- 関
- absolute
WordNet
- without water; especially without water of crystallization
- something that is conceived or that exists independently and not in relation to other things; something that does not depend on anything else and is beyond human control; something that is not relative; "no mortal being can influence the absolute"
- perfect or complete or pure; "absolute loyalty"; "absolute silence"; "absolute truth"; "absolute alcohol"
- complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as intensifiers; "absolute freedom"; "an absolute dimwit"; "a downright lie"; "out-and-out mayhem"; "an out-and-out lie"; "a rank outsider"; "many right-down vices"; "got the job through sheer persistence"; "sheer stupidity" (同)downright, out-and-out, rank, right-down, sheer
- not capable of being violated or infringed; "infrangible human rights" (同)infrangible, inviolable
- expressing finality with no implication of possible change; "an absolute guarantee to respect the nations authority"
- not limited by law; "an absolute monarch"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (化合物が)無水の,結晶水のない
- 『まったくの』,完全な(complete) / 『絶対的な力を持った』,絶対の / 確かな,確固とした(certain) / 無条件の,制約のない / (文法で)独立の,単独の
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/26 01:39:55」(JST)
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A substance is anhydrous if it contains no water, for example, salts lacking their water of crystallisation.[1] The way of achieving the anhydrous form differs from one substance to another.
Contents
- 1 Solvents
- 2 Gases
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Solvents
See also: Air-free technique § Associated preparations
In many cases, the presence of water can prevent a reaction from happening, or it can cause undesirable products to form. To prevent this, anhydrous solvents must be used when performing certain reactions. Examples of reactions requiring the use of anhydrous solvents are the Grignard reaction and the Wurtz reaction.
Solvents are commonly rendered anhydrous by boiling them in the presence of a hygroscopic substance; metallic sodium is one of the most common metals used. Other methods include the addition of molecular sieves or alkali bases such as potassium hydroxide or barium oxide. Column solvent purification devices (generally referred to as Grubb's columns) recently became available, reducing the hazards (water reactive substances, heat) from the classical dehydrating methods.[2][3]
Gases
Several substances that exist as gases at standard conditions of temperature and pressure are commonly used as concentrated aqueous solutions. To clarify that it is the gaseous form that is being referred to, the term anhydrous is prefixed to the name of the substance:
- gaseous ammonia is generally referred to as anhydrous ammonia to distinguish it from household ammonia, which is an ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution
- gaseous hydrogen chloride is generally referred to as anhydrous to distinguish it from the more commonly used 37% w/w solution in water
See also
References
- ^ Daintith, edited by John (2008). A dictionary of chemistry (6th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 37. ISBN 9780199204632.
- ^ Guidelines for solvent purification at UC Davis Archived September 4, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Drying Solvents". UCDavis Chemwiki. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Use of lycopene as a natural antioxidant in extending the shelf-life of anhydrous cow milk fat.
- Siwach R1, Tokas J2, Seth R1.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:541-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.009. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
- Oxidative rancidity in anhydrous cow milk fat leads to reduction in its shelf life. Use of synthetic antioxidants is prevalent in dairy industry to prevent the development of rancidity. Keeping in view the increasing demand for natural additives, the present study was carried out to explore the pote
- PMID 26776006
- (13)C solid-state NMR analysis of the most common pharmaceutical excipients used in solid drug formulations, Part I: Chemical shifts assignment.
- Pisklak DM1, Zielińska-Pisklak MA2, Szeleszczuk Ł3, Wawer I3.
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.J Pharm Biomed Anal.2016 Apr 15;122:81-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.032. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
- Solid-state NMR is an excellent and useful method for analyzing solid-state forms of drugs. In the (13)C CP/MAS NMR spectra of the solid dosage forms many of the signals originate from the excipients and should be distinguished from those of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). In this work the m
- PMID 26845204
- (13)C solid-state NMR analysis of the most common pharmaceutical excipients used in solid drug formulations Part II: CP kinetics and relaxation analysis.
- Pisklak DM1, Zielińska-Pisklak M2, Szeleszczuk Ł3, Wawer I3.
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.J Pharm Biomed Anal.2016 Apr 15;122:29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.030. Epub 2016 Jan 16.
- Excipients used in the solid drug formulations differ in their NMR relaxation and (13)C cross-polarization (CP) kinetics parameters. Therefore, experimental parameters like contact time of cross-polarization and repetition time have a major impact on the registered solid state NMR spectra and in con
- PMID 26836362
Japanese Journal
- Measuring Radon in High Humidity Air Using Anhydrous Calcium Sulfate and an Activated Charcoal Detector (特集 放射能泉の科学)
- Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Heterocyclic Condensed Systems with Bridgehead Nitrogen from Thiazolotriazole Class
- Barbuceanu Stefania-Felicia,Draghici Constantin,Barbuceanu Florica,Bancescu Gabriela,Saramet Gabriel
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 63(9), 694-700, 2015
- … For the synthesis of 2-(4-(4-X-phenylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-6(5H)-ones 4a–c, the triazoles 1a–c were treated with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, chloroacetic acid and anhydrous sodium acetate, in the presence of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. …
- NAID 130005096031
- Stability Conditions and Mechanism of Cream Soaps: Effect of Polyols
- Sagitani Hiromichi,Komoriya Masumi
- Journal of Oleo Science 64(8), 809-816, 2015
- … It was confirmed from the combined data of SAXS and DSC that the existence of anhydrous 1:1 acid soap gels (or with small amount of bound water) in the all polyol systems, whereas the coexistence of the anhydrate gel and the swelled gel with a lot of intermediate water in the only glycerol system. …
- NAID 130005090070
Related Links
- anhydrousとは。意味や和訳。[形]《化学》無水の，（特に）結晶水のないanhydrous salts無水塩. - goo英和辞書は14万項目以上を収録し、発音、音声、慣用句、例文が分かる英和辞書です。
- Indeed, the next category on the beauty horizon is anhydrous products, which do not require water to use them. anhydrous hydrogen chloride is hydrogen chloride that is free from water. Records note workers' exposure to anhydrous chlorine and boron trichloride vapors.
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- absolutely、anhydrous、categorically、obligate、unconditional、unconditioned
[★]
- 英
- anhydrous、(アルコール)absolute
- 関
- 絶対的、無条件、絶対
[★]
- 関
- anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate、calcium hydrogen phosphate、dibasic calcium phosphate
[★]
- 関
- calcium hydrogen phosphate、dibasic calcium phosphate、dicalcium phosphate anhydrous
[★]
- 関
- Amp、ampicillin、ampicillin hydrate、ampicillin sodium
[★]
- 関
- lactose