UFC

尿中遊離コルチゾール

WordNet

1. the 21st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)u

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. uraniumの化学記号
2. 上流の,上流階級にふさわしい / (映画が)児童観覧用の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/23 03:00:10」(JST)

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Ultimate Fighting Championship
設立	1993年
主催	WME-IMG
本部	アメリカ合衆国 ネバダ州ラスベガス
代表者	ダナ・ホワイト
サイト	公式サイト

UFC 74での試合の様子

Ultimate Fighting Championship（アルティメット・ファイティング・チャンピオンシップ、略称UFC）は、アメリカ合衆国の総合格闘技団体。

概要

黎明期のUFCは柔術家、空手家、柔道家、ボクサー、プロレスラー、力士、サンビスト、カンフー、ムエタイなどが「金網、ルール無し」というキャッチコピーで最小限のルールで戦い、どの格闘技が強いのかを実現する喧嘩大会さながらの場であったが、世界各国において総合格闘技の大会が開催されるようになるなどの大きな影響を与えた。

その後、反則行為の規定や階級制の導入などルールを整備することで競技化を進め、現在では世界21カ国以上で大会を開催し、51カ国以上から選手が参加、156カ国で11億世帯にテレビ放送される世界規模の団体となっている。

歴史

黎明期

グレイシー一族が様々な格闘技の猛者や道場破りと対戦する様子を収めたビデオ"グレーシー柔術・イン・アクション"を見て触発された広告代理店役員のアート・デイビーが、"War of the Worlds"と名づけた8人制の格闘技トーナメントを映画監督兼脚本家のジョン・ミリアスと柔術家のホリオン・グレイシーに企画提案したのがUFC立ち上げの発端になり、グレーシー柔術を習っていたミリアスはクリイエイティブ・プロデューサーに就任、デイビーは投資家から資金を調達してWOWプロモーションズを設立し、マルチナ・ナブラチロワ対ジミー・コナーズなどを配給した老舗ペイ・パー・ビュー配給会社のセマフォ・エンターテイメント・グループ（SEG）と1993年5月にパートナー契約を交わした。SEGはアートディレクターのジェイソン・カッソンに依頼して試合場のオクタゴンを製作し、大会の名称を"アルティメット・ファイティング・チャンピオンシップ"と命名するなど、UFCの基礎を構築することになる。

1993年11月12日、WOWプロモーションズとSEGが第一回大会のUFC 1をコロラド州デンバーのマクニコルス・スポーツ・アリーナで共催、アート・デイビーはマッチメイカーを担当した。

1995年4月、UFC 5の大会後、アート・デイビーとホリオン・グレイシーはUFCの所有権をSEGとWOWプロモーションズに売却する。権利売却後もデイビーはマッチメイカーとコミッショナーとして1999年12月まで在籍した。

ノー・ホールズ・バード禁止法

黎明期のUFCは、試合のルールがわずかしか規定されていなかった事に対して暴力的で危険であると批判を集めた一方で、ペイ・パー・ビュー(PPV)の契約数は数十万を獲得して興行としてはある一定の成功を収めた。しかしこの成功は、既得権益を脅かしかねないと、ボクシング業界に警戒感を抱かせることにもなる。批判とボクシング業界からの圧力が高まる中、親ボクシング派のアメリカ共和党上院議員ジョン・マケインが、UFCは「人間による闘鶏」にすぎず野蛮で危険であるとUFC禁止を訴え、アメリカ全50州の知事へUFCを追放するよう要請する書簡を送るなど、バッシングキャンペーンを展開し、この結果ニューヨーク州を含む36州が総合格闘技を禁止するノー・ホールズ・バード禁止法（ノー・ホールズ・バードは当時の総合格闘技の呼び名）を制定した。また、総合格闘技を禁止しなかった州でも、ネバダ州のように、スポーツ興行を管轄するアスレチック・コミッションが、UFCへ大会開催許可を出さない州が出始め、UFCは規制の緩い州を転々とするしか無くなり追い詰められていった。さらに、1997年にマケインが上院議会の 商業委員会委員長に就任すると管轄下のペイ・パー・ビュー業界に働きかけ、それまでUFCのペイ・パー・ビューを放送していたケーブルテレビ会社を次々に撤退させた。このためUFCのペイ・パー・ビューはマイナーな存在である衛星放送テレビでの放送を余儀なくされ、ペイ・パー・ビューの販売も低迷して、UFCの経営状況はさらに悪化していった。

UFCコミッショナーのジェフ・ブラトニックとレフェリーのジョン・マッカーシーはこの状況を解決すべく、アメリカ各地のアスレチック・コミッションを回り、総合格闘技を啓蒙しつつ、アスレチック・コミッションと調整・協議を重ねて協調を図り、UFC 12（1997年2月7日）で階級制の導入、UFC 14（1997年7月27日）でオープンフィンガーグローブ着用の義務化、UFC 15（1997年10月17日）で禁止行為の指定、UFC 21（1999年7月16日）でラウンド制の導入、と徐々にルールを整備して競技化を進めた。この地道な活動と競技化を進めたことが実を結び、2000年4月にはカリフォルニア州がアメリカで初めて総合格闘技を認可した州となり、続いてニュージャージー州などの他の州も認可をするようになるまでに至った。

ユニファイド・ルール

2000年11月17日、初めてアスレチック・コミッションから認可を受けた大会となったUFC 28を開催。現代総合格闘技の礎となっているルールである、ニュージャージー州アスレチック・コミッションが制定した統一ルール（通称”ユニファイド・ルール”）に従って試合が執り行われた。

ルールが整備され競技化が進むことにより、選手の技術が洗練されレベルが向上した。結果、特定の格闘技のバックボーンを持たない喧嘩屋や技術レベルの低い選手は淘汰され、黎明期の喧嘩さながらの試合も見られなくなった。

ズッファによる買収

2001年1月、財政状況の悪化でUFCの運営がままならなくなっていたSEGは、ラスベガスでカジノホテル「ステーション・カジノ」を経営するロレンゾ・フェティータとフランク・フェティータ、ロレンゾのビジネスパートナーでボクシングプロモーターのダナ・ホワイトにUFCを200万ドルで売却。フェティータ兄弟はUFCを管理・運営するための親会社としてズッファを設立した。

ロレンゾ・フェティータがネバダ州アスレチック・コミッションの元コミッション委員だったことで、ほどなくして総合格闘技はネバダ州でも認可を受け、これにより世界の格闘技の中心地であるラスベガスで大会を開催出来るようになった。

2001年9月28日、初めてネバダ州アスレチック・コミッションに認可を受けた大会となったUFC 33を開催。

ズッファの運営により、ケーブルテレビでのペイ・パー・ビュー放送の再開、スポンサー獲得、MGMグランド・ガーデン・アリーナなどのラスベガスのホテル会場での大会開催、2002年6月にはFOXスポーツネットとテレビ放送契約を交わすなど業績を上げていくが、ズッファの投資は3400万ドルにも膨らんでいった。

ジ・アルティメット・ファイター

投資が膨らみ運営危機に直面していたズッファはペイ・パー・ビュー以外の新たな事業を模索し始め、フェティータ自身達が以前リアリティ番組に出演した際にプロモーション効果を実感した経験があったことで、新人UFCファイターの発掘・育成をテーマとするリアリティ番組「ジ・アルティメット・ファイター」の開始を決める。しかし、ジ・アルティメット・ファイターの企画はことごとくテレビ局に却下されてしまい、最終的に番組制作費の1000万ドルをズッファが自己負担する条件でSpike TVで放送することが決定した。

2005年1月から放送を開始したジ・アルティメット・ファイターはすぐに人気を集め、後にUFCで活躍するスター選手を発掘しただけでなく、決勝戦で行われたフォレスト・グリフィン対ステファン・ボナーの試合は、ダナ・ホワイトが「UFCを救った試合」と称える激闘となるなど、社運をかけたジ・アルティメット・ファイターは大成功を収めた。人気を博したジ・アルティメット・ファイターはシリーズ化されることになり、UFCがFOXへ移籍をする2012年までの間に14回のシーズンがSpike TVで放送された。また、ジ・アルティメット・ファイターの成功を受けて、Spike TVは、UFCの過去の大会からピックアップした試合を放送する番組「UFCアンリーシュド」とペイ・パー・ビュー大会のプロモーション番組「カウントダウン」の放送を開始、2005年8月6日からは試合生中継番組「UFCファイトナイト」の放送を開始した。これらの番組が原動力となり、2006年5月27日のマット・ヒューズ対ホイス・グレイシーをメインにしたUFC 60ではペイ・パー・ビューの販売件数が62万件を記録、2006年7月8日のジ・アルティメット・ファイター・シーズン3のコーチ対決ティト・オーティズ対ケン・シャムロックを組んだUFC 61では77万5千件を記録、2006年12月30日のチャック・リデル対ティト・オーティズをメインにしたUFC 66ではUFCで初めてペイ・パー・ビューの販売件数が100万件超えを記録するなど盛り上がりを見せて、ペイ・パー・ビューの年間販売件数で初めてボクシングとWWEを超えを果たし、UFCが急躍進をした年となった。

2006年3月、ネバダ州アスレチック・コミッションの元エグゼクティブ・ディレクターのマーク・ラトナーがズッファの副社長に就任。ラトナーは過去にはジョン・マケインと共にノー・ホールズ・バード・バッシングキャンペーンを繰り広げた人物であったが、アスレチック・コミッションで長く働いた経験と繋がりを活かし、まだ総合格闘技を禁止している州のアスレチック・コミッションや議員に総合格闘技を認可するよう働きかける仕事も担当した。

2006年12月、活動停止したアメリカの総合格闘技団体WFAを買収、クイントン・"ランペイジ"・ジャクソン、リョート・マチダ、ヒース・ヒーリング、マルティン・カンプマンらWFAの主力選手を獲得した。さらに同じ月に、アメリカの総合格闘技団体WECを試合を放送していたテレビ局Versusのテレビ放送契約とまとめて買収した。統合したWFAとは異なり、WECはUFCとは別に独立運営する形で存続し、バンタム級とフェザー級を中心とした軽量級の大会にシフトしていくことになった。

2007年5月、総合格闘技の選手として史上初めて、ロジャー・ウエルタがメジャー・スポーツ誌「スポーツ・イラストレイテッド」の表紙を飾る。同じ月に、同様にチャック・リデルがメジャー・スポーツ誌「ESPNマガジン」の表紙を飾った。

PRIDEの買収

2007年3月27日、ロレンゾ・フェティータが日本の総合格闘技団体PRIDEを買収し、運営会社として新会社「PRIDE FC WORLDWIDE」を設立することを発表した。

2007年10月4日、旧DSEの日本人運営スタッフを解雇し、PRIDE FC WORLDWIDE日本事務所を解散、これにより、アントニオ・ホドリゴ・ノゲイラ、マウリシオ・ショーグン、ヴァンダレイ・シウバ、ダン・ヘンダーソン、ミルコ・クロコップ、ファブリシオ・ヴェウドゥム、マーク・ハントらPRIDEの主力選手を獲得した。

2008年6月18日、ロレンゾ・フェティータが、UFCの国際的な発展戦略に集中するため、ステーション・カジノの代表を辞任してUFCの運営に専念することを発表した。

2009年7月11日、UFC 100を開催。ブロック・レスナー対フランク・ミア、ジョルジュ・サンピエールの出場、ジ・アルティメット・ファイター・シーズン9のコーチ対決ダン・ヘンダーソン対マイケル・ビスピンなど豪華対戦カードが組まれた。

WECの統合

2010年10月28日、独立運営していたWECをUFCに統合。WEC世界フェザー級王者ジョゼ・アルドと同バンタム級王者ドミニク・クルーズを、それぞれの階級の初代UFC世界王者に認定すると同時に、ユライア・フェイバー、アンソニー・ペティス、ドナルド・セラーニ、カーロス・コンディット、ベン・ヘンダーソン、ミゲール・トーレスらWECの主力選手を獲得した。 これにより、2011年1月1日のUFC 125以降、UFCはフェザー級・バンタム級を加えた7階級の体制になる。

Strikeforceの買収

2011年3月12日、UFCに次ぐ全米第二規模の総合格闘技団体Strikeforceを買収。以前のWECと同様にUFCとは別で独立運営することを発表し、ニック・ディアス、アリスター・オーフレイム、カン・リーらStrikeforceの主力選手の一部はUFCへ移籍させた。12月にはStrikeforceのヘビー級を廃止してUFCに統合した。

FOXと契約

2011年8月18日、アメリカの4大テレビネットワークのひとつFOXと複数年の放送契約を結んだことを発表。11月12日に、初めてアメリカの地上波で放送されるUFCの試合として、UFC on FOX 1のUFC世界ヘビー級王者ケイン・ヴェラスケス対ジュニオール・ドス・サントスが放送され、880万人の平均視聴者数を記録。地上波で放送された歴代の総合格闘技の最高視聴者数を更新した。また格闘技全体としても、2003年にボクシングで行われたレノックス・ルイス対ビタリ・クリチコの試合で記録した700万人以来の高視聴者数となった。

2012年3月、フライ級を新設。8階級での体制となった。

女子部門の設立

2012年11月16日、UFC初の女子選手としてロンダ・ラウジーと契約して、UFC女子部門を設立。Strikeforce女子バンタム級王者のラウジーを初代UFC世界女子バンタム級王者として認定した。

2013年1月12日のStrikeforce: Marquardt vs. Saffiedineを最後にStrikeforceをUFCに統合。ロビー・ローラー、ダニエル・コーミエ、ルーク・ロックホールド、タイロン・ウッドリー、ギルバート・メレンデス、ゲガール・ムサシ、ホナウド・ジャカレイ、アマンダ・ヌネスらのStrikeforce所属選手がUFCへ移籍した。

