α溶血性
WordNet
- first in order of importance; "the alpha male in the group of chimpanzees"; "the alpha star in a constellation is the brightest or main star"
- the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet
- the beginning of a series or sequence; "the Alpha and Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end"--Revelations
- early testing stage of a software or hardware product; "alpha version"
- relating to or involving or causing hemolysis; "hemolytic anemia" (同)haemolytic
- any high mountain
PrepTutorEJDIC
- アルファ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第1字A,α;英語のA,aに相当) / アルファ星(星座の主星)
- 高山,高峰
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/12/07 18:50:35」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Hemolyses of Streptococcus spp.
(left) α-hemolysis (S. mitis);
(middle) β-hemolysis (S. pyogenes);
(right) γ-hemolysis (= non-hemolytic,
S. salivarius)
Hemolysis (or haemolysis in British English) is the breakdown of red blood cells. The ability of bacterial colonies to induce hemolysis when grown on blood agar is used to classify certain microorganisms. This is particularly useful in classifying streptococcal species. A substance that causes hemolysis is a hemolysin.
Contents
- 1 Types
- 1.1 Alpha
- 1.2 Beta
- 1.3 Gamma
- 2 Hemedigestion
- 3 Notes
- 4 References
Types
Alpha
When alpha hemolysis (α-hemolysis) is present, the agar under the colony is dark and greenish. Streptococcus pneumoniae and a group of oral streptococci (Streptococcus viridans or viridans streptococci) display alpha hemolysis. This is sometimes called green hemolysis because of the color change in the agar. Other synonymous terms are incomplete hemolysis and partial hemolysis. Alpha hemolysis is caused by hydrogen peroxide produced by the bacterium, oxidizing hemoglobin to green methemoglobin.
Beta
Beta hemolysis (β-hemolysis), sometimes called complete hemolysis, is a complete lysis of red cells in the media around and under the colonies: the area appears lightened (yellow) and transparent. Streptolysin, an exotoxin, is the enzyme produced by the bacteria which causes the complete lysis of red blood cells. There are two types of streptolysin: Streptolysin O (SLO) and streptolysin S (SLS). Streptolysin O is an oxygen-sensitive cytotoxin, secreted by most Group A streptococcus (GAS), and interacts with cholesterol in the membrane of eukaryotic cells (mainly red and white blood cells, macrophages, and platelets), and usually results in β-hemolysis under the surface of blood agar. Streptolysin S is an oxygen-stable cytotoxin also produced by most GAS strains which results in clearing on the surface of blood agar. SLS affects immune cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes, and is thought to prevent the host immune system from clearing infection. Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A beta-hemolytic Strep (GAS), displays beta hemolysis.
Some weakly beta-hemolytic species cause intense beta hemolysis when grown together with a strain of Staphylococcus. This is called the CAMP test.[1] Streptococcus agalactiae displays this property. Clostridium perfringens can be identified presumptively with this test. Listeria monocytogenes is also positive on sheep's blood agar.
Gamma
If an organism does not induce hemolysis, the agar under and around the colony is unchanged, and the organism is called non-hemolytic or said to display gamma hemolysis (γ-hemolysis). Enterococcus faecalis (formerly called "Group D Strep") displays gamma hemolysis.
Hemedigestion
This is the nonspecific killing of blood cells by metabolic by-products of bacteria. This can be seen on a blood agar plate, when the blood surrounding the confluent part of your streak turns green, but there is no change around single colonies. Hemedigestion is seen with Vibrio cholerae.
Notes
- ^ The CAMP test is so called from the initials of those who initially described it, R. Christie, N. E. Atkins, and E. Munch-Peterson. It distinguishes Streptococcus agalactiae from the others.
References
- Ray, C. George; Ryan, Kenneth J.; Kenneth, Ryan (July 2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology: An Introduction to Infectious Diseases (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0. LCCN 2003054180. OCLC 52358530.
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
- 1. 細菌検査室におけるグラム染色および培養結果に対するアプローチapproach to gram stain and culture results in the microbiology laboratory [show details]
…useful for rapid differentiation of S. pneumoniae (which are bile soluble) from other alpha-hemolytic streptococci . Seldomly, pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) hydrolysis is used for further identification…
- 2. 連鎖球菌性咽頭炎の治療および予防treatment and prevention of streptococcal pharyngitis [show details]
…to decreased activity of penicillin against GAS . Penicillin also decreases the quantity of alpha-streptococci in the oropharynx, which naturally protect against GAS infection . Cumulatively, these effects…
- 3. C群およびG群レンサ球菌感染症group c and group g streptococcal infection [show details]
…belonging to Lancefield group C. The designation Streptococcus dysgalactiae was used for alpha-hemolytic streptococci isolated from cows belonging to Lancefield group C. DNA homology studies in the 1980s…
- 4. 成人の感染性心内膜炎患者のマネージメントの概要overview of management of infective endocarditis in adults [show details]
…alternative source (especially due to an organism that commonly causes endocarditis, such as alpha-hemolytic streptococci, beta-hemolytic streptococci, or enterococci). CIED pocket infection. In cases of suspected…
- 5. 小児における細菌性気管炎:臨床的特徴および診断bacterial tracheitis in children clinical features and diagnosis [show details]
…isolated bacteria include S. pneumoniae, group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes), alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Moraxella catarrhalis (which is more common among younger children ). Haemophilus …
English Journal
- Microbial Flora and Antibiotic Resistance in Peritonsillar Abscesses in Upstate New York.
