WordNet

the muscles of the abdomen (同)abdominal_muscle, ab
of or relating to or near the abdomen; "abdominal muscles"
the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries

PrepTutorEJDIC

(比較変化なし)腹の,腹部の
大動脈

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/22 20:53:05」(JST)

wiki en

The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of the descending aorta (of the thorax).

Structure[edit]

The abdominal aorta begins at the level of the diaphragm, crossing it via the aortic hiatus, technically behind the diaphragm, at the vertebral level of T12. It travels down the posterior wall of the abdomen, anterior to the vertebral column. It thus follows the curvature of the lumbar vertebrae, that is, convex anteriorly. The peak of this convexity is at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3). It runs parallel to the inferior vena cava, which is located just to the right of the abdominal aorta, and becomes smaller in diameter as it gives off branches. This is thought to be due to the large size of its principal branches. At the 11th rib, the diameter is 122mm long and 55mm wide and this is because of the constant pressure

Branches[edit]

The abdominal aorta supplies blood to much of the abdominal cavity. It begins at T12, and usually has the following branches:

Artery Branch	Vertebra	Type	Paired?	A/P	Description
inferior phrenic	T12	Parietal	yes	post.	originates just below the diaphragm, supplying it from below
celiac	Upper L1	Visceral	no	ant.	large anterior branch
superior mesenteric	Lower L1	Visceral	no	ant.	large anterior branch, arises just below celiac trunk
middle suprarenal	L1	Visceral	yes	post.	to adrenal gland
renal	In between L1 and L2	Visceral	yes	post.	large artery, each arising from the side of the aorta; supplies corresponding kidney; arises in the transpyloric plane
gonadal	L2	Visceral	yes	ant.	ovarian artery in females; testicular artery in males
lumbar	L1-L4	Parietal	yes	post.	four on each side that supply the abdominal wall and spinal cord
inferior mesenteric	L3	Visceral	no	ant.	large anterior branch
median sacral	L4	Parietal	no	post.	artery arising from the middle of the aorta at its lowest part
common iliac	L4	Terminal	yes	post.	branches (bifurcates) to supply blood to the lower limbs and the pelvis, ending the abdominal aorta

Note that the bifurcation (union) of the inferior vena cava is at L5 and therefore below that of the bifurcation of the aorta.

Contrast enhanced MRA of the abdominal aorta demonstrating normal paired arteries.

inferior phrenic a.
celiac a.
1. left gastric a.
2. splenic a.
  1. short gastric arteries (6)
  2. splenic arteries (6)
  3. left gastroepiploic a.
3. common hepatic a.
  1. cystic a.
  2. right gastric a.
  3. gastroduodenal a.
    1. right gastroepiploic a.
    2. superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
  4. right hepatic a.
  5. left hepatic a.
superior mesenteric a.
1. jejunal and ileal arteries
2. inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
3. middle colic a.
4. right colic a.
5. ileocolic a
  1. anterior cecal a.
  2. posterior cecal a. – appendicular a.
  3. ileal a.
  4. colic a.
middle suprarenal a.
renal a.
testicular or ovarian a.
four lumbar arteries
inferior mesenteric a.
1. left colic a.
2. sigmoid arteries (2 or 3)
3. superior rectal a.
median sacral a.
common iliac a.
1. external iliac a.
2. internal iliac a.

Relations[edit]

The abdominal aorta lies slightly to the left of the midline of the body. It is covered, anteriorly, by the lesser omentum and stomach, behind which are the branches of the celiac artery and the celiac plexus; below these, by the lienal vein(splenic vein), the pancreas, the left renal vein, the inferior part of the duodenum, the mesentery, and aortic plexus.

Posteriorly, it is separated from the lumbar vertebræ and intervertebral fibrocartilages by the anterior longitudinal ligament and left lumbar veins.

On the right side it is in relation above with the azygos vein, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and the right crus of the diaphragm—the last separating it from the upper part of the inferior vena cava, and from the right celiac ganglion; the inferior vena cava is in contact with the aorta below.

On the left side are the left crus of the diaphragm, the left celiac ganglion, the ascending part of the duodenum, and some coils of the small intestine.

Relationship with inferior vena cava[edit]

The abominal aorta's venous counterpart, the inferior vena cava (IVC), travels parallel to it on its right side.

