イシクラゲ、((学名))ストック・コミュン

WordNet

communicate intimately with; be in a state of heightened, intimate receptivity; "He seemed to commune with nature"
a body of people or families living together and sharing everything
the smallest administrative district of several European countries
receive Communion, in the Catholic church (同)communicate
found in moist places as rounded jellylike colonies

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…と)親しく語る(交わる)《+『with』+『名』》 / 懇談,親交
聖餐(せいさん)を受ける,聖体を受ける
コミューン(フランス・ベルギー・イタリア・スペインなどでの最小自治行政区);(一般に)地方自治体 / (共産主義的)共同体;(中国の)人民公社 / (また『the Commune of Paris』)《the C-》パリコミューン((1)1789年から1794年までのパリ革命自治政府(2)1871年3月18日から5月28日までのパリの革命政府)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/24 20:55:18」(JST)

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Nostoc commune is a species of cyanobacterium in the family Nostocaceae. Common names include star jelly, witch's butter, mare's eggs, fah-tsai and facai. It is the type species of the genus Nostoc and is cosmopolitan in distribution.

Description

Nostoc commune is a colonial species of cyanobacterium. It initially forms a small, hollow gelatinous globule which grows and becomes leathery, flattened and convoluted, forming a gelatinous mass with other colonies growing nearby. Inside the thin sheath are numerous unbranched hair-like structures called trichomes formed of short cells in a string. Cells have no nucleus nor internal membrane system. To multiply, they form two new cells when they divide by binary fission. Along the trichomes, larger specialist nitrogen-fixing cells called heterocysts occur between the ordinary cells. When wet, Nostoc commune is bluish-green, olive green or brown but in dry conditions it becomes an inconspicuous, crisp brownish mat.^[2]^[3]

Distribution and habitat

Nostoc commune

Nostoc commune is found in many countries around the world. It is able to survive in extreme conditions in polar regions and arid areas. It is a terrestrial or freshwater species and forms loose clumps on soil, gravel and paved surfaces, among mosses and between cobbles.^[1] In Singapore, Nostoc commune is found growing on alkaline soils, in brackish water, in paddy fields, on cliffs and on wet rocks.^[2]

Biology

Nostoc commune can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and can therefore live in locations where no nitrogenous compounds are available from the substrate. Nostoc commune does not have chloroplasts but contains photosynthetic pigments in the cytoplasm of the cells. It also contains pigments that absorb long and medium wavelength ultraviolet radiation, which enables it to survive in places with high levels of radiation.^[3]

Under adverse conditions, Nostoc commune can remain dormant for an extended period of time and revive when conditions improve and water becomes available. The desiccated colony is resistant to heat and to repeated patterns of freezing and thawing and produces no oxygen while dormant.^[4] It has been found that extracellular polysaccharides are vital to its stress tolerance and ability to recover.^[4]

Nostoc commune can occur in pockets in the thallus of hornworts such as Phaeoceros.^[1]

Uses

Nostoc commune is eaten as a salad in the Philippines and is also eaten in Indonesia, Japan and Taiwan. In Taiwan, it is nicknamed "yu-lai gu" (meaning post-rain mushroom) or "tsao-di er" (meaning meadow ears). Nostoc commune var. flagelliforme is known as "facai" in China which forms part of the food traditionally served at the Lunar New Year.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2012). "Nostoc commune - Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault". AlgaeBase. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c Wee Yeow Chin. "Nostoc commune". Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ ^a ^b "Nostoc". MicrobeWiki. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
^ ^a ^b Tamaru, Yoshiyuki; Yayoi, Takani; Yoshida, Takayuki; Toshio, Sakamoto (2005). "Crucial Role of Extracellular Polysaccharides in Desiccation and Freezing Tolerance in the Terrestrial Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 (11): 7327–7333. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7327-7333.2005.

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Air-dust-borne associations of phototrophic and hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms: promising consortia in volatile hydrocarbon bioremediation.

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Efficiency of real-time qPCR depends on the template: a simple absolute quantification method correcting for qPCR efficiency variations in microbial community samples.

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Japanese Journal

The cyanobacterial UV-absorbing pigment scytonemin displays radical-scavenging activity

Matsui Kei,Nazifi Ehsan,Hirai Yosuke,Wada Naoki,Matsugo Seiichi,Sakamoto Toshio
Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 58(2), 137-144, 2012
… In this study, scytonemin was purified from the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune, and its radical-scavenging activity was characterized. … commune. … commune. …
NAID 120004140842

Novel glycosylated mycosporine-like amino acids with radical scavenging activity from the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune

Matsui Kei,Nazifi Ehsan,Kunita Shinpei,Wada Naoki,Matsugo Seiichi,Sakamoto Toshio
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 105(1), 81-89, 2011-10-05
… Two novel MAAs were purified from the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune, and their chemical structures were characterized. … commune. … commune. …
NAID 120003386980

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リンク元	「イシクラゲ」「ノストック・コミュン」
関連記事	「Nostoc」

「イシクラゲ」

Nostoc commune
	Nostoc commune
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Cyanobacteria
Class:	see taxonomic note
Order:	Nostocales
Family:	Nostocaceae
Genus:	Nostoc
Species:	N. commune
Binomial name
	Nostoc commune; Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, 1888
Synonyms
	Nostocella communis Gaillon; Tremella nostoc Linnaeus 1753; Ulva pruniformis Linnaeus 1753; Nostoc kurzianum Zeller 1873;