2013年2月5日、公式ランキングを制定して公開した。ランキングの決定にUFCは直接関与しておらず、数十人の総合格闘技記者の投票によりランキングが決定するシステム。

2013年12月、UFCファイトパスのサービスを開始した。

2013年12月11日、女子ストロー級を新設。契約したInvicta FCの女子ストロー級選手がUFCへ移籍した。これにより、男子8階級・女子2階級の体制となった。

2014年12月2日、リーボックとの6年間のスポンサー契約を発表した。

2014年12月、独占禁止法違反で元選手数名から起訴された。

2015年7月1日、全米アンチドーピング機構（USADA）と提携して、UFC選手に試合の有無にかかわらず年間を通しての抜き打ちドーピング検査が実施されるようになり、ドーピングの検査体制が強化された。

全米で総合格闘技認可

2016年3月22日、全米で唯一総合格闘技が禁止されていたニューヨーク州でも総合格闘技が認可される。ニューヨーク州の下院で通称"総合格闘技法案"が賛成113票、反対25票で法案可決となり、同州が1997年に禁止して以降初めて認可されたことによる。総合格闘技法案は過去7年間、毎年上院を賛成多数で通過していたものの、総合格闘技法案反対派のニューヨーク州下院議長シェルドン・シルバーの妨害により、下院では毎年採決にかけられないまま塩漬けにされていた。このため、UFCはロビー活動や訴訟を起こすなどして下院でも総合格闘技法案を採決にかけるよう促していたが、前年にシルバーが汚職で逮捕され議員を失脚したことで、この日に初めて下院でも採決にかけられ、圧倒的賛成多数で晴れて法案可決となった。

WME-IMGによる買収

2016年7月9日、エンターテイメント、スポーツなどの総合メディア運営を行う4大タレント・エージェンシーの「WME-IMG」が40億ドル（約4200億円）でUFCを買収。ダナ・ホワイトは引き続きUFC代表として留まるが、ロレンゾ・フェティータは退任となった。出資者としてコールバーグ・クラビス・ロバーツなどの投資グループの他に、シルヴェスター・スタローン、ベン・アフレック、マリア・シャラポワ、セリーナ・ウィリアムズ、コナン・オブライエン、マーク・ウォールバーグ、マイケル・ベイ、ジミー・キンメル、アンソニー・キーディス、フリー、カルヴィン・ハリス、LL・クール・J、トム・ブレイディ、李娜、ビーナス・ウィリアムズ、キャム・ニュートン、ロバート・クラフトらが参加した。

ルール

競技ルールは、ニュージャージー州アスレチック・コミッションが制定した全米統一ルール（通称：ユニファイドルール）で執り行われる。全米統一ルールは北米以外にヨーロッパなどで標準採用されている。

勝敗・判定

試合の勝敗は以下で決着する

• ノックアウト(KO)
• テクニカルノックアウト(TKO：レフェリーストップ、ドクターストップ、コーナーストップ)
• サブミッション（タップアウト及び口頭によるギブアップ、見込み一本、その他戦意喪失の表明）
• 失格、試合放棄、ノーコンテスト
• ジャッジによる判定

判定は3人のジャッジがラウンドごとに採点を行い、優勢だった一方の選手に10ポイント、他方の選手に9ポイント以下を付け、各ラウンドのポイントの合計で勝敗を決するラウンドマスト制を採用している。ただし、僅差のラウンドの場合はジャッジが両選手に10ポイントを付けることもあるので、必ず勝敗がつくマストシステムではなく、引き分け裁定もありうる。

なお、判定の呼称にはユナニマス(Unanimous、3-0)、スプリット(Split、2-1)、マジョリティ(Majority、2-0)、ドロー(Draw、1-1, 1-0, 0-0)がある。

ラウンド

通常の試合は5分3ラウンドで行われるが、タイトルマッチと大会のメインイベントは5分5ラウンドで行われる。延長はいずれも行われない。 ラウンド間のインターバルは1分間であり、ラウンド終了時にはゴングではなくブザーが鳴る。なお、王者のノンタイトルマッチは原則として行われず、必ずタイトルマッチとなる。

試合着

男子選手は競技ショーツ、女子選手は競技ショーツと競技ウェアを着用し、オープンフィンガーグローブ（階級によって4オンスから6オンス）と、マウスピース及びファールカップ(男子選手のみ)の着用が義務付けられている。シューズや道着、ロングタイツの着用は禁止されている。

試合場

オクタゴンの全体像

試合はオクタゴンと呼ばれるケージ（金網）のフェンスで囲われた8角形の試合場で行われる。オクタゴンの直径は30フィート（約9.1m）で、面積は約750スクウェアフィート（約69.3㎡、畳の種類で差異があるが畳38畳から48畳分）、フェンスの高さは6フィート（約1.8m）である。

反則

• 噛み付き
• 眼球への攻撃
• 頭突き
• 局部への攻撃
• 指関節等の小さい関節への攻撃
• 髪を引っ張る行為
• 口腔・鼻腔・耳腔等の穴に指を引っ掛ける行為
• 口腔・鼻腔・耳腔等の穴や、裂傷した部分に指を入れる行為
• 喉への打撃や喉を掴む行為
• ひっかく、つねる等の行為
• 故意に相手を骨折させる行為
• 相手の頭や首をマットに突き立てるように投げ落とす攻撃
• オクタゴンの外に相手を放り投げる行為
• 相手の着衣やグローブを掴む行為
• 相手につばを吐きかける行為
• 相手の怪我の原因になるようなスポーツマンらしくない行為
• オクタゴンのフェンスを掴む行為（フェンスを掌で押す、蹴る行為は認められている）
• 罵声を浴びせる行為
• ブレイク中の相手への攻撃
• レフェリーが対応している間の相手への攻撃
• 終了のブザーが鳴った後の攻撃
• レフェリーの指示を無視すること
• 相手との戦いから逃げるような恣意的な行為、怪我のふりをすること、マウスピースを頻繁に落とす行為、などを含む臆病な行為
• コーナーの人間による妨害及び干渉行為
• 不当な優位性を得るために異物を使用すること
• 背骨や後頭部への打撃
• 肘を上から下に垂直に打ち下ろして肘の先端を当てる打撃（それ以外の肘を使った打撃はOK。斜めに角度を付けて振り下ろす肘は反則に取られない）
• グラウンド状態の相手の頭へのキック攻撃（サッカーボールキック、蹴り上げ）
• グラウンド状態の相手の頭への膝攻撃（いわゆる4点ポジションの膝蹴り）
• グラウンド状態の相手を踏み付ける行為
• 試合中にタオルを投入すること

ルールの変遷

UFC 1 （1993年11月12日）

反則は目潰しと噛み付き・金的攻撃のみ。1ラウンド5分の無制限ラウンド制。体重は階級制無しの無差別で、決着は選手のギブアップかノックアウト、セコンドのタオル投入によるストップのみでつき、グローブおよび道着・シューズ等の着用は自由であった。

UFC 2 （1994年3月11日）

1ラウンド5分のラウンド制を廃止して時間無制限に変更され、金的攻撃も有効とされた。

UFC 3 （1994年9月9日）

完全なKO決着がなくとも、レフェリーの判断で試合を止めるレフェリーストップが導入され、またシューズを履いたままでの蹴りが禁止となった。（後にシューズを履いたままでのグランド状態の選手への蹴りの禁止に変更される）

UFC 5 （1995年4月7日）

試合時間に制限が導入され、トーナメント1回戦・準決勝は20分、トーナメント決勝およびスーパーファイトは30分に改められた。

UFC 6 （1995年7月14日）

試合が膠着したときに、選手をブレイクしてスタンド状態から試合を再開させる権限がレフェリーに与えられた。　

Ultimate Ultimate 1996 （1996年12月7日）

試合でオクタゴンの金網を掴む行為が禁止された。

UFC 12 （1995年4月7日）

ヘビー級（+91kg）とライト級（-91kg）が設置され、初めて階級制が導入された。

UFC 14 （1997年7月27日）

公式オープンフィンガーグローブ（4-6オンス）の着用が義務付けられた。

UFC 15 （1997年10月17日）

頭突き、金的、頚部および後頭部への打撃、ダウンした相手への蹴り、指などの小さな関節を取ること、髪を引っ張ることが禁止となった。

UFC 17 （1998年5月15日）

トーナメントが実施された最後の大会（日本大会UFC 23を除く）

UFC 21 （1999年7月16日）

1ラウンドの制限時間が5分間に改められ、ノンタイトル戦は5分3ラウンド、タイトル戦は5分5ラウンド制となった。また、ボクシングに倣い、判定においてラウンドマスト制が導入された。

UFC 28 （2000年11月17日）

ダウンした相手の頭部への蹴りおよび膝蹴りの禁止（頭部以外は可）、脊椎と首への肘打ちの禁止が導入され、シューズや道着などの着用が不可となり、また出場のための医学的な必要条件が厳格化され、出場選手への健康状態の厳しいチェックも行われるようになった。

UFC 31 （2001年5月4日）

階級区分が変更され、旧バンタム級は現在のライト級へ、旧ライト級は現在のウェルター級へ、旧ミドル級は現在のライトヘビー級へそれぞれ移行し、新たに現在のミドル級が設置された。

UFC 138 （2001年5月4日）

ノンタイトル戦であっても大会のメインイベントは5ラウンド制に変更された。

王者・階級

• 王座の変遷については「UFC王者一覧」を参照。

男子

階級	重量区分	現王者	防衛回数
ヘビー級	-265lbs: -120.2kg	スティーペ・ミオシッチ	1
ライトヘビー級	-205lbs: -93.0kg	ダニエル・コーミエ	1
ミドル級	-185lbs: -83.9kg	マイケル・ビスピン	1
ウェルター級	-170lbs: -77.1kg	タイロン・ウッドリー	1
ライト級	-155lbs: -70.3kg	コナー・マクレガー	0
フェザー級	-145lbs: -65.8kg	ジョゼ・アルド マックス・ホロウェイ(暫定）	0
バンタム級	-135lbs: -61.2kg	コーディ・ガーブラント	0
フライ級	-125lbs: -56.7kg	デメトリアス・ジョンソン	9

女子

階級	重量区分	現王者	防衛回数
バンタム級	-135lbs: -61.2kg	アマンダ・ヌネス	1
ストロー級	-115lbs: -52.2kg	ヨアナ・イェンジェイチック	4

UFCはネバダ州アスレチック・コミッションの定める階級制に則り、ヘビー級からストロー級の9階級体制で行われている。そのため、通常はこれらの階級に沿った試合が組まれるが、稀にキャッチウェイトバウト（契約体重試合）として、上記以外の契約体重を設定して試合を行うこともある。

公式には上記の階級以外にもスーパーヘビー級(265lbs-)が設置されているが、UFC 28においてジョシュ・バーネット対ガン・マッギーの1試合が行われたのみ。

公式ランキング

公式ランキングは、大会毎に米国の総合格闘技記者数十人が、王者以外の選手に1位から15位のランキングを各階級ごとにつけ投票したものを集計して決定される。パウンド・フォー・パウンドのランキングは王者も投票対象となる。なお、公式サイトではそれぞれの記者の投票したランキングを参照することが出来る。

ファイトボーナス

UFCでは大会ごとに、最も優れた試合を行った2選手（該当試合の勝者と敗者）に贈られるファイト・オブ・ザ・ナイト、最も優れたパフォーマンスを見せた2選手に贈られるパフォーマンス・オブ・ザ・ナイトの各賞が設けられており、UFCの選考により各賞の受賞者として選ばれた4選手には、ファイトマネーとは別に5万ドルのファイトボーナスが贈られる。ただし、体重超過した選手は選考の対象外となる。また、試合内容によっては各賞の該当選手無しの場合や、1選手がファイト・オブ・ザ・ナイトとパフォーマンス・オブ・ザ・ナイトを同時に受賞することもある。

受賞記録	選手	受賞回数
ファイトボーナス最多受賞	ネイト・ディアス	15回
ファイトボーナス最多受賞	ジョー・ローゾン	15回
パフォーマンス・オブ・ザ・ナイト最多受賞	コナー・マクレガー	5回
ファイト・オブ・ザ・ナイト最多受賞	ネイト・ディアス	8回

なお、UFC 169以前の大会まではパフォーマンス・オブ・ザ・ナイトの代わりに、最も優れたKO（TKO）で勝利した1選手に贈られるノックアウト・オブ・ザ・ナイト、最も優れたサブミッションによる一本で勝利した1選手に贈られるサブミッション・オブ・ザ・ナイトの各賞が設けられていた。

ボーナス受賞ランキング 

ファイトボーナス			パフォーマンス・オブ・ザ・ナイト			ファイト・オブ・ザ・ナイト
順位	選手	受賞回数	順位	選手	受賞回数	順位	選手	受賞回数
3位	アンデウソン・シウバ	13回	2位	ロンダ・ラウジー	4回	2位	フランク・エドガー	7回
4位	ドナルド・セラーニ	12回	2位	アンソニー・ジョンソン	4回	2位	ディエゴ・サンチェス	7回
			2位	ドナルド・セラーニ	4回

UFC殿堂

UFC殿堂（ユーエフシーでんどう、UFC Hall Of Fame）は、総合格闘技において大きな功績を残した選手、あるいは総合格闘技の発展に大きく寄与した関係者に贈られる称号。2003年11月21日に10周年大会のUFC 45で創立され、UFC内の委員会によって選考と管理が行われている。殿堂入りを果たした人物にはオクタゴン型の透明の盾が授与される。

