関: Cyprinodontiformes、Gambusia、killifish、mosquito fish、platyfish

WordNet

small mostly marine warm-water carp-like schooling fishes; used as bait or aquarium fishes or in mosquito control
mosquitofish (同)genus Gambusia

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/04 04:38:38」(JST)

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Xiphophorus is a genus of euryhaline and freshwater fishes in the family Poeciliidae of order Cyprinodontiformes. The many Xiphophorus species are all called either platyfish (or platies) or swordtails. The type species is X. hellerii, the green swordtail. Platyfish and swordtails are live-bearers, meaning that they reproduce via internal fertilization. The name Xiphophorus derives from the Greek words ξίφος (dagger) and φόρος (bearer), referring to the gonopodium.

The various Xiphophorus species are native to areas of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and especially Mexico. All small fishes, which reach maximum lengths of 3.5–16 cm (1.4–6.3 in) depending on the exact species.^[1] Three species and their hybrids are common in the aquarium trade: the green swordtail (X. hellerii), the southern platyfish (X. maculatus) and the variable platyfish (X. variatus). IUCN lists two Xiphophorus species, the marbled swordtail (X. meyeri) and the northern platyfish (X. gordoni), as Endangered, while the Monterrey platyfish (X. couchianus) is listed as Critically Endangered.

Human uses

Xiphophorus species are regularly used in genetic studies, and scientists have developed many interspecific hybrids.^[2] The Xiphophorus Genetic stock center, founded by Myron Gordon in 1939, is an important source of these fish for research.^[3]

In addition, several species are commonly kept by aquarium hobbyists, especially X. helleri, X. maculatus, and X. variatus. In fact, these are a key category in fishkeeping, a group of extremely hardy livebearing fish, along with the molly and guppy, that adapt to almost any water conditions, from cold to tropical, freshwater to fully marine. Unlike some species, these are available almost completely as captive-raised, because of the ease with which they breed.

Species

Female Xiphophorus maculatus.

The currently recognized species in this genus, according to FishBase,^[1] are listed below (but see Swordtails and Platies by Axelrod ^[4]).

Swordtails:

Xiphophorus alvarezi D. E. Rosen, 1960 (Chiapas swordtail)
Xiphophorus birchmanni Lechner & Radda, 1987 (sheepshead swordtail)
Xiphophorus clemenciae Álvarez, 1959 (yellow swordtail)
Xiphophorus cortezi D. E. Rosen, 1960 (delicate swordtail)
Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848 (green swordtail)
Xiphophorus kallmani M. K. Meyer & Schartl, 2003
Xiphophorus malinche Rauchengerger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990 (highland swordtail)
Xiphophorus mayae M. K. Meyer & chartl, 2002
Xiphophorus meyeri Schartl & Schröder, 1988 (marbled swordtail)
Xiphophorus mixei Kallman, Walter, Morizot & Kazianis, 2004 (Mixe swordtail)
Xiphophorus montezumae D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1899 (Montezuma swordtail)
Xiphophorus monticolus Kallman, Walter, Morizot & Kazianis, 2004 (southern mountain swordtail)
Xiphophorus multilineatus Rauchengerger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990
Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl Rauchengerger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990 (mountain swordtail)
Xiphophorus nigrensis D. E. Rosen, 1960 (Panuco swordtail)
Xiphophorus pygmaeus C. L. Hubbs & Gordon, 1943 (pygmy swordtail)
Xiphophorus signum D. E. Rosen & Kallman, 1969

Platies:

Xiphophorus andersi M. K. Meyer & Schartl, 1980 (spiketail platyfish)
Xiphophorus continens Rauchengerger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990 (short-sword platyfish)
Xiphophorus couchianus (Girard, 1859) (Monterrey platyfish)
Xiphophorus evelynae D. E. Rosen, 1960 (Puebla platyfish)
Xiphophorus gordoni R. R. Miller & W. L. Minckley, 1963 (northern platyfish)
Xiphophorus kosszanderi M. K. Meyer & Wischnath, 1981, sometimes considered a natural hybrid in which case the name would be invalid^[4]
Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866) (southern platyfish)
Xiphophorus milleri D. E. Rosen, 1960 (Catemaco platyfish)
Xiphophorus roseni M. K. Meyer & Wischnath, 1981, sometimes considered a natural hybrid in which case the name would be invalid^[4]
Xiphophorus variatus (Meek, 1904) (variable platyfish)
Xiphophorus xiphidium (Gordon, 1932) (swordtail platyfish)

References

"Xiphophorus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 9 December 2004.

