WordNet

first in order of importance; "the alpha male in the group of chimpanzees"; "the alpha star in a constellation is the brightest or main star"
the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet
the beginning of a series or sequence; "the Alpha and Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end"--Revelations
early testing stage of a software or hardware product; "alpha version"
the 13th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)m
any high mountain

PrepTutorEJDIC

アルファ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第1字A,α;英語のA,aに相当) / アルファ星(星座の主星)
Mach number / mark[s] / Monsieur
Mississippi
高山,高峰

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/22 20:05:07」(JST)

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α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH; α-MSH), also known as alpha-melanotropin, alpha-melanocortin, or alpha-intermedin, is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide hormone of the melanocortin family, with a tridecapeptide structure and the amino acid sequence Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH₂. It is the most important of the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs; also known as melanotropins) in stimulating melanogenesis, a process which in mammals (including humans) is responsible for pigmentation primarily of the hair and skin. It also plays a role in feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, and sexual activity.

α-MSH is a nonselective agonist of the melanocortin receptors MC₁, MC₃, MC₄ and MC₅, but not MC₂ [which is exclusive for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)]. Activation of the MC₁ receptor is responsible for its effect on pigmentation, whereas its regulation of appetite, metabolism, and sexual behavior is mediated through both the MC₃ and MC₄ receptors.

It is generated as a proteolyic cleavage product from ACTH (1-13), which is in turn a cleavage product of proopiomelanocortin (POMC).

A few synthetic analogues of α-MSH have been investigated as medicinal drugs due to their photoprotective effects against ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. They include afamelanotide (melanotan) and melanotan II, the former of which is in phase-III clinical trials in the United States. Bremelanotide, another analogue of α-MSH, is currently under development not as a photoprotective agent, but instead for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. All of these drugs have significantly greater potencies than α-MSH, along with improved pharmacokinetics and distinctive selectivity profiles.

References[edit]

^ Langan EA, Nie Z, Rhodes LE (September 2010). "Melanotropic peptides: more than just 'Barbie drugs' and 'sun-tan jabs'?". The British Journal of Dermatology 163 (3): 451–5. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09891.x. PMID 20545686.

UpToDate Contents

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1. レプチンの生理学 physiology of leptin
2. 骨髄性プロトポルフィリン症およびX連鎖優性プロトポルフィリン症 erythropoietic protoporphyria and x linked protoporphyria
3. コルチコトロピン-放出ホルモン（CRH）の生理学 physiology of corticotropin releasing hormone
4. ACTH、CRH、および他の視床下部／下垂体ペプチドの測定 measurement of acth crh and other hypothalamic and pituitary peptides
5. 妊娠中の肌、髪、爪、粘膜 the skin hair nails and mucous membranes during pregnancy

English Journal

MC1R expression in HaCaT keratinocytes inhibits UVA-induced ROS production via NADPH Oxidase- and cAMP-dependent mechanisms.

Henri P, Beaumel S, Guezennec A, Poumès C, Stoebner PE, Stasia MJ, Guesnet J, Martinez J, Meunier L.SourceInstitute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University Montpellier I and II, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2012 Jun;227(6):2578-85. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22996.
Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiations are responsible for deleterious effects, mainly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) binds to melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) in melanocytes to stimulate pigmentation and modulate cutaneous inflammatory responses
PMID 21898403

Characterization of a novel tyrosinase inhibitor, (2RS,4R)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (MHY384).

Han YK, Park YJ, Ha YM, Park D, Lee JY, Lee N, Yoon JH, Moon HR, Chung HY.SourceMolecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Research center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2012 Apr;1820(4):542-9. Epub 2012 Jan 9.
BACKGROUND: We synthesized (2RS,4R)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (MHY384) as a potential tyrosinase inhibitor and investigated its antityrosinase activity.METHODS: The structure of MHY384 was established using (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectral analyses. To in
PMID 22251576

Japanese Journal

2P240 固体NMRを用いたモデル生体脂質膜に結合したα-MSH主鎖の立体構造解析(生体膜・人工膜 A) 構造・物性))

武田英輔,西村勝之,吉良敦史,内藤晶
生物物理 45(SUPPLEMENT_1), S179, 2005-10-19
NAID 110004571571

Polyelectrolyte multilayers functionalized by a synthetic analogue of an anti-inflammatory peptide, alpha-MSH, for coating a tracheal prosthesis

SCHULTZ P
Biomaterials 26, 2621-2630, 2005
NAID 80017787394

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「αMSH」「αメラニン細胞刺激ホルモン」「α-メラニン細胞刺激ホルモン」「alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone」
関連記事	「MS」「MSH」「alpha」「M」

「αMSH」

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
	IUPAC name N-acetyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-methionyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-histidyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-tryptophylglycyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-valinamide
	Other names Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2
Identifiers
CAS number	581-05-5
PubChem	16132636
ChemSpider	17289286
ChEMBL	CHEMBL385886
	InChI InChI=1S/C77H109N21O19S/c1-42(2)64(65(79)106)97-75(116)61-20-13-30-98(61)76(117)54(18-10-11-28-78)88-62(103)38-85-66(107)57(34-46-36-84-50-17-9-8-16-49(46)50)94-67(108)51(19-12-29-83-77(80)81)89-70(111)55(32-44-14-6-5-7-15-44)92-72(113)58(35-47-37-82-41-86-47)95-68(109)52(25-26-63(104)105)90-69(110)53(27-31-118-4)91-74(115)60(40-100)96-71(112)56(33-45-21-23-48(102)24-22-45)93-73(114)59(39-99)87-43(3)101/h5-9,14-17,21-24,36-37,41-42,51-61,64,84,99-100,102H,10-13,18-20,25-35,38-40,78H2,1-4H3,(H2,79,106)(H,82,86)(H,85,107)(H,87,101)(H,88,103)(H,89,111)(H,90,110)(H,91,115)(H,92,113)(H,93,114)(H,94,108)(H,95,109)(H,96,112)(H,97,116)(H,104,105)(H4,80,81,83) ; Key: WHNFPRLDDSXQCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/C77H109N21O19S/c1-42(2)64(65(79)106)97-75(116)61-20-13-30-98(61)76(117)54(18-10-11-28-78)88-62(103)38-85-66(107)57(34-46-36-84-50-17-9-8-16-49(46)50)94-67(108)51(19-12-29-83-77(80)81)89-70(111)55(32-44-14-6-5-7-15-44)92-72(113)58(35-47-37-82-41-86-47)95-68(109)52(25-26-63(104)105)90-69(110)53(27-31-118-4)91-74(115)60(40-100)96-71(112)56(33-45-21-23-48(102)24-22-45)93-73(114)59(39-99)87-43(3)101/h5-9,14-17,21-24,36-37,41-42,51-61,64,84,99-100,102H,10-13,18-20,25-35,38-40,78H2,1-4H3,(H2,79,106)(H,82,86)(H,85,107)(H,87,101)(H,88,103)(H,89,111)(H,90,110)(H,91,115)(H,92,113)(H,93,114)(H,94,108)(H,95,109)(H,96,112)(H,97,116)(H,104,105)(H4,80,81,83); Key: WHNFPRLDDSXQCL-UHFFFAOYAP ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C77H109N21O19S
Molar mass	1664.884 g/mol
Pharmacology
Elimination; half-life	20 minutes
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references