殿堂入りした人物

パイオニア部門

総合格闘技デビューが2000年11月17日以前である人物が選考対象

氏名	殿堂入り日時	特記事項
ホイス・グレイシー	2003年11月21日 (UFC 45)
ケン・シャムロック	2003年11月21日 (UFC 45)
ダン・スバーン	2005年4月16日 (UFC 50)
ランディ・クートゥア	2006年6月24日 (The Ultimate Fighter 3 Finale)
マーク・コールマン	2008年3月1日 (UFC 82)
チャック・リデル	2009年7月10日 (UFC 100)
マット・ヒューズ	2010年5月28日 (UFC 114)
ティト・オーティズ	2012年7月7日 (UFC 148)
パット・ミレティッチ	2014年7月6日（UFC 175）
バス・ルッテン	2015年7月11日（UFC 189）
アントニオ・ホドリゴ・ノゲイラ	2016年7月10日（UFCファン・エクスポ）
ドン・フライ	2016年7月10日（UFCファン・エクスポ）

現代部門

総合格闘技デビューが2000年11月17日以降で年齢が35歳以上か引退から1年以上経っている人物が選考対象

氏名	殿堂入り日時	特記事項
フォレスト・グリフィン	2013年7月6日 (UFC 162)
BJ・ペン	2015年7月11日（UFC 189）

試合部門

試合が行われてから5年以上経過している人々の心をとらえた歴史的に重要な試合が選考対象

試合	試合日	殿堂入り日時	特記事項
フォレスト・グリフィン vs. ステファン・ボナー	2005年4月9日( The Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale)	2013年7月6日 (UFC 162)
マット・ヒューズ vs. フランク・トリッグ II	2005年4月16日(UFC 52: Couture vs. Liddell 2)	2015年7月11日(UFC 189)
マーク・コールマン vs. ピート・ウィリアムス	1998年5月15日(UFC 17: Redemption)	2016年7月10日(UFCファン・エクスポ)

功労者部門

総合格闘技に多大な貢献をした選手以外の人物と団体が選考対象

氏名	殿堂入り日時	特記事項
チャールズ・ルイス・ジュニア	2009年7月10日 (UFC 100)
ジェフ・ブラトニック	2015年7月11日（UFC 189）
ボブ・メイロウィッツ	2016年7月10日（UFCファン・エクスポ）

パイオニア部門と現代部門を分けているのは、試合のルールがまだ整備されておらず、総合格闘技の技術も確立していなかった時代と区別するため。 また2000年11月17日を区切りとしたのは、この日に初めて、現代総合格闘技の礎となっているニュージャージー州アスレチック・コミッションが制定した統一ルールであるユニファイド・ルールによって執り行われた大会が開催されたため。

日本におけるUFC

UFC第1回大会に日本の格闘技団体パンクラスに定期参戦していたケン・シャムロックが参戦したことにより、格闘技雑誌、プロレス雑誌はいち早くUFCの出現を伝えた。しかしほぼルール無しというUFCの衝撃は格闘技ファンの範囲にとどまらず、一般のテレビ番組でも大きく取り上げる事となり、日本の格闘技界にも多大な影響を与えた。打撃系格闘技のK-1が、1994年と1995年に総合格闘技の試合を組み込んだのをはじめとして、UFC以前から存在した総合格闘技団体の修斗、パンクラスはルールをUFCが採用する全米統一ルールに改正し、PRIDE、DEEPなどをはじめとする総合格闘技の新規プロモーションが勃興した。

SEG時代には、スーパーステージの子会社UFC-Jとの間でフランチャイズ契約を結び、1997年12月21日にUFC初の日本大会UFC Japan、1999年11月14日にUFC 23、2000年4月14日にUFC 25、2000年12月16日にUFC 29の計4度の日本大会を開催した。

ズッファ体制になってからは、ボクシングの帝拳プロモーションをパートナーとして、テレビ放送を行いつつ日本大会の開催を模索していた。（2004年12月、2005年6月には、一旦は開催を発表した日本大会を中止している。）

2012年2月26日にUFC 29以来11年ぶり、ズッファ体制下では初となる日本大会UFC 144を開催。その後、2013年3月3日にUFC on Fuel TV 8、2014年9月20日にUFC Fight Night: Hunt vs. Nelson、2015年9月27日にUFC Fight Night: Barnett vs. Nelsonを開催している。

日本でのテレビ放送

ホイス・グレイシーが活躍した初期大会は、NHK衛星放送、日本テレビ「世界まる見え!テレビ特捜部」、テレビ朝日「リングの魂」などの番組内で紹介された。

UFC-J事務局が運営した日本大会は、日本テレビやテレビ東京が深夜に放送した。

CSテレビのディレクTV（スカパー!に吸収）は1,500円のPPV放送を行った。

2000年、CSテレビ、ケーブルテレビチャンネルのJ SKY SPORTS（現・J SPORTS）はSEG社とUFC 28から毎回放送の契約を締結したが、UFC 29を放送した時点で、UFCの運営がズッファとなり契約を解消した。

2001年にズッファ体制になって、UFC 31からUFC 34までをフジテレビ「SRS」の番組内でダイジェスト放送した。

2002年3月のUFC 36からボクシングの帝拳プロモーションを仲介して、WOWOWでの定期放送が始まる。実況は高柳謙一、解説は高阪剛が担当することが多かった。UFC 69からはハイビジョン放送に移行。諸条件の食い違いで契約がまとまらず、2007年4月26日放送のUFC 70（リピート放送）を最後にWOWOWでの放送は一旦終了する。2008年10月からWOWOWで定期放送が再開するが、2016年4月6日を最後にWOWOWでの放送は終了した。

2016年8月よりDAZNがアーカイブ配信で「UFC 200」から放送を開始。生中継を「UFC 202」から開始した。

2002年5月のUFC 37から110度CSデジタル放送プラット・ワンのCS-WOWOWでペイ・パー・ビューによる生中継を実施。視聴料を2,000円とし、アメリカのディレクTVと同内容で英語実況のまま放送された。

2005年2月からはテレビ東京が地上波での放送権を取得し1時間枠で放送したが、放送は1回のみで終了した。解説は船木誠勝。

2006年4月からCSテレビの日テレG+でWOWOWから1か月遅れでの放送を再開。実況は日本テレビアナウンサー、解説は高山善廣が務めた。当初は1大会を1時間30分枠で放送していたが、その後、1大会を1時間枠で2回にわけて放送するようになる。WOWOWと同じく帝拳プロモーション経由での放送だったため、2007年6月にUFC 70の放送をもって終了した。

2010年3月31日の「UFC Fight Night：フロリアンvs.五味」は、テレビ東京にて4月8日22時より放送された。同局での中継は5年ぶり、地上波プライムタイムでは史上初となった。解説は秋山成勲。

同年8月1日の「UFC Live: Jones vs. Matyushenko」は、スカパー!のPPVチャンネル「スカチャン」にて視聴料3,150円で生中継。

2011年2月よりひかりTVにて、UFCの映像のテレビサービスおよび、ビデオサービスが開始された。

2012年11月10日にマカオで開催された「UFC on Fuel TV 6」はBS朝日で放送された。

2013年6月よりFOXスポーツ&エンターテイメント（旧:FOX bs238）が、マガジンプログラムである「UFC Ultimate Insider」とともに放送を開始。試合初中継は「UFC on Fuel TV 10」で、その後「UFC Fight Night 26」よりFight Nightシリーズを放送開始。解説は中井祐樹、実況は清野茂樹。前述のWOWOW放送終了に伴い、FOXスポーツ&エンターテイメントで「UFC 199」からナンバー大会シリーズ及びUFC on FOXシリーズの放送を開始した（Fight Nightシリーズの放送は終了）。

2016年4月29日よりフジテレビ「FUJIYAMA FIGHT CLUB」内で月1回「UFC TIME」と題した1時間番組を放送開始。

日本人の参戦

前述通り、世界最高峰のMMAの舞台と言えるUFCには、数多くの日本人選手が参戦しているが、多くの選手が苦戦・リリースされており、日本人選手にとって厳しい状況が続いている。日本人選手でタイトルマッチ挑戦権を得たのは岡見勇信と堀口恭司の二人のみで（ズッファ社による興行後）、いずれも敗北している。日本人最多出場回数は18回、最多勝利は13勝、最多フィニッシュは5回で、いずれも岡見勇信の記録である。最多連勝は水垣偉弥の5連勝。

現在出場している選手

2017年1月現在

• 秋山成勲（2勝5敗）ミドル級→ウェルター級
• 国本起一(3勝1敗) ウェルター級
• 中村K太郎（2勝4敗）ウェルター級
• 安西信昌(1勝1敗) ウェルター級
• 五味隆典（4勝7敗）ライト級
• 粕谷優介（0勝1敗）ライト級
• 石原夜叉坊（2勝1敗1分）フェザー級
• 廣田瑞人（1勝2敗1分）フェザー級
• 佐々木憂流迦（2勝2敗）バンタム級
• 田中路教（2勝2敗）バンタム級
• 山本"KID"徳郁（0勝3敗1無効試合）バンタム級

過去に出場していた選手

• 高阪剛（3勝3敗）ヘビー級
• 有己空（1勝2敗）ライトヘビー級
• 中村和裕 （0勝2敗）ライトヘビー級
• 岡見勇信 （13勝5敗）ミドル級
• 福田力（2勝3敗）ミドル級
• 佐々木有生（0勝1敗）ミドル級
• 吉田善行（2勝3敗）ウェルター級
• 長南亮（1勝3敗）ウェルター級
• 弘中邦佳（1勝3敗）ウェルター級
• 郷野聡寛（1勝2敗）ウェルター級
• 佐藤豪則（0勝2敗）ウェルター級
• 桜井速人（0勝1敗）ウェルター級
• 宇野薫（3勝5敗2分）ライト級
• 須藤元気（2勝1敗）ライト級
• 徳留一樹（1勝3敗）ライト級
• 小谷直之（0勝5敗）ライト級
• 三島☆ド根性ノ助（0勝2敗）ライト級
• 光岡映二（0勝2敗）ライト級
• 日沖発（3勝5敗）フェザー級
• 川尻達也(3勝3敗) フェザー級
• 菊野克紀(2勝3敗) ライト級→フェザー級
• 小見川道大（1勝6敗）フェザー級
• 田村一聖（1勝2敗）フェザー級→バンタム級
• 水垣偉弥（8勝5敗）バンタム級
• 金原正徳（1勝2敗）バンタム級
• 手塚基伸（0勝2敗）バンタム級
• 清水俊一（0勝1敗）バンタム級
• 堀口恭司(7勝1敗) バンタム級→フライ級
• 松田干城（0勝2敗）バンタム級→フライ級
• 漆谷康宏（0勝2敗）フライ級
• 中井りん（0勝2敗）女子バンタム級

ズッファ社体制以前に出場していた選手

• 市原海樹（0勝1敗）体重無制限
• 北尾光司（0勝1敗）体重無制限
• 桜庭和志（1勝0敗1無効試合）ヘビー級
• 安生洋二（0勝3敗）ヘビー級
• 本間聡（0勝1敗）ヘビー級
• 山本喧一（2勝1敗）ミドル級
• 藤井克久（1勝1敗）ミドル級
• 菊田早苗（1勝0敗）ミドル級
• ミノワマン（1勝0敗）ミドル級
• 高瀬大樹（0勝3敗）ミドル級
• KEI山宮（0勝1敗）ミドル級
• 矢野倍達（0勝1敗）ミドル級
• 大石幸史（0勝1敗）ウェルター級
• 高橋義生（1勝0敗）ライト級
• 大石幸史（0勝2敗）ライト級

開催履歴

• 詳細は「UFCの大会一覧」を参照。

出場選手

• 詳細は「UFC選手一覧」を参照。

重要人物

• ダナ・ホワイト（代表取締役社長）
• ロレンゾ・フェティータ（オーナー）
• マイク・ゴールドバーグ（実況）
• ジョー・ローガン（解説兼インタビュアー）
• ブルース・バッファー（リングアナウンサー）
• ジョー・シルバ（マッチメイカー）
• ショーン・シェルビー（マッチメイカー）

脚注

外部リンク

• UFC公式サイト

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Ultimate Fighting Championship

Type	Subsidiary
Industry	Mixed martial arts promotion
Founded	November 1993 (1993-11)
Founders	Art Davie Bob Meyrowitz Campbell McLaren John Milius Rorion Gracie
Headquarters	Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Key people	Dana White (President) Justin Fraszer Marc Ratner (VP, Regulatory Affairs) Mick Maynard (VP, Talent Relations/Matchmaker)
Owner	William Morris Endeavor
Website	www.ufc.com

UFC Championship Belt

The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is an American mixed martial arts promotion company, a subsidiary of the parent company William Morris Endeavor, based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is the largest MMA promoter in the world and features most of the top-ranked fighters in the sport. Based in the United States, the UFC produces events worldwide that showcase ten weight divisions and abide by the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts. The UFC has held over 300 events to date. Dana White serves as the president of the UFC.

The first Ultimate Fighting Championship event was held on November 12, 1993 at the McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado. The purpose of the early Ultimate Fighting Championship competitions was to identify the most effective martial art in a fight, with minimal rules, between competitors of different fighting disciplines, including boxing, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Sambo, wrestling, Muay Thai, karate, judo, and other styles. In subsequent competitions, fighters began adopting effective techniques from more than one discipline, which indirectly helped create an entirely separate style of fighting known as present-day mixed martial arts. In 2016, it was sold to William Morris Endeavor (WME-IMG) for $4 billion.

