WordNet

put in ones pocket; "He pocketed the change"
(bowling) the space between the headpin and the pins behind it on the right or left; "the ball hit the pocket and gave him a perfect strike"
a supply of money; "they dipped into the taxpayers pockets"
a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles
an opening at the corner or on the side of a billiard table into which billiard balls are struck
a small isolated group of people; "they were concentrated in pockets inside the city"; "the battle was won except for cleaning up pockets of resistance"
take unlawfully (同)bag
of or related to the amnion or characterized by developing an amnion; "amniotic membrane" (同)amnionic, amnic
a pustule in an eruptive disease

PrepTutorEJDIC

(洋服の)『ポケット』 / ポケットに似た物 / 所持金;資力 / (異質の物に囲まれた)(…の)小地域,小グループ《+『of』+『名』》 / ポケット(プール式ビリヤードで四隅と横に設けた玉の落ちる穴) / =air pocket / (鉱石を一時ためておく)土中の穴 / 携帯用の,小型の / …‘を'ポケットに入れる / 〈金など〉‘を'着服する
あばた

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1. 羊水量の評価 assessment of amniotic fluid volume
2. 羊水量調節の生理学 physiology of amniotic fluid volume regulation
3. Overview of antepartum fetal surveillance
4. 羊水塞栓症候群 amniotic fluid embolism syndrome
5. 羊水過少 oligohydramnios

English Journal

Toward consistent terminology: assessment and reporting of amniotic fluid volume.

Moise KJ Jr.Author information Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, UT Health School of Medicine, 6410 Fannin, Suite 210, Houston, TX 77030; Texas Fetal Center, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX. Electronic address: Kenneth.J.Moise@uth.tmc.edu.AbstractAmniotic fluid is typically measured by ultrasound using the amniotic fluid index (AFI) or the maximum vertical pocket (MVP). Although both parameters correlate poorly with the actual amniotic fluid volume measured with dye-dilution methods, cross-sectional studies have been used to establish gestational norms. The current acceptable definition of polyhydramnios in the late second and the third trimester in both singleton and multiple gestations is a MVP > 8 cm, while the definition of oligohydramnios is a MVP < 2 cm. The pocket to be measured should exclude the umbilical cord or fetal parts. Randomized clinical trials have indicated that defining oligohydramnios as a MVP < 2 cm will result in fewer obstetrical interventions and similar perinatal outcomes when compared to an AFI < 5 cm.
Seminars in perinatology.Semin Perinatol.2013 Oct;37(5):370-4. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2013.06.016.
Amniotic fluid is typically measured by ultrasound using the amniotic fluid index (AFI) or the maximum vertical pocket (MVP). Although both parameters correlate poorly with the actual amniotic fluid volume measured with dye-dilution methods, cross-sectional studies have been used to establish gestat
PMID 24176162

Construction of tissue-engineered cornea composed of amniotic epithelial cells and acellular porcine cornea for treating corneal alkali burn.

Luo H, Lu Y, Wu T, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Jin Y.Author information Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.AbstractAlthough acellular corneas have been reported to be a potential substitute for allogeneic cornea transplantation to treat corneal injury, severe corneal injury is hard to repair due to inflammation and neovascularization. The use of the amniotic membrane as a graft in ocular surface reconstruction has become widespread because of the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties of amniotic epithelial cells (AECs). Our objective was to construct a tissue-engineered cornea (TEC) composed of an acellular porcine cornea (APC) and AECs to repair severe corneal injury. Corneal cells were completely removed from the prepared APC, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, and stability of a natural porcine cornea (NPC) was maintained. In vitro, MTT and flow cytometry analyses showed that the APC did not negatively affect cell viability and apoptosis. In vivo, corneal pocket and subcutaneous transplantation demonstrated that the APC was incapable of trigging accepted immune response. AECs isolated from the human amniotic membrane have proliferation potential and present healthy morphology before 6 passages. After 7 days of culture on the surface of the APC, the AECs were stratified into 5-6 layers. We found that the AECs reconstituted the basement membrane that had been disrupted by the decellularization process. ELISA results showed that after culturing the TEC, the culture medium contained anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic growth factors, such as MIF, IL6, Fas-L, and PDEF. Finally, the results of lamellar keratoplasty to treat an alkali burn showed that the transplanted TEC was transparent and completely inoculated into the host cornea. However, the transplanted APC was degraded due to host rejection. Therefore, we conclude that a TEC composed of AECs and an APC holds great potential for the repair of severe corneal injury.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2013 Sep;34(28):6748-59. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.045. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
Although acellular corneas have been reported to be a potential substitute for allogeneic cornea transplantation to treat corneal injury, severe corneal injury is hard to repair due to inflammation and neovascularization. The use of the amniotic membrane as a graft in ocular surface reconstruction h
PMID 23764112

Prolonged and post-term pregnancies: guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF).

