関: Atlantic killifish、Fundulidae、Fundulus、Fundulus heteroclitus、killifish、topminnow

WordNet

silver-and-black killifish of saltwater marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States (同)Fundulus_heteroclitus
small mostly marine warm-water carp-like schooling fishes; used as bait or aquarium fishes or in mosquito control
small usually brightly-colored viviparous surface-feeding fishes of fresh or brackish warm waters; often used in mosquito control (同)poeciliid fish, poeciliid, live-bearer
killifish (同)genus Fundulus

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/13 13:26:11」(JST)

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The mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, is a small killifish found in the eastern United States. Also known as mummies, gudgeons, and mud minnows, these fish are found in brackish and coastal waters including estuaries and salt marshes along the eastern seaboard of the United States as well as the Atlantic coast of Canada. It is noted for its hardiness and ability to tolerate highly variable salinity, temperature fluctuations from 6 °C to 35 °C (43 °F to 95 °F), and for its ability to withstand very low oxygen levels, a wide variety of toxins, and survive in heavily polluted ecosystems. The mummichog is a popular research subject in embryological, physiological, and toxicological studies.

There are two subspecies:

Fundulus heteroclitus heteroclitus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepidotus (Walbaum, 1792)

Biology[edit]

Mummichogs are typically found in muddy marshes, channels, and grass flats along coastal areas. They travel in schools that may contain hundreds of individuals. Indeed, the name mummichog is derived from a Native American term which means "going in crowds".^{[citation needed]}

The mummichog spawns on new and full moons in the spring and summer. Its eggs are laid near the high tide mark in empty mollusk shells or on dead vegetation and can tolerate long-term exposure to air. Typically mummichogs reach sexual maturity during their second year and live for a total of three years.^[1]

Because of the extreme hardiness of the species, it is sometimes the only species found in severely polluted and oxygen-deprived streams, such as the Elizabeth River in Virginia, and the Hackensack River and the Arthur Kill in New Jersey during the height of the water pollution problem in the United States.

Mummichogs are hosts to a parasitic fluke, Homalometron pallidum, which has a complex life cycle which also involves the aquatic snail, Hydrobia minuta.^[2]

Interest to humans[edit]

Mummichog eggs are used in teaching embryology, because it is possible to see the eyes and the beating heart and follow the different stages of ontogenesis.

Mummichogs are a common fish species used in toxicology studies.

Mummichogs are used to stock otherwise fishless ponds that breed mosquitos, and within three days the ponds are normally mosquito free.

In 1973 the mummichog became the first fish in space when carried on Skylab 3 as part of the biological experiments package. Later space missions by the U.S., such as Bion 3, have also carried mummichog.

Mummichogs are often caught in seines and minnow traps to be sold as live bait for fishermen.

Gallery[edit]

Fundulus heteroclitus taken in the Chesapeake Bay
Female from Woods Hole, Massachusetts

References[edit]

^ Murdy, Birdsong, Musick: Fishes of Chesapeake Bay (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997), 128
^ Stunkard, Horace W. (1964). "The morphology, life history and systematics of the digenetic trematode Homalometron pallidum Stafford 1904". The Biological Bulletin 126 (1): 163–173.

External links[edit]

Fishbase entry (with image)

English Journal

claudin-10 isoform expression and cation selectivity change with salinity in salt-secreting epithelia of Fundulusheteroclitus.

Marshall WS1, Breves JP2, Doohan EM3, Tipsmark CK4, Kelly SP5, Robertson GN3, Schulte PM6.
The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2018 Jan 11;221(Pt 1). pii: jeb168906. doi: 10.1242/jeb.168906.
PMID 29150449

Phylogenomic analysis of Fundulidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodotiformes) using RNA-sequencing data.

Rodgers R1, Roach JL2, Reid NM3, Whitehead A2, Duvernell DD4.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2017 Dec 28;121:150-157. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.030. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 29289545

Urinary metabolic phenotyping of mucopolysaccharidosis type I combining untargeted and targeted strategies with data modeling.

Tebani A1, Schmitz-Afonso I2, Abily-Donval L3, Héron B4, Piraud M5, Ausseil J6, Brassier A7, De Lonlay P7, Zerimech F8, Vaz FM9, Gonzalez BJ10, Marret S3, Afonso C2, Bekri S11.
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.Clin Chim Acta.2017 Dec;475:7-14. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.09.024. Epub 2017 Oct 2.
PMID 28982054

Later life swimming performance and persistent heart damage following subteratogenic PAH mixture exposure in the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Brown DR1, Thompson J1, Chernick M1, Hinton DE1, Di Giulio RT1.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry.Environ Toxicol Chem.2017 Dec;36(12):3246-3253. doi: 10.1002/etc.3877. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
PMID 28585726

Japanese Journal

Reproductive Physiology of the Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus : An Excellent Experimental Fish

Aqua-bioscience monographs ABSM 7(3), 79-116, 2014
NAID 40020222917

Molecular Cloning and Gene Expression of Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) Runx2 During Embryogenesis

Zoological science 30(12), 1050-1055, 2013-12
NAID 40019900558

マミチョグGTH受容体の発現変動

比較内分泌学 39(149), 140-144, 2013
NAID 130004952335

Effect of tributyltin oxide exposure on the F_0 and F_1 generations of a marine teleost, the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus

Fisheries science : FS 76(2), 333-341, 2010-03-01
NAID 10026163494

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リンク元	「killifish」「Fundulus」「topminnow」「Fundulidae」「マミチョグ」

「killifish」

Mummichog
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cyprinodontiformes
Family:	Fundulidae
Genus:	Fundulus
Species:	F. heteroclitus
Binomial name
	Fundulus heteroclitus; (Linnaeus, 1766)