With a TV deal and expansion into Europe, Australia, the Middle East, Asia, and new markets within the United States, the UFC as of 2017 has gained in popularity, along with greater mainstream media coverage. As of 2017, viewers can access live UFC fights and fight replays on their subscription network UFC Fight Pass at a cost of $7.99–$9.99 USD per month via devices like Apple TV, iPhone, Android, Xbox, Roku, and Google Chromecast as well as on pay-per-view in the U.S., Brazil, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Italy. On network TV, UFC content is available on Fox, Fox Sports 1, and Fox Sports 2 in the U.S., on ESPN in the Caribbean, on BT Sport in the United Kingdom and Ireland, as well as in 150 countries and 22 different languages worldwide.

MMA journalists and fans have criticized the UFC for putting on too many shows and thus diluting the quality of their product.

History

The former logo of the UFC, used from 1993 to 1999

Early competition: early 1990s

Royce Gracie used Brazilian jiu-jitsu in the early years of UFC to defeat opponents of greater size and strength.

Art Davie proposed to John Milius and Rorion Gracie an eight-man single-elimination tournament called "War of the Worlds". The tournament was inspired by the Gracies in Action video-series produced by the Gracie family of Brazil which featured Gracie Jiu-Jitsu students defeating martial-arts masters of various disciplines such as karate, kung fu, and kickboxing. The tournament would also feature martial artists from different disciplines facing each other in no-holds-barred combat to determine the best martial art and would aim to replicate the excitement of the matches Davie saw on the videos. Milius, a noted film director and screenwriter, as well as a Gracie student, agreed to act as the event's creative director. Davie drafted the business plan and twenty-eight investors contributed the initial capital to start WOW Promotions with the intent to develop the tournament into a television franchise.

In 1993, WOW Promotions sought a television partner and approached pay-per-view producers TVKO (HBO), SET (Showtime), and Campbell McLaren at the Semaphore Entertainment Group (SEG). Both TVKO and SET declined, but SEG – a pioneer in pay-per-view television which had produced such offbeat events as a gender versus gender tennis match between Jimmy Connors and Martina Navratilova – became WOW's partner in May 1993. SEG contacted video and film art director Jason Cusson to design the trademarked "Octagon", a signature piece for the event. Cusson remained the Production Designer through UFC 27. SEG devised the name for the show as The Ultimate Fighting Championship.

WOW Promotions and SEG produced the first event, later called UFC 1, at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado on November 12, 1993. Art Davie functioned as the show's booker and matchmaker. The show proposed to find an answer for sports fans' questions such as: "Can a wrestler beat a boxer?" As with most martial arts at the time, fighters typically had skills in just one discipline and had little experience against opponents with different skills. Sc Aaronlad2k15 The television broadcast featured kickboxers Patrick Smith and Kevin Rosier, savate fighter Gerard Gordeau, karate expert Zane Frazier, shootfighter Ken Shamrock, sumo wrestler Teila Tuli, boxer Art Jimmerson, and 175 lb (79 kg) Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt Royce Gracie—younger brother of UFC co-founder Rorion, whom Rorion handpicked to represent his family in the competition. Royce Gracie's submission skills proved the most effective in the inaugural tournament, earning him the first ever UFC tournament championship after submitting Jimmerson, Shamrock, and Gordeau in succession. The show proved extremely successful with 86,592 television subscribers on pay-per-view.

It's disputed whether the promoters intended for the event to become a precursor to a series of future events. "That show was only supposed to be a one-off", eventual UFC president Dana White said. "It did so well on pay-per-view they decided to do another, and another. Never in a million years did these guys think they were creating a sport." Art Davie, in his 2014 book Is This Legal?, an account of the creation of the first UFC event, disputes the perception that the UFC was seen by WOW Promotions and SEG as a one-off, since SEG offered a five-year joint development deal to WOW. He says, "Clearly, both Campbell and Meyrowitz shared my unwavering belief that War of the Worlds would be a continuing series of fighting tournaments—a franchise, rather than a one-night stand." With no weight classes, fighters often faced significantly larger or taller opponents. Keith "The Giant Killer" Hackney faced Emmanuel Yarbrough at UFC 3 with a 9 in (23 cm) height and 400 pounds (180 kg) weight disadvantage. Many martial artists believed that technique could overcome these size disadvantages, and that a skilled fighter could use an opponent's size and strength against him. With the 175 lb (79 kg) Royce Gracie winning three of the first four events, the UFC quickly proved that size does not always determine the outcome of the fight.

During this early part of the organization, the UFC would showcase a bevy of different styles and fighters. Aside from the aforementioned Royce Gracie, Ken Shamrock, and Patrick Smith, the competitions also featured competitors such as Hall of Famer Dan Severn, Marco Ruas, Gary Goodridge, Don Frye, Kimo Leopoldo, Oleg Taktarov, and Tank Abbott. Although the first events were dominated by jiu-jitsu, other fighting styles became successful: first wrestling, then ground and pound, kickboxing, boxing, and dirty boxing, which eventually melded into modern mixed martial arts.

In April 1995, following UFC 5 in Charlotte, North Carolina, Davie and Gracie sold their interest in the franchise to SEG and disbanded WOW Promotions. Davie continued with SEG as the show's booker and matchmaker, as well as the commissioner of Ultimate Fighting, until December 1997.

Emergence of stricter rules

"Big" John McCarthy referees as Tank Abbott puts Cal Worsham against the cage at Ultimate Ultimate 1996.

Although UFC used the tagline "There are no rules!" in the early 1990s, the UFC did in fact operate with limited rules. It banned biting and eye-gouging, and frowned on (but allowed) techniques such as hair pulling, headbutting, groin strikes, and fish-hooking.

In fact, in a UFC 4 qualifying match, competitors Jason Fairn and Guy Mezger agreed not to pull hair—as they both wore pony tails tied back for the match. Additionally, that same event saw a matchup between Keith Hackney and Joe Son in which Hackney unleashed a series of groin shots against Son while on the ground.

The UFC had a reputation, especially in the early days, as an extremely violent event, as evidenced by a disclaimer in the beginning of the UFC 5 broadcast which warned audiences of the violent nature of the sport.

UFC 5 also introduced the first singles match, a rematch from the inaugural UFC featuring three-time champion Royce Gracie and Ken Shamrock, called "The Superfight". This proved an important development, because singles matches would feature fighters who suffered no prior damage from a previous fight in the same event, unlike tournament matches. Singles matches would become a staple in the UFC for years to come.

"The Superfight" began as a non-tournament match that would determine the first reigning UFC Champion for tournament winners to face; it later evolved into a match that could feature either title matches or non-title matches. The "Superfight" would eventually completely phase out tournament matches; by UFC Brazil, the UFC abandoned the tournament format for an entire card of singles matches (aside from a one-time UFC Japan tournament featuring Japanese fighters). UFC 6 was the first event to feature the crowning of the first non-tournament UFC Champion, Ken Shamrock.

Controversy and reform: late 1990s

The violent nature of the burgeoning sport quickly drew the attention of the U.S. authorities.

Senator John McCain (R-AZ) saw a tape of the first UFC events and immediately found it abhorrent. McCain himself led a campaign to ban UFC, calling it "human cockfighting", and sending letters to the governors of all fifty US states asking them to ban the event.

Thirty-six states enacted laws that banned "no-hold-barred" fighting, including New York, which enacted the ban on the eve of UFC 12, forcing a relocation of the event to Dothan, Alabama. The UFC continued to air on DirecTV PPV, though its audience remained minuscule compared to the larger cable pay-per-view platforms of the era.

In response to the criticism, the UFC increased cooperation with state athletic commissions and redesigned its rules to remove the less palatable elements of fights while retaining the core elements of striking and grappling. UFC 12 saw the introduction of weight classes and the banning of fish-hooking. For UFC 14, gloves became mandatory, while kicks to the head of a downed opponent were banned. UFC 15 saw limitations on hair pulling, and the banning of strikes to the back of the neck and head, headbutting, small-joint manipulations, and groin strikes. With five-minute rounds introduced at UFC 21, the UFC gradually re-branded itself as a sport rather than a spectacle.

Led by UFC commissioner Jeff Blatnick and referee John McCarthy, the UFC continued to work with state athletic commissions. Blatnick, McCarthy, and matchmaker Joe Silva created a manual of policies, procedures, codes of conduct, and rules to help in getting the UFC sanctioned by the athletic commissions, many of which exist to this day. Blatnick and McCarthy traveled around the country, educating regulators and changing perceptions about a sport that was thought to be bloodthirsty and inhumane. By April 2000, their movement had clearly made an impact. California was set to become the first state in the U.S. to sign off on a set of codified rules that governed MMA. Soon after, New Jersey adopted the language.

As the UFC continued to work with the athletic commissions, events took place in smaller U.S. markets, and venues, such as the Lake Charles Civic Center. The markets included places more in the South, such as Iowa, Mississippi, Louisiana, Wyoming, and Alabama. SEG could not secure home-video releases for UFC 23 through UFC 29. With other mixed martial arts promotions working towards U.S. sanctioning, the International Fighting Championships (IFC) secured the first U.S. sanctioned mixed-martial-arts event, which occurred in New Jersey on September 30, 2000. Just two months later, the UFC held its first sanctioned event, UFC 28, under the New Jersey State Athletic Control Board's "Unified Rules".

As the UFC's rules started to evolve, so too did its field of competitors. Notable UFC fighters to emerge in this era include Hall of Famers Mark Coleman, Randy Couture, Pat Miletich, Chuck Liddell, Matt Hughes, and Tito Ortiz, as well as notables Vitor Belfort, Mark Kerr, Pedro Rizzo, Murilo Bustamante, Frank Shamrock, Mikey Burnett, Jeremy Horn, Pete Williams, Jens Pulver, Evan Tanner, Andrei Arlovski, and Wanderlei Silva, among others.

The Zuffa era: early 2000s

After the long battle to secure sanctioning, SEG stood on the brink of bankruptcy when Station Casinos executives Frank and Lorenzo Fertitta and their business partner Dana White approached them in 2000, with an offer to purchase the UFC. A month later, in January 2001, the Fertittas bought the UFC for $2 million and created Zuffa, LLC as the parent entity controlling the UFC.

"I had my attorneys tell me that I was crazy because I wasn't buying anything. I was paying $2 million and they were saying 'What are you getting?'" Lorenzo Fertitta revealed to Fighter's Only magazine, recalling the lack of assets he acquired in the purchase. "And I said 'What you don't understand is I'm getting the most valuable thing that I could possibly have, which is those three letters: UFC. That is what's going to make this thing work. Everybody knows that brand, whether they like it or they don't like it, they react to it.'"

With ties to the Nevada State Athletic Commission (Lorenzo Fertitta was a former member of the NSAC), Zuffa secured sanctioning in Nevada in 2001. Shortly thereafter, the UFC returned to pay-per-view cable television with UFC 33 featuring three championship bouts.

Struggle for survival and turnaround

The UFC slowly, but steadily, rose in popularity after the Zuffa purchase, due partly to greater advertising, corporate sponsorship, the return to cable pay-per-view and subsequent home video and DVD releases.

With larger live gates at casino venues like the Trump Taj Mahal and the MGM Grand Garden Arena, the UFC secured its first television deal with Fox Sports Net. The Best Damn Sports Show Period aired the first mixed martial arts match on American cable television in June 2002, as well as the main event showcasing Chuck Liddell vs. Vitor Belfort at UFC 37.5. Later, FSN would air highlight shows from the UFC, featuring one-hour blocks of the UFC's greatest bouts.

UFC Hall of Famer Ken Shamrock was instrumental in the UFC's turnaround into a mainstream sport.

UFC 40 proved to be the most critical event to date in the Zuffa era. The event was a near sellout of 13,022 at the MGM Grand Arena and sold 150,000 pay per view buys, a rate roughly double that of the previous Zuffa events. The event featured a card headlined by a highly anticipated championship grudge match between then-current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Tito Ortiz and former UFC Superfight Champion Ken Shamrock, who had previously left to professional wrestling in the WWE before returning to MMA. It was the first time the UFC hit such a high mark since being forced "underground" in 1997. UFC 40 also garnered mainstream attention from massive media outlets such as ESPN and USA Today, something that was unfathomable for mixed martial arts at that point in time. Many have suggested that the success of UFC 40 and the anticipation for Ortiz vs. Shamrock saved the UFC from bankruptcy; the buyrates of the previous Zuffa shows averaged a mere 45,000 buys per event and the company was suffering deep monetary losses. The success of UFC 40 provided a glimmer of hope for the UFC and kept alive the hope that mixed martial arts could become big. Beyond the rivalry itself, the success of UFC 40 was due in part to the marketing and outreach power of crossover athletes - from Pro Wresting to MMA and MMA to Pro Wresting - a practice with roots in Japan's Pride Fighting Championships. Long time UFC referee "Big" John McCarthy said that he felt UFC 40 was the turning point in whether or not the sport of MMA would survive in America.

“ "When that show (UFC 40) happened, I honestly felt like it was going to make it. Throughout the years, things were happening, and everything always looked bleak. It always looked like, this is it, this is going to be the last time. This is going to be the last year. But, when I was standing in the Octagon at UFC 40, I remember standing there before the Ortiz/Shamrock fight and looking around. The energy of that fight, it was phenomenal, and it was the first time I honestly said, it's going to make it." –"Big" John McCarthy ”

Despite the success of UFC 40, the UFC was still experiencing financial deficits. By 2004, Zuffa had $34 million of losses since they purchased the UFC. Fighters who came into prominence after Zuffa's takeover include Anderson Silva, Georges St-Pierre, Rich Franklin, B.J. Penn, Sean Sherk, Matt Serra, Ricco Rodriguez, Robbie Lawler, Frank Mir, Karo Parisyan, and Nick Diaz.

