Sordariales

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Neurospora、Neurospora crassa

WordNet

1. genus of fungi with black perithecia used extensively in genetic research; includes some forms with orange spore masses that cause severe damage in bakeries (同)genus Neurospora

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/07 13:07:57」(JST)

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Sordariales
Chaetonium sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Sordariomycetes
Order:	Sordariales
Families
Chaetomiaceae Lasiosphaeriaceae Sordariaceae

Sordariales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes (also known as Pyrenomycetes), subphylum Pezizomycotina, phylum Ascomycota.

Most Sordariales are saprobic, producing solitary perithecial ascomata. They are commonly found on dung or decaying plant matter.

Sordariales Chadefaud ex D. Hawksworth & O.E. Eriksson, Syst. Ascomycet. (1986) is characterised by superficial ascomata, either perithecial or cleistothecial, non-amyloid and shallow ascal ring, black spores often with a gelatinous sheath or appendages (Lundqvist, 1972; Kirk et al., 2001). Members of this Order can be coprophiliac, fungicolous, herbicolous, lignicolous or soil-inhabiting. According to the recent compilation (Eriksson et al., 2006), the Sordariales contains three accepted families: the Chaetomiaceae, Lasiosphaeriaceae and Sordariaceae.

Historically, up to 14 families have been placed in the Sordariales based on the putative ascomal ontogenetic characters involved in centrum development (Luttrell, 1951). Two of the families (Batistiaceae, Catabotrydaceae) are monotypic, and nine others (Annulatascaceae, Boliniaceae, Cephalothecaceae, Ceratostomataceae, Chaetomiaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Helminthosphaeriaceae, Nitschkiaceae, Sordariaceae) contain fewer than 15 genera each (Eriksson et al., 2003). The Lasiosphaeriaceae is by far the largest and most morphologically diverse family in the Order. 53 genera have been referred to this family (Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1998) but recently it has been redefined and circumscribed with 27 genera (Eriksson, 2006). Sordariaceae, on the other hand, is one of the well-known and best-studied families, as it consists of some notable taxa such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria fimicola, model organisms that are widely used in molecular and genetic studies (Perkins, 1992; Taylor et al., 1993; Kalogeropoulos & Thuriaux, 2001).

Familial delineation of taxa to Lasiosphaeriaceae and Sordariaceae has been very unclear in the past. Genera within these two classes have been combined under one family (Munk, 1953; Carroll & Munk, 1964; Dennis, 1968), then separated into two families with two subfamilies in Lasiosphaeriaceae (Lundqvist, 1972) or split into a third family, Tripterosporaceae (Cain, 1956; Barr, 1990). This ambiguity is now resolved with molecular phylogenetics. In the recent study by Huhndorf et al. (2004), most of the families that have been previously placed in Sordariales were evaluated. They concluded that the Order is a coherent group with morphologies that vary along well-defined lines, including large ascomata with large-celled membraneous or coriaceous walls and ascospores that show wide variation in the kinds of appendages or sheaths. As a result of their study, only Chaetomiaceae, Lasiosphaeriaceae and Sordariaceae are retained in the Order Sordariales, others including Annulatascaceae, Boliniaceae, Batistiaceae, Catabotrydaceae, Cephalothecaceae, Ceratostomataceae, Chaetomiaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Helminthosphaeriaceae and Nitschkiaceae were either placed into a new Order, in other existing Orders, or in Sordariomyetidae incertae sedis.

References

English Journal

• Phialemoniopsis, a new genus of Sordariomycetes, and new species of Phialemonium and Lecythophora.

• Perdomo H, García D, Gené J, Cano J, Sutton DA, Summerbell RC, Guarro J.SourceMycology Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
• Mycologia.Mycologia.2012 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print]
• In molecular studies involving numerous clinical isolates of the genera Acremonium, Phialemonium and Lecytophora some of them could not be identified. To clarify the phylogenetic relationships among these fungi and other related taxa, we performed a polyphasic study based on a detailed morphological
• PMID 23099515

• Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of chaetoglobosins.

• Xu GB, Li LM, Fang DM, Li GY, Zhang GL, Wu ZJ.SourceChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.
• Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom.2012 Sep 30;26(18):2115-22. doi: 10.1002/rcm.6329.
• RATIONALE: Chaetoglobosins are a family of macrocyclic polyketide alkaloids. They possess many similar isomers and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Thus, there is a need for reliable, fast, and low-cost analysis of this class of compounds.METHODS: A series of seven chaetoglobosins from
• PMID 22886807

Japanese Journal

• Cuspidatispora xiphiago gen. et sp. nov. from an eastern North American creek

• Miller Andrew N.,Shearer Carol A.,Bartolata Melissa [他],HUHNDORF Sabine M.
• Mycoscience 47(4), 218-223, 2006-08-20
• NAID 10019291063

• Multi-gene phylogenies indicate ascomal wall morphology is a better predictor of phylogenetic relationships than ascospore morphology in the Sordariales (Ascomycota)

• MILLER AN
• Mol Phylogenet Evol 35, 60-75, 2005
• NAID 30021287907

• Molecular systematics of the Sordariales : the order and the family Lasiosphaeriaceae redefined

• HUHNDORF SM
• Mycologia 96, 368-387, 2004
• NAID 30034890983

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