- Plum AW1, Mortelliti AJ2, Walsh RE2.
- The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.2015 Nov;124(11):875-80. doi: 10.1177/0003489415589364. Epub 2015 May 28.
- OBJECTIVES: To identify the common bacteria in recent peritonsillar abscesses and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and compare both between adults and children.METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review at a single academic institution of patients who underwent either incision and drainage
- PMID 26023143
- Telavancin as an Alternative Treatment for Gram-Positive Bloodstream Infections in Patients with Cancer: A Case Control Study.
- Chaftari AM, Hachem R, Jordan M, Garoge K, Al Hamal Z, El Zakhem A, Viola GM, Granwehr B, Mulanovich V, Gagel A, Reitzel R, Yousif A, Jiang Y, Raad I1.
- Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2015 Oct 19. pii: AAC.00617-15. [Epub ahead of print]
- Gram-positive bacteria infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients despite current therapy. In this case control study, we evaluated the clinical outcomes and safety of telavancin in cancer patients with uncomplicated gram-positive BSIs. Between March 2011 and May
- PMID 26482312
- Microbiologic Examination of Bandage Contact Lenses Used after Corneal Collagen Cross-linking Treatment.
- Yuksel E1, Yalcin NG, Kilic G, Cubuk MO, Ozmen MC, Altay A, Çağlar K, Bilgihan K.
- Ocular immunology and inflammation.Ocul Immunol Inflamm.2015 Aug 24:1-6. [Epub ahead of print]
- PURPOSE: To investigate the agents of bacterial contamination of contact lenses after corneal collagen cross-linking (CCL), and to present the possible changes of ocular flora after riboflavin/ultraviolet A.METHODS: Seventy-two contact lenses of patients who underwent CCL and 41 contact lenses of pa
- PMID 25760913
Japanese Journal
- <i>Aerococcus urinae</i>による重症感染性心内膜炎の1例
- 中村 友紀,天野 ともみ,松井 奈津子,蔵前 仁,中村 清忠,伊藤 誠
- 医学検査 68(1), 186-191, 2019
- <p>血液培養より<i>Aerococcus urinae</i>を分離した重症感染性心内膜炎の1症例を経験した。患者は大動脈弁閉鎖不全症による大動脈弁置換術,慢性膀胱炎の既往のある70歳代の男性。来院時の血液培養よりCluster状のグラム陽性球菌を認めた。分離培養を行ったところ血液寒天培地に小型のα溶血性レンサ球菌様のコロニーが発育し,質量分析装置による同定 …
- NAID 130007557518
- 経過中に DIC を発症し,腎不全に至った IgA 血管炎の 1 例
- 森坂 広行,寺石 美香,佐野 ほづみ,志賀 建夫,山本 真有子,中島 英貴,松本 竜季,佐野 栄紀
- 西日本皮膚科 78(2), 117-120, 2016
- 76 歳,女性。咽頭痛出現後に下腿に紫斑を生じて当科を受診した。初診時,両下腿から足背に紫斑が散在し,足背には拇指頭大の血疱を認めた。下腿の皮膚生検を施行し,好中球による核破砕性血管炎,蛍光抗体法で真皮浅層細静脈壁に IgA,C3 の沈着を認め,IgA 血管炎と診断した。血液凝固第 XIII 因子の著明な低下および尿蛋白を認めたため,入院のうえ抗生剤の内服治療を行った。紫斑は軽快傾向を示したが,第 …
- NAID 130005163122
- <i>Streptococcus gallolyticus</i> subsp. <i>gallolyticus</i>が分離さ れた黒毛和種繁殖牛の壊疽性乳房炎
- 又吉 正直,船倉 栄,神川 桂子 [他],青山 恭子,片桐 慶人,野本 竜平,大澤 朗,関崎 勉
- 日本獣医師会雑誌 68(5), 291-296, 2015
- 2012年,沖縄県石垣市で4歳の黒毛和種の繁殖牛が分娩後7日前後から左後乳房が腫脹,硬結し,壊疽性乳房炎と診断された.乳汁の細菌検査では<b>α</b>溶血性グラム陽性球菌が1.4×10<sup>5</sup>CFU/m<i>l</i>で分離された.分離菌はAPI 20 Strep及び<i>sodA</i&g …
- NAID 130005078179
Related Links
- α-hemolytic strep·to·coc·ci streptococci that form a green variety of reduced hemoglobin in the area of the colony on a blood agar medium. See also: Streptococcus viridans. alpha-hemolytic streptococci pl.n. Streptococci that ...
- alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus alpha-hydroxy acid alpha-hydroxy acid alpha-hydroxy acid alpha-hydroxy acids alpha-hydroxy acids alpha-hydroxyethylthiamin pyrophosphate alpha-hydroxypropionic acid alpha-interferon alpha-k ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- alpha-hemolytic
- 関
- 溶血性
[★]
- 関
- haemolysis、haemolytic、hemolysis、hemolyze
[★]
α、アルファ
- 関
- alfa