The Ultimate Fighter and rise in popularity

Faced with the prospect of folding, the UFC stepped outside the bounds of pay-per-view and made a foray into television. After being featured in a reality television series, American Casino, and seeing how well the series worked as a promotion vehicle, the Fertitta brothers developed the idea of the UFC having its own reality series.

Logo of The Ultimate Fighter

Their idea, The Ultimate Fighter (TUF)–a reality television show featuring up-and-coming MMA fighters in competition for a six-figure UFC contract, with fighters eliminated from competition via exhibition mixed martial arts matches–was pitched to several networks, each one rejecting the idea outright. Not until they approached Spike TV, with an offer to pay the $10 million production costs themselves, did they find an outlet.

In January 2005, Spike TV launched TUF in the timeslot following WWE Raw. The show became an instant success, culminating with a notable season finale brawl featuring finalists Forrest Griffin and Stephan Bonnar going toe-to-toe for the right to earn the six-figure contract, an event that Dana White credits for saving the UFC.

On the heels of the Griffin/Bonnar finale, a second season of The Ultimate Fighter launched in August 2005, and two more seasons appeared in 2006. Spike and the UFC continued to create and air new seasons until the show moved to FX in 2012.

Following the success of The Ultimate Fighter, Spike also picked up UFC Unleashed, an hour-long weekly show featuring select fights from previous events. Spike also signed on to broadcast live UFC Fight Night, a series of fight events debuting in August 2005, and Countdown specials to promote upcoming UFC pay-per-view cards.

After a very successful run on Spike and with the upcoming announcement of the UFC's new relationship with Fox, Spike officials made a statement regarding the end of their partnership with the UFC, "The Ultimate Fighter season 14 in September will be our last... Our 6-year partnership with the UFC has been incredibly beneficial in building both our brands, and we wish them all the best in the future."

With the announcement of UFC's partnership with Fox in August 2011, The Ultimate Fighter, which entered its 14th season in that September, moved to the FX network to air on Friday nights starting with season 15 in the Spring of 2012. Along with the network change, episodes are now edited and broadcast within a week of recording instead of a several-month delay, and elimination fights are aired live.

Surging popularity and growth: mid–2000s

New York City Times Square ad for UFC 88: Breakthrough featuring Chuck Liddell vs. Rashad Evans

With increased visibility, the UFC's pay-per-view buy numbers exploded. UFC 52, the first event after the first season of The Ultimate Fighter featuring eventual-UFC Hall of Famer Chuck "The Iceman" Liddell avenging his defeat to fellow eventual-Hall of Famer Randy Couture, drew a pay-per-view audience of 300,000, doubling its previous benchmark of 150,000 set at UFC 40. Following the second season of The Ultimate Fighter, the UFC's much-hyped match between Liddell and Couture drew an estimated 410,000 pay-per-view buys at UFC 57.

For the rest of 2006, pay-per-view buy rates continued to skyrocket, with 620,000 buys for UFC 60: Hughes vs. Gracie—featuring Royce Gracie's first UFC fight in 11 years—and 775,000 buys for UFC 61 featuring the highly anticipated rematch between Ken Shamrock and Tito Ortiz, the coaches of The Ultimate Fighter 3. The organization hit a milestone with UFC 66, pitting Ortiz in a rematch against Liddell with over 1 million buys.

The surge in popularity prompted the UFC to beef up its executive team. In March 2006, the UFC announced that it had hired Marc Ratner, former Executive Director of the Nevada Athletic Commission, as Vice President of Regulatory Affairs. Ratner, once an ally of Senator McCain's campaign against no holds barred fighting, became a catalyst for the emergence of sanctioned mixed martial arts in the United States. Ratner continues to lobby numerous athletic commissions to help raise the UFC's media profile in an attempt to legalize mixed martial arts in jurisdictions inside and outside the United States that have yet to sanction the sport.

In December 2006, Zuffa acquired the northern California-based promotion World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) in order to stop the International Fight League (IFL) from making a deal with Versus (now NBC Sports Network). At the time, the UFC had an exclusive deal with Spike, so the purchase of the WEC allowed Zuffa to block the IFL from Versus without violating their contract. The WEC showcased lighter weight classes in MMA, whereas the UFC featured heavier weight classes. Notable WEC fighters included Urijah Faber, Jamie Varner, Carlos Condit, Benson Henderson, Donald Cerrone, Anthony Pettis, Eddie Wineland, Miguel Angel Torres, Mike Thomas Brown, Leonard Garcia, Brian Bowles, Dominick Cruz, and José Aldo.

In December 2006, Zuffa also acquired their cross-town, Las Vegas rival World Fighting Alliance (WFA). In acquiring the WFA, they acquired the contracts of notable fighters including Quinton Jackson, Lyoto Machida, and Martin Kampmann.

The sport's popularity was also noticed by the sports betting community as BodogLife.com, an online gambling site, stated in July 2007 that in 2007 UFC would surpass boxing for the first time in terms of betting revenues. In fact, the UFC had already broken the pay-per-view industry's all-time records for a single year of business, generating over $222,766,000 in revenue in 2006, surpassing both WWE and boxing.

The UFC continued its rapid rise from near obscurity with Roger Huerta gracing the cover of Sports Illustrated and Chuck Liddell on the front of ESPN The Magazine in May 2007.

Pride acquisition and integration

A fight between Fedor Emelianenko and Mark Coleman in the Japanese, ring-based Pride organization

On March 27, 2007, the UFC and their Japan-based rival the Pride Fighting Championships announced an agreement in which the majority owners of the UFC, Frank and Lorenzo Fertitta, would purchase the Pride brand.

Initial intentions were for both organizations to be run separately but aligned together with plans to co-promote cards featuring the champions and top contenders from both organizations. However, after purchasing Pride, Dana White felt that the Pride model was not sustainable and the organization would likely fold with many former Pride fighters such as Antônio Rodrigo "Minotauro" Nogueira, Maurício "Shogun" Rua, Dan Henderson, Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipović, Wanderlei Silva, and others already being realigned under the UFC brand. On October 4, 2007, Pride Worldwide closed its Japanese office, laying off 20 people who were working there since the closing of its parent company Dream Stage Entertainment (DSE).

On June 18, 2008, Lorenzo Fertitta accommodated the UFC's growth by announcing his resignation from Station Casinos in order to devote his energies to the international business development of Zuffa, particularly the UFC. The move proved to be pivotal, as Fertitta helped strike TV deals in China, France, Mexico, and Germany as well as open alternative revenue streams with a new UFC video game and UFC action figures, among other projects.

Fighters exposed to the UFC audience—or who became prominent—in the post-Pride era include Anderson Silva, Jon Fitch, Lyoto Machida, Cain Velasquez, and Jon Jones, among others.

UFC 100 and continued popularity: late 2000s – mid-2010s

Popularity took another major surge in 2009 with UFC 100 and the 10 events preceding it including UFC 90, 91, 92, 94, and 98. UFC 100 was a massive success garnering 1.7 million buys under the drawing power of former NCAA wrestling champion and current WWE superstar Brock Lesnar and his rematch with former UFC Heavyweight Champion Frank Mir, Canadian superstar Georges St-Pierre going head-to-head with Brazilian knockout artist Thiago Alves, and Pride legend Dan Henderson opposing British middleweight Michael Bisping; rival coaches on The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom.

UFC 100 was unique in that it drew significant interest from ESPN, which provided extensive coverage of the event in the days preceding and following it. In fact, ESPN would eventually devote additional coverage of the UFC and other MMA news with the television debut of MMA Live on ESPN2 in May 2010.

The buzz from UFC 100 was hampered significantly in the second half of 2009 after a rash of injuries and other health-related issues—including Brock Lesnar's life-threatening bout with diverticulitis—forcing the organization to continuously scramble and reshuffle its lineup for several events.

However, the momentum gradually began to pick up in the first quarter of 2010 after victories from defending champions Georges St-Pierre and Anderson Silva, as well as Lyoto Machida's first career defeat to "Shogun" Rua for the UFC Light Heavyweight title. These fights segued into a very popular clash between former UFC Champions and rivals Rashad Evans and Quinton Jackson—rival coaches on The Ultimate Fighter 10: Heavyweights—at UFC 114, featuring the UFC's first main event headlined by African-American fighters. The event scored over 1 million pay per view buys as Evans secured a unanimous decision victory.

UFC 129 shattered previous North American gate and attendance records.

This momentum carried into the summer of 2010 at UFC 116, which featured the return of Brock Lesnar defending his UFC Heavyweight title against the undefeated interim-champion Shane Carwin before 1.25 million PPV viewers. Lesnar survived an early barrage of Carwin's punches in a contest that was nearly stopped by referee Josh Rosenthal. However, Lesnar recovered in the second round to submit Carwin via arm triangle choke to retain the undisputed UFC Heavyweight Championship. The event as a whole was critically acclaimed in the media for living up to the hype with a number of exciting fights that were featured on the televised card.

After a dramatic fifth round, last minute victory by UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva over Chael Sonnen at UFC 117, Lesnar finally surrendered his belt to the undefeated Cain Velasquez via 1st-round TKO at UFC 121. The fight produced Velasquez's eighth knockout or technical knockout in his first nine MMA fights.

UFC 129 featured Georges St-Pierre vs. Jake Shields at the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and is currently the largest UFC event in North American history, which coincided with a two-day UFC Fan Expo at the Direct Energy Centre. The event sold out 55,000 tickets for gate revenues exceeding $11 million, shattering previous MMA attendance and gate records in North America.

On November 5, 2016 the UFC had their first exhibition in New York City after years of being delayed by government officials and red tape with a dramatic first match, Conor McGregor vs. Eddie Alvarez (Which Conor won).

WEC merger

Zuffa, the parent company of the UFC, purchased World Extreme Cagefighting in late 2006 and held the first WEC event under new ownership on January 20, 2007. Soon thereafter the WEC made its home on the Versus Network with its first event debuting on that network in June 2007.

On October 28, 2010, Zuffa announced that WEC would merge with the UFC. The WEC held its final card on December 16, 2010. As a result of the merger, the UFC absorbed WEC's bantamweight, featherweight and lightweight weight divisions and their respective fighters. The UFC also made the last WEC Featherweight and Bantamweight Champions, José Aldo and Dominick Cruz respectively, the inaugural UFC Champions of their new weight divisions.

Reed Harris, who started World Extreme Cagefighting with Scott Adams, had mixed emotions on the merger. "It's kind of like when your kid goes off to college: at first you're not happy, but after you think about it for a while, you're really happy," Harris told MMAWeekly.com in an exclusive interview immediately following the announcement. "At the end of the day, I never imagined this thing would be where we're at today. I'm extremely proud and happy that I was involved with something that will now be part of what may be, some day, the largest sports organization in the world."

Strikeforce purchase

The Strikeforce cage

On March 12, 2011, Dana White revealed that Zuffa had purchased Strikeforce. White went on to explain that Strikeforce will operate as an independent promotion, and that Scott Coker will continue to run the promotion. Strikeforce CEO Scott Coker announced the return of Fedor Emelianenko on an unspecified July or August event and said that Zuffa-owned company would continue to co-promote with M-1 Global. Following the purchase, the UFC signed many of Strikeforce's top stars and champions, such as Jason Miller, Nick Diaz, Dan Henderson, Alistair Overeem, and Cung Le. Under Zuffa's ownership, Strikeforce made minor changes, including adopting the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts in full, closing the promotion's men's weight classes below lightweight, and ceasing promotion of amateur undercard bouts. After an extension was reached to continue Strikeforce through 2012, the promotion's heavyweight division (sans Heavyweight Grand Prix finalists) was merged into the UFC, and the promotion's Challengers series was ended.

The final Strikeforce show was Strikeforce: Marquardt vs. Saffiedine on January 12, 2013, after which the promotion was dissolved and all fighter contracts were either ended or absorbed into the UFC.

Fox partnership

UFC on Fox Nielsen ratings

Event	Date	Rating	Share	Viewers	Ref.
Velasquez vs. dos Santos	November 12, 2011	3.1	5	5.7 million
Evans vs. Davis	January 28, 2012	2.6	5	4.7 million
Diaz vs. Miller	May 5, 2012	1.5	3	2.4 million
Shogun vs. Vera	August 4, 2012	1.4	3	2.4 million
Henderson vs. Diaz	December 8, 2012	2.5	5	4.4 million
Johnson vs. Dodson	January 26, 2013	2.4	5	4.2 million
Henderson vs. Melendez	April 20, 2013	2.2	4	3.7 million
Johnson vs. Moraga	July 27, 2013	1.5	3	2.4 million
Johnson vs. Benavidez 2	December 14, 2013	1.8	3	2.8 million
Henderson vs. Thomson	January 25, 2014	1.9	3	3.2 million
Werdum vs. Browne	April 19, 2014	1.6	3	2.5 million
Lawler vs. Brown	July 26, 2014	1.5	3	2.5 million
dos Santos vs. Miocic	December 13, 2014	1.6	3	2.8 million
Gustafsson vs. Johnson	January 24, 2015	1.8	4	3.0 million

On August 18, 2011, The Ultimate Fighting Championship and Fox announced a seven-year broadcast deal through the Fox Sports subsidiary, effectively ending the UFC's Spike TV and Versus (now NBC Sports Network) partnership. The deal includes four events on the main Fox network, 32 live Friday night fights per year on their cable network FX, 24 events following The Ultimate Fighter reality show and six separate Fight Night events.