Above the level of the umbilicus, the aorta is somewhat posterior to the IVC, sending the right renal artery travelling behind it. The IVC likewise sends its opposite side counterpart, the left renal vein, crossing in front of the aorta.
Below the level of the umbilicus, the situation is generally reversed, with the aorta sending its right common iliac artery to cross its opposite side counterpart (the left common iliac vein) anteriorly.

Collateral circulation[edit]

The collateral circulation would be carried on by the anastomoses between the internal thoracic artery and the inferior epigastric artery; by the free communication between the superior and inferior mesenterics, if the ligature were placed between these vessels; or by the anastomosis between the inferior mesenteric artery and the internal pudendal artery, when (as is more common) the point of ligature is below the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery; and possibly by the anastomoses of the lumbar arteries with the branches of the internal iliac artery.

Development[edit]

Clinical relevance[edit]

Aneurysm[edit]

Main article: Abdominal aortic aneurysm

History[edit]

Additional images[edit]

The celiac artery and its branches; the stomach has been raised and the peritoneum removed.
Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas.
CT scan showing the liver and a kidney
A transverse contrast enhanced CT scan demonstrating an abdominal aortic aneurysm of 4.8 by 3.8 cm
Ultrasound image of a normal abdominal aorta measuring 1.9 cm (0.75 in) in diameter.
Abdominal aorta

External links[edit]

UCC

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 腹部大動脈瘤の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm
2. 無症候性腹部大動脈瘤のマネージメント management of asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm
3. 腹部大動脈瘤の概要 overview of abdominal aortic aneurysm
4. 腹部大動脈瘤のスクリーニング screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm
5. 血管内腹部大動脈修復術の合併症 complications of endovascular abdominal aortic repair

English Journal

Novel sealing concept in the Endologix AFX unibody stent-graft.

Diethrich EB.Author information Arizona Heart Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, USA - ediethrich@azheartfoundation.org.AbstractA major ongoing challenge for the endograft industry has been to create an endograft that assures the same reliable aneurysm seal afforded by surgical resection and suturing of a prosthetic graft to the abdominal aortic wall. The focus of these developmental efforts has always been the proximal neck, where the endo-graft must be firmly affixed to the aorta to prevent device movement and seal against leakage. The two mechanisms of fixation and seal, however, apply to both the proximal and the distal landing zones. Today's bifurcated stent-graft is configured much as it was two decades ago, with a short main body and long limbs, one of which must be mated to the main body after its deployment. The unibody Powerlink endograft made by Endologix, with its long main body and two innate limbs, is deployed so that it rests on the native aortoiliac bifurcation, the first and still only bifurcated endograft design to use anatomical fixation for stabilization and separate seal from fixation. The original Powerlink stent-graft has several design features that have allowed engineers to evolve new sealing technology that is featured on the company's latest iteration, the AFX Endovascular AAA System. This article reviews the approaches taken to enhance the device's ability to reduce type I endoleaks and provides some insight into the challenges of creating the perfect seal for an aortic stent-graft.
The Journal of cardiovascular surgery.J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino).2014 Feb;55(1):93-102.
A major ongoing challenge for the endograft industry has been to create an endograft that assures the same reliable aneurysm seal afforded by surgical resection and suturing of a prosthetic graft to the abdominal aortic wall. The focus of these developmental efforts has always been the proximal neck
PMID 24356051

Arterial hypertension in a murine model of sleep apnea: role of NADPH oxidase 2.

Schulz R, Murzabekova G, Egemnazarov B, Kraut S, Eisele HJ, Dumitrascu R, Heitmann J, Seimetz M, Witzenrath M, Ghofrani HA, Schermuly RT, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Weissmann N.Author information aUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, German Lung Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin cDepartment of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.AbstractOBJECTIVES: To investigate whether NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributes to the emergence of arterial hypertension in a murine model of sleep apnea.
Journal of hypertension.J Hypertens.2014 Feb;32(2):300-5. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000016.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributes to the emergence of arterial hypertension in a murine model of sleep apnea.BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for arterial hypertension and it is linked to
PMID 24270180

Statins promote residual aneurysm sac regression following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.

