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an instrument that performs analyses (同)analyser

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=analyze

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/14 02:30:50」(JST)

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For the optical device, see Polarizer.

Look up analyser in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

An analyser, also spelt analyzer, is a person or device that analyses given data. It examines in detail the structure of the given data and tries to find patterns and relationships between parts of the data. An analyser can be a piece of hardware or a software program running on a computer.

An analyser can also be an instrument or device which conducts chemical analysis (or similar analysis) on samples or sample streams. Such samples consist of some type of matter such as solid, liquid, or gas. Many analysers perform such analyses automatically or mostly automatically, such as autoanalysers.

Chemical or substance analysers[edit]

The analysis can be done on samples which the operator brings to the analyser or the analyser can be connected to the source of the samples and the sampling be done automatically. The source of samples for automatic sampling is commonly some kind of process such as a chemical process. Analysers which are connected to a process, and conduct automatic sampling, can be called online (or on-line) analysers or sometimes inline (or in-line) analysers. For inline analysis, a sensor can be placed in a process vessel or stream of flowing material to conduct the analysis. Another method of online analysis is allowing a sample stream to flow from the process equipment into an analyser, sometimes conditioning the sample stream in between such as reducing pressure or changing the sample temperature. Such sampling is typically for fluids (either liquids or gases). If the sample stream is not substantially modified by the analyser, it can be returned to the process. Otherwise, the sample stream is not returned; for example, if any reagents have been added for the analysis.

The pressure of a sample stream can be lowered by a pressure reducing valve, particularly since many analysers are not designed to withstand high pressure. Such pressure reducing or similar valves may be used to control the flow rate to the online analyser. If the process pressure is insufficient to allow a sample stream to flow by itself to the analyser, a small pump may be used to move it there. The temperature of a hot sample may be lowered by use of an online sample cooler. The sampling and analysis can be done at the command of an operator, periodically (for example, every 15 minutes), or continuously - providing an analysis result vs. time graph on a chart recorder, computer, or other device. For periodic sampling, valves (or other devices) can be switched open to allow a fluid sample stream to flow to the analyser and shut when not sampling.

Some methods of inline analysis are so simple, such as electrical conductivity or pH, the instruments are usually not even called analysers. Salinity determined from simple online analysis is often determined from a conductivity measurement where the output signal is calibrated in terms of salinity concentration (for example ppm of NaCl). Various types of other analyses can be devised. Physical properties can include electrical conductivity (or effectively electrical resistivity), refractive index, and radioactivity measurement. Rather simple processes which use inline electrical conductivity determination are water purification processes which test how effectively salts have been removed from the output water. Variations of electrical conductivity measurement of solutions include cation and anion conductivity. Chromatography such as ion chromatography or HPLC often tests the output stream continuously by determination of electrical conductivity, particularly cation or anion conductivity, refractive index, colorimetry or ultraviolet/visible absorbance at a certain wavelength. Inline sensors for dissolved oxygen in water are available. There are online and offline analysers available for various other types of analytes. Many of these add reagents to the samples or sample streams.

Types of analysers[edit]

Automated analyser
Bus analyser
Differential analyser – early analogue computer
Electron microprobe
Lexical analyser
Logic analyser
Network analyser
Protocol analyser (packet sniffer)
Quadrupole mass analyser
Spectrum analyser
Vector signal analyser

English Journal

Fractionation and reconstitution experiments provide insight into the role of wheat starch in frozen dough.

Tao H1, Wang P1, Ali B1, Wu F2, Jin Z1, Xu X3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jan 1;190:588-93. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.123. Epub 2015 May 30.
The wheat dough was subjected to freezing/thawing treatment for 0, 3, 7, and 10 cycles and fractionated into non-gluten proteins and starch. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed changes in molecular mass distribution occurred for the extracted non-gluten proteins. As for the residual star
PMID 26213014

Hyaluronic acid co-functionalized gold nanoparticle complex for the targeted delivery of metformin in the treatment of liver cancer (HepG2 cells).

Kumar CS1, Raja MD2, Sundar DS3, Gover Antoniraj M1, Ruckmani K4.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2015 Sep 5;128:63-74. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.010. Epub 2015 Apr 20.
In this study, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was achieved using the extract of eggplant as a reducing agent. Hyaluronic acid (HA) serves as a capping and targeting agent. Metformin (MET) was successfully loaded on HA capped AuNPs (H-AuNPs) and this formulation binds easily on the sur
PMID 26005140

Neutrophil CD64 expression - comparison of two different flow cytometry protocols on EPICs MCL and the Leuko64(™) assay on a Celldyn Sapphire haematology analyser.

Eriksson O1, Douhan Håkansson L, Karawajczyk M, Garwicz D.
Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.Scand J Clin Lab Invest.2015 Sep;75(5):428-33. doi: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1031690. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Trillium Diagnostics Leuko64(™) assay on Abbott Celldyn Sapphire haematology analyser compared to two flow cytometry protocols on Beckman Coulter EPICS MCL flow cytometer.MATERIALS AND METHODS: CD64 expression on neutrophils was determined by two flow cytometry protocols
PMID 25874478

Japanese Journal

映画『ニシノユキヒコの恋と冒険』の世界

辻野稔哉
秋田大学教育文化学部研究紀要. 人文科学・社会科学自然科学 70, 45-51, 2015-03-01
… Nous allons analyser la stratégie de notreréalisatrice et rechercher le secret de ce film vraiment charmant. …
NAID 110009897019

Prospective Study of Arterial Stiffness and Subsequent Cognitive Decline Among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese

Taniguchi Yu,Fujiwara Yoshinori,Nofuji Yu,Nishi Mariko,Murayama Hiroshi,Seino Satoshi,Tajima Rika,Matsuyama Yutaka,Shinkai Shoji
Journal of Epidemiology advpub(0), 2015
… Pulse wave velocity was determined using an automated waveform analyser. …
NAID 130005090522

Effect of Iron Powder on Inhibition of Carbonation Process in Cementitious Materials

Kim Jeong-Jin,Heo Young-Sun,Noguchi Takafumi
ISIJ International 55(7), 1522-1530, 2015
… An electron probe micro-analyser was used to visually confirm the corrosion, ionisation, and diffusion of the iron powder that filled the pores in the cementitious materials. …
NAID 130005089756