The promotion's first broadcast television event – UFC on Fox: Velasquez vs. dos Santos – broke form by showcasing only one fight to television viewers. In the main event, Junior dos Santos abruptly dethroned then-undefeated UFC heavyweight champion Cain Velasquez by knock-out at 1:04 in the first round. The telecast peaked with 8.8 million viewers tuning into the fight with an average audience of 5.7 million, making it by far the most watched MMA event of all-time and the most watched combat sports event since 2003's HBO bout between Lennox Lewis and Vitali Klitschko.

One of the other programming opportunities that is already in motion is a weekly UFC magazine-style show. When asked about the potential for a weekly magazine-style series, UFC CEO Lorenzo Fertitta responded, "Not only weekly, but, potentially, multiple times per week you'll have a UFC magazine (show)." The UFC will maintain production control of its product, including the use of its broadcast team of Mike Goldberg and Joe Rogan. Fox Sports will produce the pre- and post-shows.

Women's MMA

Main article: Women's mixed martial arts

Ronda Rousey was the first female UFC champion. She defended her 135-pound Bantamweight Championship from March 3, 2012 to November 15, 2015.

On November 16, 2012, the eve of UFC 154: St. Pierre vs. Condit, Dana White confirmed with Jim Rome the UFC would feature women's MMA with the signing of its first female fighter, Strikeforce bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey. She subsequently became the first female UFC champion, the first Olympic medalist with a UFC title, and the first woman to defend a UFC title. She would successfully defend her title six times over a grand total of 1,074 days, before she was defeated by Holly Holm on November 15, 2015, at UFC 193.

On December 11, 2013, the UFC purchased the contracts of 11 female fighters from Invicta Fighting Championships to launch their 115-pound Strawweight division. Eight of the Invicta fighters took part in the 20th season of The Ultimate Fighter, The Ultimate Fighter: Team Pettis vs. Team Melendez, along with eight additional fighters signed up for the tournament via open tryouts. Season winner, Invicta FC's Strawweight Champion, Carla Esparza became the first UFC women's strawweight champion, defeating Rose Namajunas in the finale. Other fighters on the show included Felice Herrig, Tecia Torres, Bec Hyatt, Randa Markos, Jessica Penne, and Joanne Calderwood.

International expansion

The first UFC event to be held outside the United States was UFC 8 in Puerto Rico, a US territory, in 1996. Subsequently, the UFC has visited 15 countries in Asia, Europe, Oceania, South America, and North America.

Canada has hosted events 18 times, starting with UFC 83 in 2008 and most recently in 2015 with UFC 186. UFC's biggest event to date was also in Canada, as UFC 129 held at Rogers Centre featured a record-breaking attendance of 55,724.

The United Kingdom has been home to 16 events. The first was UFC 38 held in London in 2002. UFC returned to the United Kingdom in 2007 with UFC 70, and visited Northern Ireland for UFC 72. The UK's most recent event was at England with UFC 204 in 2016. Ireland has held UFC 93 in 2009 and UFC Fight Night: McGregor vs. Brandao 5 years later. In continental Europe, Germany has hosted 5 times, the first being UFC 99 in 2009, UFC 122 in 2010, UFC Fight Night: Munoz vs. Mousasi in 2014, UFC Fight Night: Jędrzejczyk vs. Penne in 2015 and the latest was UFC Fight Night: Arlovski vs. Barnett in 2016. Sweden has hosted 3 times, starting with UFC on Fuel TV: Gustafsson vs. Silva in 2012, and recently with UFC on Fox: Gustafsson vs. Johnson in 2015. Poland had its first event with UFC Fight Night: Gonzaga vs. Cro Cop 2 in 2015. There are also Fight Night events due to take place in 2016, in Rotterdam, Netherlands and Zagreb, Croatia.

The first Brazilian event was UFC Brazil: Ultimate Brazil, held in São Paulo in 1998. The promotion did not return to Brazil until 2011 for UFC 134, but since then, the country has hosted a further 20 events. Their most recent visit was UFC Fight Night: Condit vs. Alves. In 2014, Mexico became the second country in Latin America to host an event with UFC 180, followed by a second event, UFC 188, in 2015.

Seven UFC events have been held in Australia, beginning with UFC 110 in 2010 and most recently in 2015 with UFC 193. New Zealand held its first event in 2014, UFC Fight Night: Te Huna vs. Marquardt.

In Asia, the UFC has visited 5 countries. Japan had its first visit in 1997 for UFC Japan: Ultimate Japan. The UFC only returned to the country in 2012, with UFC 144. Their last visit was in 2014 for UFC Fight Night: Hunt vs. Nelson, the seventh event there. The promotion has also featured 2 visits to the United Arab Emirates. The first was in 2010 for UFC 112 and the second in 2014 for UFC Fight Night: Nogueira vs. Nelson. The promotion has also visited Macau in 3 occasions: China's special administrative region was first visited in 2012 with UFC on Fuel TV: Franklin vs. Le and last visited in 2014 for UFC Fight Night: Bisping vs. Le. The promotion has also visited Singapore with UFC Fight Night: Saffiedine vs. Lim in 2014. The Philippines was the most recent Asian country that the UFC has visited, with UFC Fight Night: Edgar vs. Faber in 2015.

The Ultimate Fighter has had international editions as well: Brazil (since 2012), Australia (vs. United Kingdom - 2012), China (2013), Canada (vs. Australia - 2014), and Latin America (2014).

TRT ban

On February 27, 2014, the Nevada State Athletic Commission banned the use of Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT). The UFC followed suit and banned the use of TRT for any of their events, including international markets where the UFC oversees regulatory efforts.

Introduction of USADA

On July 1, 2015, the UFC Anti-Doping Program was put into place, ran by the United States Anti-Doping Agency known as "USADA" to protect the rights of all clean athletes in the UFC.

WME–IMG era: 2016–present

Sale to WME–IMG

In May 2016, ESPN originally reported that UFC's parent company Zuffa LLC were in talks to sell the company for an expected value of $3.5 billion to $4 billion. The UFC had a reported EBITDA of $200–250 million in 2015. Since it is a privately owned company, no official comment was made from the UFC or Dana White regarding the sale. Companies initially interested in the sale were Dalian Wanda Group, China Media Capital, and WME–IMG.

On July 9, 2016, it was officially announced that the UFC would be sold to a group led by WME–IMG, its owner Silver Lake Partners, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, and MSD Capital, for $4.2 billion. This marks the largest-ever acquisition in the sports industry. Lorenzo Fertitta stated that the new ownership, "with whom we've built a strong relationship over the last several years, is committed to accelerating UFC's global growth", and that they "share the same vision and passion for this organization and its athletes." Flash Entertainment (owned by the government of Abu Dhabi) will retain its 10% minority stake in the company, and White will also retain a stake. Shortly after the sale, it was announced that White will remain as president, and Fertitta will step down as chairman and CEO. However, no replacement for Fertitta was immediately announced.

Lawsuit

Main article: Zuffa § Class action lawsuits

In December 2014, an antitrust lawsuit was filed against Zuffa by several fighters, claiming the organization restricts fighters' control over their careers and earning potential.

Throughout 2015, debate over venues and possible case dismissals ensued. Ultimately, the case moved to Nevada federal courts, where Zuffa was denied its motion to stay discovery for 15 years of its financial records.

This has caused an ongoing debate and struggle over how UFC sensitive information should be handled, and who may view it. Especially concerning MMAFA founder, Rob Maysey who has taken the lead in representing the former athletes and has stated he hopes to achieve reforms similar to the Ali Act (2000).

Later that year, a 12–16 month investigation began that is expected to last until sometime between September 2016 to January 2017. Thus far, both sides have provided well over 100,000 documents.

Rules

The current rules for the Ultimate Fighting Championship were originally established by the New Jersey Athletic Control Board. The set of "Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts" that New Jersey established has been adopted in other states that regulate mixed martial arts, including Nevada, Louisiana, and California. These rules are also used by many other promotions within the United States, becoming mandatory for those states that have adopted the rules, and so have become the standard de facto set of rules for professional mixed martial arts across the country.

Rounds

UFC matches vary in maximum length, depending on whether the match is for a Championship title, or is a fight card's "main event" fight. In all fights, each round can be no longer than five minutes. Championship fights last for a maximum of five rounds. Beginning with UFC 138 on November 5, 2011, non-championship "main event" fights (i.e. the final fight on the card) will also last for a maximum of five rounds. Non-main event bouts last for a maximum of three rounds. UFC on FX: Alves vs. Kampmann featured the organization's first two flyweight fights as part of its first flyweight tournament, which consists of bouts that, in the event of a draw, go to a fourth "sudden victory" round held to determine the winner, who advances. There is a one-minute rest period between rounds.

Cage

Shot of the Octagon as Chris Weidman upsets Anderson Silva at UFC 162.

The UFC stages bouts in an eight-sided enclosure officially named "The Octagon". Originally, SEG trademarked the concept as well as the term and prevented other mixed martial arts promotions from using the same type of cage, but in 2001 Zuffa gave permission for other promotions to use octagonal cages, reasoning that the young sport needed uniformity to continue to win official sanctioning. Today Zuffa reserves exclusive use of the name "The Octagon".

The UFC cage is an octagonal structure with walls of metal chain-link fence coated with black vinyl. The standard octagon has a diameter of 30 ft (9.1 m) with a 6 ft (1.8 m) high fence. The cage sits atop a platform, raising it 4 ft (1.2 m) from the ground. It has foam padding around the top of the fence and between each of the eight sections. It also has two entry-exit gates opposite each other. The mat, painted with sponsorship logos and art, is replaced for each event.

For smaller venues and events, the UFC often uses a smaller cage, which is only 25 ft (7.6 m) across.

Attire

All competitors must fight in approved shorts, without shoes. Shirts (except in the women's division), gis or long pants (including gi pants) are not allowed. Fighters must use approved light-weight open-fingered gloves, that include at least 1" of padding around the knuckles, (110 to 170 g / 4 to 6 ounces) that allow fingers to grab. These gloves enable fighters to punch with less risk of an injured or broken hand, while retaining the ability to grab and grapple. A mouthguard is also required. In addition, a jockstrap with cup pocket and protective cup is mandatory for men (women are prohibited from wearing groin protection). To ensure compliance, fighters are checked by a State Athletic Committee official before being allowed to enter the cage/ring.

Originally the attire for UFC was very open if controlled at all. Many fighters still chose to wear tight-fitting shorts or boxing-type trunks, while others wore long pants or singlets. Several wore wrestling shoes. Multi-time tournament Champion Royce Gracie wore a Brazilian jiu-jitsu gi in all of his early appearances in UFC (Gracie wore shorts against Matt Hughes at UFC 60), while Art Jimmerson appeared in UFC 1 wearing one standard boxing glove. As of UFC 133 there has been a ban on speedo style shorts after Dennis Hallman wore one in his fight against Brian Ebersole. UFC president Dana White was so furious about the fighter's choice of attire that he awarded an honorary "getting those horrifying shorts off TV as soon as possible" bonus to Ebersole for finishing the fight in the first round, and in following post-fight interviews made it clear that speedo style shorts will no longer be tolerated.

Reebok Uniform

On December 2, 2014, the UFC and Reebok held a press conference to announce an exclusive deal for Reebok to become the worldwide outfitter for the UFC, beginning in July 2015. Financial terms of the six-year partnership were not released, but UFC officials said that though the agreement represents the most valuable non-broadcast contract the company has ever signed, the UFC will not directly profit from the new deal. Instead, company execs said the deal is structured so that the "vast majority of the revenue" from the deal – taking out only the costs associated with administering the new program – will be paid directly to UFC fighters.

Payment on the new deal was originally expected to be based on the fighter's spot in the official UFC rankings, with the exception of the UFC champions. Fighters ranked No. 1 to 5 would be paid at one level, No. 6 to 10 at a lower level, No. 11 to 15 below that, and unranked fighters at a base rate. The payments will remain consistent regardless of where the athletes' bouts air. In addition to the per-fight rate, fighters will also receive royalty payments representing 20 percent of any UFC merchandise sold that bears their likeness. The royalty program will also include retired fighters and continue in perpetuity. The deal itself is reported to be worth 70 million dollars which is what the fighters will be paid over the next six years which is roughly 260 thousand dollars per UFC fight card. In April 2015, the UFC announced that they scrapped the rankings idea and that payment will be based on the fighter's number of bouts in the octagon, with different tiers (1-5 fights, 6-10 fights, 11-15 fights, and 16-20 fights). Exceptions are made in the event of title fights, with champions and title challengers receiving greater compensation. The kits were revealed on June 30, 2015. All kits will feature the fighter's name on the back of the jersey and fighters will have the option to choose between a universal kit or a country kit, related to his nationality. There is also a champion kit, designed to be used only by title holders.

The new deal means that beginning with fight week for UFC 189 in Las Vegas, existing sponsors will no longer appear on fighter clothing – not only on fight night, but also at all pre-fight media appearances – and in-cage sponsor banners also will be eliminated. Fighter camps also will be outfitted with approved clothing to create a uniform look in athletes' corners. Existing sponsors are still welcome to support UFC fighters. However, the companies will be tasked with finding a new activation process since third-party logos will no longer be allowed on UFC broadcasts, other than title-sponsor slots – similar to those seen with European soccer clubs – that the UFC may eventually sell to "a major, global brand" down the road.