Gray C, Goodman P, O'Malley MK, O'Donohoe MK, McDonnell CO.Author information 1Department of Vascular Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.AbstractBackground: Regression of the residual sac is indicative of successful endovascular aortic aneurysm (EVAR) repair. Using color duplex ultrasound (CDU), we monitored the residual aneurysm sac following EVAR and correlated sac behavior with perioperative risk factors. Methods: Of 145 patients with EVAR, 106 (73.1%) patients between January 01, 2003, and July 01, 2010, had at least 2 consecutive postoperative scans and thus were eligible for inclusion. Mean (± standard deviation [SD]) CDU scans per person was 4.6 (±1.4). All were conducted by the same technologist using a standard protocol on the same machine. Aneurysm sac change in centimeters and percentage terms was calculated. The presence or absence of an endoleak was also recorded. Change in aneurysm sac size was correlated with preoperative risk factors. Findings: Mean sac size change at 1 month was a decrease of 0.24 cm, equating to a percentage change of 4.3%. At 7 months, the decrease was 0.59 cm (9.8%), at 12 months, 0.73 cm (12.4%), at 18 months 0.92 cm (15.8%), and at 36 months 1.0 cm (16.6%). Both univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that statin therapy (P = .002) was the only risk factor variable positively associated with aneurysm regression while the presence of an endoleak was inversely related to sac reduction (P = .01). Interpretation: Maximum aneurysmal sac reduction seems to occur in the first year following endograft implantation. Statin therapy appears to be associated with an increased likelihood of sac regression following EVAR. Further investigation of the role of statins in the biology of abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease is warranted.
Vascular and endovascular surgery.Vasc Endovascular Surg.2014 Feb;48(2):111-5. doi: 10.1177/1538574413513846. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
Background: Regression of the residual sac is indicative of successful endovascular aortic aneurysm (EVAR) repair. Using color duplex ultrasound (CDU), we monitored the residual aneurysm sac following EVAR and correlated sac behavior with perioperative risk factors. Methods: Of 145 patients with EVA
PMID 24347280

Japanese Journal

Sccessful coronary intervention combinig common guiding catheter in long guiding sheath

川本浩禎,栗田直幸,中村淳
Journal of the Japanese Coronary Association, 2013
… A case was 57-year old man with hemodialysis, distal abdominal aorta obstruction, post right axilla bi-femoral bypasssurgery and left forearm shunts construction. …
NAID 130002585934

Prevalence and Clinical Outcome of Polyvascular Atherosclerotic Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Intervention

Miura Takashi,Soga Yoshimitsu,Doijiri Tatsuki,Aihara Hideaki,Yokoi Hiroyoshi,Iwabuchi Masashi,Nobuyoshi Masakiyo
Circulation Journal 77(1), 89-95, 2013
… defined as lower extremity artery disease, carotid artery disease, renal artery disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysm) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). … The carotid, renal and peripheral arteries and abdominal aorta were simultaneously evaluated using duplex ultrasound and ankle-brachial index to evaluate the presence of polyVD. …
NAID 130001870115

リンパ節転移が疑われた多中心性後腹膜Ganglioneuromaの1例

石田寛明,岸田健,村岡研太郎他
泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 58(11), 629-632, 2012-11-00
… A 39-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to left abdominal mass which was incidentally pointed out by computed tomographic (CT) scan. … Abdominal enhanced CT showed an 85 mm solid mass, which had clustered calcifications and was enhanced weakly. … An additional 1cm tumor which mimics lymph node metastasis along the aorta was found during the operation and removed. …
NAID 40019497543

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

拡張検索	「coarctation of the abdominal aorta」「chronic occlusion of the terminal abdominal aorta」
関連記事	「abdominal」

「coarctation of the abdominal aorta」

Artery: Abdominal aorta
	The abdominal aorta and its branches.
Latin	Aorta abdominalis,; pars abdominalis aortae
Gray's	subject #154, p.602
Source	Thoracic aorta
Branches	Celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, common iliac 6 others
Vein	Inferior vena cava
MeSH	Aorta,+Abdominal

　　[★] 異型大動脈縮窄症。腹部大動脈縮窄症

「chronic occlusion of the terminal abdominal aorta」

　　[★] 大動脈分岐部慢性閉塞症

「abdominal」

　　[★]

adj.

腹腔の、腹部の

関: abdomen、abdominal cavity、abdominis、belly、celiac、coeliac、peritoneal cavity、ventral

匿名

検索

案内

案内

abdominal aorta