |
|
|
|
| Cerebellar |
| Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
|
| Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
|
Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
|
| Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
- 1. 脊髄障害の解剖学および局在性anatomy and localization of spinal cord disorders [show details]
…neurons, which then cross the midline of the cord in the anterior commissure, just anterior to the central canal, and then enter the contralateral anterior or lateral spinothalamic tract. Axons mediating the …
- 2. 開放式前方component separation法open anterior component separation techniques [show details]
…muscle(s) divided, techniques of component separation can be broadly categorized into anterior and posterior. Anterior component separations divide the external oblique muscle lateral to the linea semilunaris …
- 3. 女性の骨盤臓器脱：後膣壁脱の外科的修復pelvic organ prolapse in women surgical repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse [show details]
… Anterior vaginal wall prolapse describes support abnormalities of the anterior wall of the vagina. Prolapse of the anterior wall typically coexists with prolapse at other anatomic sites (vaginal apex …
- 4. 口腔病変oral lesions [show details]
… white plaques most often located at the labial commissure or on the dorsal aspect of the tongue.… and the floor of the mouth and the anterior two-thirds of the tongue inferiorly.…
- 5. 心電図におけるQ波の病因および診断pathogenesis and diagnosis of q waves on the electrocardiogram [show details]
… effect of left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) on the ECG and, in particular, on the question of whether this common conduction disturbance can actually cause an anterior pseudo-infarct… bundle branch block (LBBB) patterns and Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) preexcitation patterns.…
English Journal
- Microsurgical anatomy of the central core of the brain.
- Ribas EC1,2, Yağmurlu K1, de Oliveira E3,4, Ribas GC5,2, Rhoton A Jr1.
- Journal of neurosurgery.J Neurosurg.2017 Dec 22:1-18. doi: 10.3171/2017.5.JNS162897. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 29271710
- Morphologic variability of the mitral valve leaflets.
- Krawczyk-Ożóg A1, Hołda MK2, Sorysz D3, Koziej M2, Siudak Z3, Dudek D3, Klimek-Piotrowska W2.
- The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.2017 Dec;154(6):1927-1935. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.07.067. Epub 2017 Aug 16.
- PMID 28893395
- Altered brain morphology after focal radiation reveals impact of off-target effects: implications for white matter development and neurogenesis.
- Beera KG1, Li YQ1, Dazai J1, Stewart J1, Egan S1, Ahmed M1, Wong CS1, Jaffray DA1, Nieman BJ1.
- Neuro-oncology.Neuro Oncol.2017 Nov 2. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nox211. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 29228390
Japanese Journal
- 正中部に病変が限局したび慢性脳損傷(Diffuse Brain Injury)の一剖検例 : DAI (Diffuse Axonal Injury)との異同について
- ラット脊髄小脳路の脊髄および下部延髄における経路 逆行性軸索流法による研究:逆行性軸索流法による研究
- 鶏の下垂体の顕微分光測光法的研究(II) : 視床下部破壊が雄鶏の生殖機能に及ぼす影響
Related Links
- Anterior white commissure The white commissure (commissura alba) is a bridge of white substance which connects the ventral columns over the dorsal end of the ventral median fissure and constitutes a conducting path from one side ...
- anterior commissure The anterior ligamentous attachment of the true vocal cords to the thyroid cartilage, which, because it lacks an internal perichondrium, is a common site of extension of squamous cell carcinomas from the anterior ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- anterior white commissure, anterior white commissure of spinal cord, ventral white commissure of spinal cord
[★]
- 関
- Caucasian、leuco、leuko、whites
[★]
- 関
- anterioris、anteriorly、before、fore、former、pre、prior
[★]
- 関
- Caucasian、white
[★]