Match outcome

Matches may end via:

• Submission: a fighter clearly taps the mat or his opponent, verbally submits, or clearly communicates being in pain (such as by yelling) to a degree that causes the referee to stop the fight. Also, a technical submission may be called when a fighter either loses consciousness or is on the verge of or suffers serious injury while in a hold.
• Knockout: a fighter is put into a state of unconsciousness resulting from any legal strike.
• Technical Knockout (TKO): If the referee decides a fighter cannot continue, the fight is ruled as a technical knockout. Technical knockouts can be classified into three categories:
  • referee stoppage (the referee ends the fight because one fighter is deemed unable to intelligently defend himself)
  • doctor stoppage (a ring side doctor decides that it is unsafe for one fighter to continue the bout, due to excessive bleeding or physical injuries)
  • corner stoppage (a fighter's cornerman signals defeat for his own fighter)
• Judges' Decision: Depending on scoring, a match may end as:
  • unanimous decision (all three judges score a win for fighter A)
  • majority decision (two judges score a win for fighter A, one judge scores a draw)
  • split decision (two judges score a win for fighter A, one judge scores a win for fighter B)
  • technical decision (a fighter is rendered unable to continue as a result of an unintentional illegal element or move, resulting in a decision based on the finished and unfinished rounds if the number of rounds to be judged is sufficient)
  • unanimous draw (all three judges score a draw)
  • majority draw (two judges score a draw, one judge scoring a win)
  • split draw (one judge scores a win for fighter A, one judge scores a win for fighter B, and one judge scores a draw)
  • technical draw (the bout ends in a manner similar to that of a technical decision, with the judges' scores resulting in a draw)
• Disqualification: a fighter intentionally executes an illegal move that is considered by the referee or opponent to be injurious or significant enough to negatively alter the opponent's performance should the fight continue, resulting in the opponent's victory.
• Forfeit: a fighter fails to compete or intentionally and prematurely ends the bout for a reason besides injury, resulting in the opponent's victory.
• No Contest: a fighter is rendered unable to continue or compete effectively as a result of an unintentional illegal element or move and there is not a sufficient number of finished rounds to be judged to make a technical decision viable, or both fighters are rendered unable to continue or compete effectively. Also, a fight may be ruled a no contest if the original outcome of the bout is changed due to unsatisfactory or illegal circumstances, such as a premature stoppage or a fighter's testing positive for banned substances.

In the event of a draw, it is not necessary that the fighters' total points be equal (see, e.g., UFC 41 Penn vs. Uno, or UFC 43 Freeman vs. White). However, in a unanimous or split draw, each fighter does score an equal number of win judgments from the three judges (0 or 1, respectively).

Judging criteria

The ten-point must system is in effect for all UFC fights; three judges score each round and the winner of each receives ten points while the loser receives nine points or fewer (although 10–10 rounds are given in the rare event that a judge feels the rounds was too close to warrant giving one fighter 10 and the other 9.) Scores of 10–8 are typically awarded for dominant rounds and anything more dominant is scored less. 10–7 rounds are very rare.

Fouls

The Nevada State Athletic Commission currently lists the following as fouls:

1. Biting
2. Eye-gouging
3. Fish-hooking
4. Groin attacks
5. Small joint manipulation
6. Hair pulling
7. Putting a finger into any orifice or into any cut or laceration on an opponent (see Fish-hooking)
8. Throat strikes of any kind, including, without limitation, grabbing the trachea
9. Clawing, pinching or twisting the flesh
10. Intentionally attempting to break an opponent's bone
11. Spiking an opponent to the canvas on the head or neck (see Piledriver)
12. Throwing an opponent out of the ring or fenced area
13. Holding the shorts or gloves of an opponent
14. Spitting at an opponent
15. Engaging in unsportsmanlike conduct that causes an injury to an opponent
16. Holding the ropes or the fence
17. Using abusive language in the ring or fenced area
18. Attacking an opponent on or during the break
19. Attacking an opponent who is under the care of the referee
20. Attacking an opponent after the bell (horn) has sounded the end of a round
21. Flagrantly disregarding the instructions of the referee
22. Timidity, including, without limitation, avoiding contact with an opponent, intentionally or consistently dropping the mouthpiece or faking an injury
23. Interference by the corner
24. Using any foreign substance that could give an unfair advantage
25. Head-butting
26. Striking to the spine or the back of the head (see Rabbit punch)
27. Striking downward using the point of the elbow (see Elbow (strike))

Fouls against a grounded opponent

1. Kicking the head of a grounded opponent
2. Kneeing the head of a grounded opponent
3. Stomping a grounded opponent

When a foul is charged, the referee in their discretion may deduct one or more points as a penalty. If a foul incapacitates a fighter, then the match may end in a disqualification if the foul was intentional, or a no contest if unintentional. If a foul causes a fighter to be unable to continue later in the bout, it ends with a technical decision win to the injured fighter if the injured fighter is ahead on points, otherwise it is a technical draw.

Match conduct

• After a verbal warning the referee can stop the fighters and stand them up if they reach a stalemate on the ground (where neither are in a dominant position or working towards one). This rule is codified in Nevada as the stand-up rule.
• If the referee pauses the match, it is resumed with the fighters in their prior positions.
• Grabbing the cage brings a verbal warning, followed by an attempt by the referee to release the grab by pulling on the grabbing hand. If that attempt fails or if the fighter continues to hold the cage, the referee may charge a foul.
• Early UFC events disregarded verbal sparring / "trash-talking" during matches. Under unified rules, antics are permitted before events to add to excitement and allow fighters to express themselves, but abusive language during combat is prohibited.

Evolution of the rules

• UFC 1 – Although the advertising said There Are No Rules, there were in fact some rules: no biting, no eye-gouging and no groin attacks. Fights ended only in the event of a knockout, submission or the corner throwing in the towel. Despite this, the first match in UFC 1 was won by referee stoppage, even though it was not officially recognized as such at the time.
• UFC 2 – Groin attacks were unbanned. Time limits were dropped ending the need for judges. Modifications to the cage were added (the fence became 5 feet tall but would continually grow in height afterwards and the floor became the canvas that is still used today).
• UFC 3 – The referee was officially given the authority to stop a fight in case of a fighter being unable to defend himself. A fighter could not kick if he was wearing shoes. This rule would later be discarded, then changed to 'no kicking with shoes while on the ground' and then reinstated, before finally being discarded.
• UFC 4 – After tournament alternate Steve Jennum won UFC 3 by winning only one bout, alternates (replacements) were required to win a pre-tournament bout to qualify for the role of an alternate.
• UFC 5 – The organizers introduced a 30-minute time limit. UFC 5 also saw the first Superfight, a one-off bout between two competitors selected by the organizers with the winner being crowned 'Superfight champion' and having the duty of defending his title at the next UFC.
• UFC 6 – The referee was given the authority to restart the fight. If two fighters were entangled in a position where there was a lack of action, the referee could stop the fight and restart the competitors on their feet, in their own corner. In UFC 6 they officially adopted the 5-minute extension to the 30-minute rule which had been used in UFC 5.
• Ultimate Ultimate 1995 – This event was the first to introduce the no fish-hooking rule and to reinstate judges. Time limits were changed to 15 minutes in the quarter-finals, 18 minutes in the semi-finals and 27 minutes in the finals.
• UFC 8 – Time limits changed to 10 minutes in the first two rounds of the tournament, 15 minutes in the tournament final and Superfight. Time limits would continually change in the later UFC events. Fights could now be decided by a judges decision if the fight reached the end of the time limit. The panel was made up of three judges who simply raised a card with the name of the fighter they considered to be the winner. In this fashion, a draw was not possible since the only two possible outcomes of a decision were 3 to 0 or 2 to 1 in favor of the winner.
• UFC 9 – To appease local authorities, closed fisted strikes to the head were banned for this event only. The commentators were not aware of this last minute rule that was made to prevent the cancellation of the event due to local political pressures. Referee "Big John" McCarthy made repeated warnings to the fighters to "open the hand" when this rule was violated. However, not one fighter was reprimanded. UFC 9 was also the last UFC event to feature the superfight.
• Ultimate Ultimate 1996 – This event was the first to introduce the "no grabbing of the fence" rule.
• UFC 12 – The main tournament split into a heavyweight (over 200 lbs.) and lightweight (200 lbs. and under) division; and the eight-man tournament ceased. Fighters now needed to win only two fights to win the competition. The Heavyweight Champion title (and title bouts) was introduced, replacing the Superfight title (albeit matches were still for a time branded as "Superfights").
• UFC 14 – The lightweight division was re-branded middleweight. The wearing of padded gloves, weighing 110 to 170 g (4 to 6 ounces), becomes mandatory. Gloves were to be approved by the UFC. Hair-pulling, groin strikes and kicks to a downed opponent became illegal.
• UFC 15 – Limits on permissible striking areas were introduced. Headbutts, elbow strikes to the back of the neck and head and small joint manipulation became illegal.
• UFC 21 – Five minute rounds were introduced, with preliminary bouts consisting of two rounds, regular non-title bouts at three rounds, and title bouts at five rounds. The "ten-point must system" was introduced for scoring fights (identical to the system widely used in boxing).
• UFC 28 – The New Jersey State Athletic Control Board sanctions its first UFC event, using the newly developed Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts. Major changes to the UFC's rules included barring knee strikes to the head of a downed opponent, elbow strikes to the spine and neck and punches to the back of the neck and head. Limits on permissible ring attire, stringent medical requirements, and regulatory oversight were also introduced. A new weight class system was also introduced. This new set of rules is currently the de facto standard for MMA events held in the U.S. and is still in use by the UFC.
• UFC 31 – Weight classes are re-aligned to the current standard. Bantamweight moves from 150 to 155 and becomes known as lightweight. Lightweight becomes known as welterweight, middleweight becomes light heavyweight, and a new middleweight class is introduced at 185 pounds. Stools and seconds are first permitted in The Octagon between rounds.
• UFC 43 – In the event of a stoppage fights restart in the position the fight was stopped.
• UFC 94 – After an incident where Georges St-Pierre was accused of putting vaseline on his back, corner men were disallowed from bringing vaseline into The Octagon. Petroleum jelly may now only be applied by UFC employed cutmen.
• UFC 97 – Foot-stomps are banned. (For this event only)
• UFC 133 – Speedo style trunks are banned.
• UFC 138 – First 5-round non-title main event.

The Ultimate Fighter

Fights that occur on The Ultimate Fighter are classified as exhibition matches under NSAC sanctioning, and thus do not count toward the professional record of a fighter. Match outcomes also do not need to be immediately posted publicly, which allows for fight results to be unveiled as the series progresses.

For two-round matches, if there is a draw after two rounds, an extra five-minute round ("sudden victory") is contested. If the extra round concludes without a stoppage, the judges' decision will be based on that final round.

These exhibition matches variably have two or three rounds, depending on the rules used for each season. In most seasons, preliminary matches (before the semi-final bouts) were two rounds; in season two, all matches had three rounds. All matches past the first round use three rounds as per standard UFC bouts. During the finales for each series, the division finals have the standard three rounds, plus a fourth round if the judges score a tie.

Weight divisions/Current champions

See also: Mixed martial arts weight classes

See also: List of UFC champions

The UFC currently uses nine different weight classes:

Weight class name	Minimum Weight (lb)	Upper limit			Gender	Current champion	Date won	Defenses
		in pounds (lb)	in kilograms (kg)	in stone (st)
Strawweight	None	115	52.2	8 st 3 lb	Women	Joanna Jędrzejczyk	March 14, 2015	4
Flyweight	115	125	56.7	8 st 13 lb	Men	Demetrious Johnson	September 22, 2012	9
Bantamweight	125	135	61.2	9 st 9 lb	Men	Cody Garbrandt	December 30, 2016	0
					Women	Amanda Nunes	July 9, 2016	1
Featherweight	135	145	65.8	10 st 5 lb	Men	José Aldo	November 26, 2016 (Promoted from interim title when McGregor was stripped from title)	0
					Women	Germaine De Randamie	February 11, 2017	0
Lightweight	145	155	70.3	11 st 1 lb	Men	Conor McGregor	November 12, 2016	0
Welterweight	155	170	77.1	12 st 2 lb	Men	Tyron Woodley	July 31, 2016	1
Middleweight	170	185	83.9	13 st 3 lb	Men	Michael Bisping	June 4, 2016	1
Light Heavyweight	185	205	93.0	14 st 9 lb	Men	Daniel Cormier	May 23, 2015	1
Heavyweight	205	265	120.2	18 st 13 lb	Men	Stipe Miocic	May 14, 2016	1

Non-title fights have a one-pound leniency. In title fights, the participants must weight no more than that permitted for the relevant weight division. The Commission may also approve catch weight bouts, subject to their review and discretion. For example, the Commission may still decide to allow the contest the maximum weight allowed is 177 pounds if it feels that the contest would still be fair, safe, and competitive. In addition, there is one weight class specified in the Unified Rules which the UFC does not currently use, super heavyweight, which is for fighters over 265 pounds.

UFC events

Main article: List of UFC events

Production team

Octagon girl Arianny Celeste

Comedian, Brazilian jiu-jitsu and Taekwondo black belt Joe Rogan teams up with play-by-play announcer Mike Goldberg to provide commentary during broadcasts of nearly all UFC events in the US. The "Veteran Voice of the Octagon" is announcer Bruce Buffer. Arianny Celeste and Brittney Palmer are Octagon girls. Each fighter is assigned a cutman by the promotion who cares for the fighter before the fight and in between rounds. Jacob "Stitch" Duran was one of the best known cutmen working for the organization. Matches are made by matchmakers, and VP of Talent Relations, Joe Silva and Sean Shelby.

