WordNet

first in order of importance; "the alpha male in the group of chimpanzees"; "the alpha star in a constellation is the brightest or main star"
the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet
the beginning of a series or sequence; "the Alpha and Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end"--Revelations
early testing stage of a software or hardware product; "alpha version"
any high mountain

PrepTutorEJDIC

アルファ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第1字A,α;英語のA,aに相当) / アルファ星(星座の主星)
parental guidance(映画の観客指定で)親の認可[映画]
高山,高峰

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/11 09:48:08」(JST)

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Prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α in prostanoid nomenclature), pharmaceutically termed dinoprost (INN), is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used in medicine to induce labor and as an abortifacient.

In domestic mammals, it is produced by the uterus when stimulated by oxytocin, in the event that there has been no implantation during the follicular phase. It acts on the corpus luteum to cause luteolysis, forming a corpus albicans and stopping the production of progesterone. Action of PGF_2α is dependent on the number of receptors on the corpus luteum membrane.

The PGF_2α isoform 8-iso-PGF_2α was found in significantly increased amounts in patients with endometriosis, thus being a potential causative link in endometriosis-associated oxidative stress.^[1]

Mechanism of action

PGF_2α acts by binding to the prostaglandin F2α receptor.

Synthesis

In 2012 a concise and highly stereoselective total synthesis of PGF_2α was described.^[2] The synthesis requires only seven steps, a huge improvement on the original 17-steps synthesis of Corey and Cheng,^[3] and uses 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran as a starting reagent, with S-proline as an asymmetric catalyst.

Analogs

The following medications are analogs of prostaglandin F_2α:

Latanoprost
Bimatoprost
Travoprost
Carboprost

References

^ Sharma, I.; Dhaliwal, L.; Saha, S.; Sangwan, S.; Dhawan, V. (2010). "Role of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha and 25-hydroxycholesterol in the pathophysiology of endometriosis". Fertility and Sterility 94 (1): 63–70. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.141. PMID 19324352. edit
^ Coulthard, G.; Erb, W.; Aggarwal, V. K. (2012). "Stereocontrolled organocatalytic synthesis of prostaglandin PGF2α in seven steps". Nature 489 (7415): 278–281. doi:10.1038/nature11411. PMID 22895192. edit
^ Corey, E.J.; Cheng, X.M. (1995). The Logic of Chemical Synthesis. Wiley.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 経腟分娩後の出血管理 management of postpartum hemorrhage at vaginal delivery
2. 思春期における原発性月経困難症 primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents
3. 陣痛誘発前に未成熟な頸管を熟化させる手技 techniques for ripening the unfavorable cervix prior to induction
4. 産褥性子宮内反症 puerperal uterine inversion
5. アナフィラキシーの臨床診断を裏付ける臨床検査 laboratory tests to support the clinical diagnosis of anaphylaxis

English Journal

Severity of oxidative stress and inflammatory activation in end-stage heart failure patients are unaltered after 1month of left ventricular mechanical assistance.

Caruso R, Verde A, Campolo J, Milazzo F, Russo C, Boroni C, Parolini M, Trunfio S, Paino R, Martinelli L, Frigerio M, Parodi O.SourceCNR Clinical Physiology Institute, Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Piazzale Ospedale Maggiore, 3-20162 Milan, Italy.
Cytokine.Cytokine.2012 Jul;59(1):138-44. Epub 2012 May 9.
This study investigates the impact of early left ventricular (LV)-mechanical unloading on systemic oxidative stress and inflammation in terminal heart failure patients and their impact both on multi organ failure and on intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Circulating levels of urinary 15-isoprostane-F(2
PMID 22579113

Compared to dinoprost tromethamine, cloprostenol sodium increased rates of estrus detection, conception and pregnancy in lactating dairy cows on a large commercial dairy.

Pursley JR, Martins JP, Wright C, Stewart ND.SourceDepartment of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2012 May 22. [Epub ahead of print]
Using two PGF(2α) treatments 14 days apart as a way to enhance estrus detection rate following the 2nd treatment is a reproductive management tool that continues to be used on large dairy farms. In one study, in cows with a functional CL and a dominant follicle, treatment with cloprostenol vs. dino
PMID 22626771

Japanese Journal

The effect of leg hyperthermia using far infrared rays in bedridden subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Kawaura Akihiko,Tanida Noritoshi,Kamitani Masato,Akiyama Junichi,Mizutani Masatoshi,Tsugawa Naoko,Okano Toshio,Takeda Eiji
Acta Medica Okayama 64(2), 143-147, 2010-04-00
… Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, free fatty acid, leptin, adiponectin and plasma 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-epi-PGF2alpha) levels as a marker of oxidative stress were measured on admission, just before and 2 weeks after local heating of the leg. … Results showed that plasma total 8-epi-PGF2alpha levels were decreased significantly while TNFalpha levels were increased significantly. …
NAID 120002311883

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying PGF2.ALPHA.-induced Hypertrophy of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

FAN Chunyuan,KATSUYAMA Masato,WEI Haiyan,XIA Qingjie,LIU Wentao,YABE-NISHIMURA Chihiro
薬学雑誌 130(2), 211-214, 2010
… The present review focuses primarily on the studies we made in recent years to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PGF2α-induced hypertrophy of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMC). … In this review, we will summarize the recent findings in the context of the PGF2α signaling pathway in three parts: PGF2α binding to its receptor, transactivation of EGF receptor, two independent signaling transduction pathways increasing the expression of NOX1 gene. …
NAID 130000171290

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「プロスタグランジンF2α」「prostaglandin F2」
関連記事	「PG」「alpha」「PGF」「PGF2」

「プロスタグランジンF2α」

Dinoprost Tromethamine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(E,3S)- 3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Legal status	?
Routes	Intravenous (to induce labor), intra-amniotic (to induce abortion)
Pharmacokinetic data
Half-life	3 to 6 hours in amniotic fluid, less than 1 minute in blood plasma
Identifiers
CAS number	551-11-1 38562-01-5
ATC code	G02AD01
PubChem	CID 5280363
IUPHAR ligand	1884
DrugBank	DB01160
ChemSpider	4444062
KEGG	D01352
ChEMBL	CHEMBL815
Chemical data
Formula	C20H34O5
Mol. mass	354.48 g/mol
	SMILES O=C(O)CCC/C=C\C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1/C=C/[C@@H](O)CCCCC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C20H34O5/c1-2-3-6-9-15(21)12-13-17-16(18(22)14-19(17)23)10-7-4-5-8-11-20(24)25/h4,7,12-13,15-19,21-23H,2-3,5-6,8-11,14H2,1H3,(H,24,25)/b7-4-,13-12+/t15-,16+,17+,18-,19+/m0/s1 ; Key:PXGPLTODNUVGFL-YNNPMVKQSA-N ;
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