Vayssière C, Haumonte JB, Chantry A, Coatleven F, Debord MP, Gomez C, Le Ray C, Lopez E, Salomon LJ, Senat MV, Sentilhes L, Serry A, Winer N, Grandjean H, Verspyck E, Subtil D; French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF).Author information Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, CHU Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France. christophe.vayssiere@gmail.comAbstractThe duration of pregnancy varies between 40(+0) and 41(+3) weeks. Conventionally, and essentially arbitrarily, a pregnancy is considered to be "prolonged" after 41(+0) weeks, but the infant is not considered "post-term" until 42(+0) weeks (Professional consensus). A term birth thus occurs during the period from 37(+0) to 41(+6) weeks. In France, prolonged pregnancies (≥41(+0)weeks) involve 15-20% of pregnant women, and post-term pregnancies (≥42(+0) weeks) approximately 1%. The frequency of post-term pregnancies is very heterogeneous: in Europe and the United States, it ranges from 0.5% to 10% according to country. In prolonged pregnancies, the cesarean section rate-especially the emergency cesarean rate-is multiplied by approximately 1.5 (grade B). From 37(0-6) to 43(0-6) weeks, the risk of perinatal mortality increases regularly, from 0.7‰ to 5.8‰. Meconium aspiration syndrome is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, and its incidence increases regularly between 38(+0) and 42(+6) weeks, from 0.24‰ to 1.42‰ (grade B). Similarly, the risks of neonatal acidosis (grade B), 5-min Apgar scores less than 7 (grade B) and admissions to neonatal intensive care (grade B) increase progressively between 38(+0) and 42(+6) weeks. These risks appear to double for post-term growth-restricted newborns (grade C). Ultrasound dating of the pregnancy makes it possible to reduce the risk that it will be incorrectly considered prolonged and that labor will therefore be induced unnecessarily. To harmonize practices, if the crown-rump length (CRL) is correctly measured (this measurement should be taken between 11(+0) and 13(+6) weeks, when CRL should measure from 45 to 84mm), ultrasound dating based on it should be used to determine the official date pregnancy began, regardless of its difference from the date assumed by the patient or estimated based on the date of the last menstrual period. This rule does not apply to pregnancies by IVF, for which the date pregnancy began is defined by the date of oocyte retrieval (Professional consensus). From 37(0-6) to 43(0-6) weeks, the risk of perinatal mortality increases regularly and there is no threshold at which a clear increase in perinatal mortality becomes visible. Fetal monitoring by cardiotocography (CTG) that begins at 41(+0) weeks would cover approximately 20% of women and reduce perinatal morbidity compared with monitoring that begins at 42(+0) weeks (grade C). The frequency recommended for this monitoring ranges between two and three times a week (Professional consensus). For ultrasonography assessment, measurement of the largest fluid pocket is recommended, because measurement of the amniotic fluid index (that is, the sum of the four quadrants) is accompanied by more diagnoses of oligohydramnios, inductions of labor, and cesareans for fetal distress without any improvement in neonatal prognosis (grade A). The practice of assessing the Manning biophysical score increases the number of diagnoses of oligohydramnios and fetal heart rage (FHR) abnormalities and generates an increase in the rates of inductions and cesareans without improving neonatal prognosis. The use of this biophysical score in monitoring prolonged pregnancies is therefore not recommended (grade B). In the absence of a specific disorder, induction of labor can be proposed in patients between 41(+0) and 42(+6) weeks (grade B). Nonetheless, the choice of prolongation beyond above 42(+0) weeks appears to involve an increase in fetal risk, which must be explained to the patient and balanced against the potential disadvantages of induction (Professional consensus). Stripping the membranes can reduce the duration of pregnancy by increasing the number of patients going into labor spontaneously during the week afterward (grade B). Compared to an expectant approach, it does not increase the cesarean section rate (grade A). It reduces recourse to induction by 41% at 41(+0) weeks and by 72% at 42(+0) weeks (grade B), without increasing the risk of either membrane rupture or maternal or neonatal infection (grade B). Used as a tampon or vaginal gel, prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) are an effective method of inducing labor (grade A). They can be used to induce labor successfully, regardless of cervical ripeness (grade A). If misoprostol is chosen, the lowest dose is to be preferred, starting with a vaginal dose of 25μg every 3-6h (grade A). For misoprostol, more powerful studies remain necessary for better defining the doses, routes of administration, tolerance and indications. Misoprostol at any dose is contraindicated in women with uterine scars (grade B). Placement of an intracervical Foley catheter is an effective mechanical means of inducing labor, with less uterine hyperstimulation than prostaglandins and no increase in the cesarean section rate (grade A). Nonetheless, as the risk of infection might be increased, this technique requires more robust evaluation before entering general practice (grade B). In cases of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, pharyngeal aspiration before delivery of the shoulders is not recommended (grade A). The team managing a post-term newborn with meconium-stained amniotic fluid at birth must know how to perform intubation and, if the intubation is not helpful, endotracheal aspiration (grade C) and ventilation with a mask. Routine endotracheal intubation of a vigorous newborn is not recommended (grade A).
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology.Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol.2013 Jul;169(1):10-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.01.026. Epub 2013 Feb 20.
The duration of pregnancy varies between 40(+0) and 41(+3) weeks. Conventionally, and essentially arbitrarily, a pregnancy is considered to be "prolonged" after 41(+0) weeks, but the infant is not considered "post-term" until 42(+0) weeks (Professional consensus). A term birth thus occurs during the
PMID 23434325