Fighter salaries and contracts

A UFC fighter generally does not have a salary. They are paid per fight, with amounts depending on how well-known the fighters are and how well sponsored a fighter and an event is. Fighters will typically get paid money to fight with an additional bonus if they win. Cash bonuses are also awarded for "Fight of the Night" and "Performance of the Night" (formerly awarded separately as "Knockout of the Night"). The size of these bonuses can sometimes be $80,000 USD (but are normally $50,000 USD). For less well-known fighters, they can be several times larger than the contracted amount for the fight. Contracted amounts generally have to be declared to the state athletic commission; however, the UFC also pays undisclosed locker-room bonuses to fighters. In recent years, UFC fighters' contracts and merchandising rights have been the subject of dispute between fighters (represented by growing the Mixed Martial Arts Fighters Association) and UFC, which has attempted to defend existing regulations.

UFC records

Main article: List of UFC records

Record	Fighter	Number
Youngest Champion	Jon Jones	23 years, 242 days
Oldest Champion	Randy Couture	45 years, 146 days
Longest reign as a Champion	Anderson Silva	2,457d (6y 8m 22d)
Most championship reigns	Randy Couture	5
Most Bouts	Michael Bisping	27
Most Wins	Michael Bisping	20
Most Finishes	Anderson Silva Vitor Belfort	14
Most Knockouts	Vitor Belfort	12
Most Submissions	Royce Gracie	11
Most Decision Wins	Georges St-Pierre	12
Most wins in title bouts	Georges St-Pierre	12
Most title bouts	Randy Couture	15
Most consecutive title defenses	Anderson Silva	10
Longest winning streak	Anderson Silva	16
Most Post Fight Awards	Nate Diaz	15
Most Performance of the Night Awards	Conor McGregor	5
Most Knockout of the Night Awards	Anderson Silva	7
Most Submission of the Night Awards	Joe Lauzon	6
Most Fight of the Night Awards	Nate Diaz	8
Most total fight time	Frankie Edgar	6:02:51
Most takedowns in a single bout	Khabib Nurmagomedov	21 of 27 attempts
Fastest knockout	Duane Ludwig	0:06
Fastest submission	Oleg Taktarov	0:09
Fastest Title Fight Knockout	Conor McGregor	0:13
Fastest Title Fight Submission	Ronda Rousey	0:14

UFC Hall of Fame

Main article: UFC Hall of Fame

Media

Television

• "Friends" Season 3, Episode 24 "The One with the Ultimate Fighting Champion" features Jon Favreau as Pete Becker, Monica's millionaire boyfriend who seeks to become the "Ultimate Fighting Champion," losing his first fight due to his opponent "standing on [his] neck," and the second to a man who "Trains by traveling to Iran and pulling the arms off of thieves." In his third fight Pete loses to a fighter who "goes for his favorite area," causing Ross to note Pete can no longer have kids.

Music

• UFC: Ultimate Beat Downs, Vol. 1, an album of music featured in and inspired by the UFC.

Video games

• Ultimate Fighting Championship (Dreamcast and PlayStation)
• UFC: Tapout (Xbox)
• UFC: Throwdown (GameCube, PlayStation 2)
• UFC: Tapout 2 (Xbox)
• UFC: Sudden Impact (PlayStation 2)
• UFC 2009 Undisputed (PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360)
• UFC Undisputed 2010 (PlayStation Portable, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, iPod Touch, iPad, iPhone)
• UFC Personal Trainer (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii)
• UFC Undisputed 3 (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360)
• EA Sports UFC (PlayStation 4, Xbox One)
• EA Sports UFC 2 (PlayStation 4, Xbox One)

In January 2007, Zuffa and video game developer/publisher THQ announced a license agreement giving THQ worldwide rights to develop titles under the UFC brand. The agreement gives THQ exclusive rights to current and next-generation consoles as well as to PC and handheld titles. Also included are "certain wireless rights" which were not detailed. The licensing agreement was set to expire in 2011, although it appeared to have been extended to 2017. On June 6, 2012, during the E3 Exhibition, THQ had announced that they will be giving the license of UFC Undisputed to EA.

Action figures

Round 5

The first UFC action figure collectibles were released by Round 5 Corporation in May 2008. Series one of their figures includes Quinton "Rampage" Jackson, Matt Hughes, Tito Ortiz, and Randy Couture. Series two (released on November 10, 2008) includes Wanderlei Silva, Sean Sherk, Rich Franklin, and Anderson Silva.

In July 2009, Round 5 acquired the UFC license through Jakks Pacific and subsequently released 5 more series under the UFC and Pride brands. 2 packs were released in August 2010 and includes a UFC Octagon cage and Pride ring display stand. Limited edition versions include fabric walk out tees or paint variations and are limited in number with foil and holographic packaging variances. Special edition and exclusive versions have been released at various UFC Fan Expo events.

Jakks Pacific

On June 10, 2008, it was announced that UFC had signed an exclusive four-year contract with Jakks Pacific to create action figures for UFC. As of 2009 the schedule envisages the release of these figures in November 2009. They have currently been 8 series released and they feature special Legends, PRIDE, and WEC style figures as well. Three 2 packs series have also been released, as well as several expo and internet exclusives. There are also several different octagon cage playsets that have been released, including the "Octagon Playset", "Official Scale Octagon Playset", and "Electronic Reaction Octagon Playset". A PRIDE style ring playset was also originally planned; however, no news have been given on its status or release date since then.

Jakks Pacific UFC Deluxe Figure Lineups

• Series 0: Royce Gracie (Legends Packaging), Brock Lesnar, Frank Mir, Rashad Evans, Keith Jardine, Houston Alexander, Kendall Grove, Miguel Angel Torres (WEC Packaging)
• Series 1: Chuck Liddell, Anderson Silva, Forrest Griffin, Michael Bisping, Evan Tanner (Legends Packaging), Kevin Randleman (PRIDE Packaging), Cheick Kongo, Mike Swick
• Series 2: Nate Marquardt, Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, Mike Thomas Brown (WEC Packaging), Bas Rutten (unreleased in this series, moved to series 6), Georges St-Pierre (unreleased in this series, moved to series 6), Lyoto Machida (unreleased in this series, moved to series 5), Quinton Jackson (unreleased in this series, moved to series 8), Thiago Alves (unreleased in this series, moved to series 6)
• Series 3: Chuck Liddell (Legends Packaging), Karo Parisyan, B.J. Penn, Jon Fitch, Mark Coleman (Legends Packaging), Thiago Silva, Maurício Rua (PRIDE Packaging)
• Series 4: Wanderlei Silva, Sean Sherk, Rich Franklin, Matt Hughes, Kimbo Slice, Jamie Varner (WEC Packaging), Don Frye (Legends Packaging), Andrei Arlovski (unreleased in this series, later released in series 7)
• Series 5: Lyoto Machida (1 of 100 inserts were also released randomly and contained a special die cast version of the UFC belt), Quinton Jackson (PRIDE Packaging), Matt Hamill, Dan Severn (Legends), Kenny Florian, Matt Serra, Stephan Bonnar
• Series 6: Thiago Alves, Randy Couture (unreleased, was originally supposed to be a 1 of 100 inserts that was to be released randomly and contain a special die cast version of the UFC belt), Georges St-Pierre, Clay Guida, Frank Mir, Tito Ortiz, Jens Pulver (WEC Packaging), Bas Rutten (Legends)
• Series 7 (if bought at Target, each of them, except for Nogueira, also came with a replica UFC event mini-poster): B.J. Penn (Legends Packaging), Anderson Silva, Andrei Arlovski, Forrest Griffin (Legends Packaging), Diego Sanchez, Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira (PRIDE Packaging, 1 of 100 inserts were also released randomly and contained a special die cast version of the PRIDE belt)
• Series 8: Matt Hughes (Legends Packaging), Chuck Liddell (PRIDE Packaging), Frankie Edgar (1 of 100 inserts were also released randomly and contained a special die cast version of the UFC belt), Nate Diaz, Quinton Jackson

Jakks Pacific UFC Deluxe 2 Packs Figures Lineups

• Series 1: Chuck Liddell vs. Wanderlei Silva, Frank Mir vs. Brock Lesnar, Anderson Silva vs. Rich Franklin
• Series 2: Lyoto Machida vs. Shogun Rua, Georges St-Pierre vs. Matt Hughes, Randy Couture vs. Chuck Liddell (was supposed to be canceled due to copyright issues; however, 1,000 packs managed to make it to several K-Mart stores)
• Series 3: Chuck Liddell vs. Tito Ortiz, B.J. Penn vs. Kenny Florian, Dan Severn vs Royce Gracie (Legends Packaging)
• Expos Exclusives: Georges St-Pierre (Boston Expo 2010, 1 of 500)
• Ringside Collectibles Internet Exclusives: Forrest Griffin vs. Stephan Bonnar: The Ultimate Fighter Season 1 Final, Dana White, Quinton Rampage Jackson 1 of 1000

DVD

Every pay-per-view UFC event has been released onto DVD. UFC 23 through UFC 29 were not released in the US on home video or DVD by SEG. They have since been released onto boxsets which feature around 10 events each set, in chronological order.

PlayStation Network and Xbox Live

UFC on-demand content launched for Xbox 360 on December 20, 2011. Subscribers are able to view pay-per-view events in high definition, connect with friends to predict fight results, and have the ability to compare fighter statistics and records. The UFC Fight Pass application was also planned for PlayStation 4 in early 2015.

UFC international broadcasters

The UFC's PPV events are broadcast live vía Spike TV (sister channel of MTV). In Latin America, events are broadcast live on UFC Network TV in Pay TV (Cable and Satellite) of SKY Satellite. Free TV Channels in South America and Central America are broadcast with tape-delay. In Brazil, events are broadcast live on Combate Channel from Globosat. Rede Globo's are broadcast tape-delayed from 12:00 am. In India, events are broadcast on Sony Six. In the Philippines, UFC was also aired on Balls (now ABS-CBN Sports + Action HD) from 2009 until 2015, since moved to Sports5 (including TV5 and Hyper on Channel 53 via Cignal) starting January 3, 2016.

See also

• List of UFC champions
• List of UFC events
• List of current UFC fighters
• List of UFC bonus award recipients
• List of current mixed martial arts champions
• UFC Fight Pass

Notes

References

External links

• Official website (Mobile)
• MMA Fight Cages
• Ultimate Fighting Championship at the Wayback Machine (archived February 21, 2001)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 原発性両側副腎皮質大結節性過形成によるクッシング症候群 cushings syndrome due to primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
• 2. 内因性および外因性ステロイドの尿中排泄の測定 measurement of urinary excretion of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids
• 3. 副腎皮質機能亢進症の内科的治療（クッシング症候群） medical therapy of hypercortisolism cushings syndrome
• 4. 妊娠中のクッシング症候群 cushings syndrome in pregnancy
• 5. 腹膜透析における溶質クリアランスおよび限外濾過の機序 mechanisms of solute clearance and ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis

English Journal

• Matrix effect in guava multiresidue analysis by QuEChERS method and gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry.

• Guedes JA1, Silva Rde O1, Lima CG2, Milhome MA3, do Nascimento RF4.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:380-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.007. Epub 2015 Dec 5.
• "Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe" (QuEChERS)-GC/MS analytical technique was used to evaluated matrix effect of twenty-two pesticides in guava. Validation parameters (selectivity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy and precision) were determined for multiresidue analysis. Statistical test (
• PMID 26775985

• Optimization of pectin extraction from banana peels with citric acid by using response surface methodology.

• Oliveira TÍ1, Rosa MF2, Cavalcante FL3, Pereira PH4, Moates GK4, Wellner N4, Mazzetto SE5, Waldron KW4, Azeredo HM6.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 1;198:113-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.080. Epub 2015 Aug 21.
• A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90°C) and time (120-240min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. Changes in composition during the m
• PMID 26769512

• Modeling of laccase inhibition by formetanate pesticide using theoretical approaches.

• Martins AC1, Ribeiro FW1, Zanatta G2, Freire VN3, Morais S4, de Lima-Neto P1, Correia AN5.
• Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Bioelectrochemistry.2016 Apr;108:46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.12.004. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
• The inhibition of laccase enzymatic catalytic activity by formetanate hydrochloride (FMT) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and by quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory with a protein fragmentation approach. The cyclic voltammograms were obtained using a biosensor pre
• PMID 26720841

Japanese Journal

• 設計報告 デンカ小滝川橋の設計 : 場所打ちによるUFC製道路橋

• 別府 教,伊藤 康輔,森田 遼 [他]
• プレストレストコンクリート = Journal of prestressed concrete, Japan 57(1), 20-25, 2015-01
• NAID 40020346922

• 超高強度繊維補強コンクリートを用いたプレキャスト袖壁により補強されたRC柱の終局強度

• 向井 智久,福山 洋,諏訪田 晴彦 [他],白井 一義,衣笠 秀行
• 日本建築学会構造系論文集 80(710), 637-645, 2015
• …  It is expected that Ultra high strength Fiber reinforced Concrete (UFC) is effective for seismic retrofit of medium-rise old buildings in the light of not only an improvement of strength but ductility. … This paper presents the behavior of old RC column retrofitted by precast UFC wing wall and the observed failure mode by experimental tests. … It is confirmed that the difference of connection detail between RC and UFC wing wall influences the effect of seismic retrofit in the test. …
• NAID 130005069387

• 超高強度繊維補強コンクリート「サクセム」の場所打ち施工への展開 : 小滝川橋梁へ向けた検討と施工実績

• 渡邊 有寿,一宮 利通,柳井 修司 [他]
• 鹿島技術研究所年報 62, 89-96, 2014-09
• NAID 40020230449

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