^ ^a ^b Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). Species of Xiphophorus in FishBase. August 2012 version.
^ http://www.xiphophorus.txstate.edu/stockcenter/galleries/hybrid.html
^ http://www.xiphophorus.txstate.edu/about/introduction.html
^ ^a ^b ^c H. R. Axelrod & L. Wischnath, 1991^{[full citation needed]}

External links

xiphophorus.org
xiphophorus.net(Chinese ver.)

English Journal

Comparative evaluation of Na(+) uptake in Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Lacepede) and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi (Carr) (Cyprinodontiformes, Teleostei): Evaluation of NHE function in high and low Na(+) freshwater.

Brix KV1, Esbaugh AJ2, Mager EM3, Grosell M3.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol.2015 Jul;185:115-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.04.002. Epub 2015 Apr 11.
The euryhaline pupfish, Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Cvv), can successfully osmoregulate in ≥2 mM Na(+) and a freshwater population (Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi; Cvh) osmoregulates at ≥0.1mM Na(+). We previously demonstrated that Cvv relies on an apical NKCC and NHE in the gill for Na(+) u
PMID 25868437

The complete mitochondrial genome of the killifish Orestias sp. (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae) from the high Andean range.

Quezada-Romegialli C1, Guerrero CJ, Véliz D, Vila I.
Mitochondrial DNA.Mitochondrial DNA.2015 Jun 29:1-2. [Epub ahead of print]
The killifish genus Orestias is endemic to freshwater ecosystems in the High Andes of Peru, Bolivia and Chile. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies with partial mitochondrial genes have failed to resolve relationship among species, needing more comprehensive approaches. In this study, we describ
PMID 26119115

Morphological and molecular description of eight new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from poeciliid fishes, collected in their natural distribution range in the Gulf of Mexico slope, Mexico.

García-Vásquez A1, Razo-Mendivil U, Rubio-Godoy M.
Parasitology research.Parasitol Res.2015 Jun 21. [Epub ahead of print]
Eight new species of Gyrodactylus are described from Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliopsis gracilis, Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus [syn. = Heterandria bimaculata], and Xiphophorus hellerii collected in the Nautla and La Antigua River Basins in Veracruz, and in the Tecolutla River Basin in Puebla, Mexico.
PMID 26091759

Japanese Journal

会員報告新知見紹介沖永良部島におけるXiphophorus maculatus (Gunther, 1866)の定着記録と新標準和名サザンプラティフィッシュの提唱

魚類学雑誌 61(1), 48-50, 2014-04-25
NAID 40020091634

ソードテールフィッシュXiphophorus helleriの生殖腺の発達と二次性徴

坂本真衣,小山千里,小池啓一
群馬大学教育学部紀要自然科学編 59, 77-90, 2011
NAID 40018794324

プラティにおける網揉みによる水カビ人為感染

Hanjavanit Chutima,Panchai Kwanprasert,和田新平 [他],倉田修,畑井喜司雄
水産増殖 = The aquiculture 58(4), 533-537, 2010-12-20
NAID 10029847066

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リンク元	「killifish」「Gambusia」「mosquito fish」「platyfish」「クシフォフォルス属」
拡張検索	「Xiphophorus属」「Xiphophorus maculatus」

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Xiphophorus
	Green swordtail, Xiphophorus hellerii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cyprinodontiformes
Family:	Poeciliidae
Genus:	Xiphophorus; Heckel, 1848
Type species
	Xiphophorus hellerii; Heckel, 1848
Species
	See text.

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