WordNet

type genus of the family Nostocaceae: freshwater blue-green algae
blue-green algae (同)family Nostocaceae
found in moist places as rounded jellylike colonies

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/11 08:31:46」(JST)

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Nostoc is a genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of environmental niches that forms colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath.

The name Nostoc was coined by Paracelsus.^[1]

Nostoc can be found in soil, on moist rocks, at the bottom of lakes and springs (both fresh- and saltwater), and rarely in marine habitats. It may also grow symbiotically within the tissues of plants, such as the evolutionarily ancient angiosperm Gunnera and the hornworts (a group of bryophytes), providing nitrogen to its host through the action of terminally differentiated cells known as heterocysts. These bacteria contain photosynthetic pigments in their cytoplasm to perform photosynthesis.

Species

Nostoc pruniforme

Nostoc is a member of the family Nostocaceae of the order Hormogonales. Species include:

N. azollae
N. caeruleum
N. carneum
N. comminutum
N. commune, Koxianmi (Chinese)^[2]
N. ellipsosporum
N. flagelliforme
N. linckia
N. longstaffi
N. microscopicum
N. muscorum
N. paludosum
N. pruniforme
N. punctiforme
N. sphaericum
N. sphaeroides
N. spongiaeforme
N. verrucosum

Non-scientific nomenclature

When it is on the ground, a nostoc colony is ordinarily not seen; but after a rain it swells up into a conspicuous jellylike mass, which was once thought to have fallen from the sky; hence the popular names, star jelly, troll’s butter, witch's butter (not to be confused with the fungus Tremella mesenterica), and witch’s jelly.

Michael Quinion of the "World Wide Words" newsletter says that it is known in Welsh as pwdre sêr (rot of the stars).^[3] It is also known as pydredd sêr (star-slime).^[4]

Culinary use

Containing protein and vitamin C,^[5] Nostoc species are cultivated and consumed as a foodstuff, primarily in Asia. The species N. flagelliforme and N. commune are consumed in China, Japan and Java, N. commune is also consumed in the Andes. The preferred variety in Central Asia is N. ellipsosporum.

A research team from the biochemistry department of the Chinese University of Hong Kong said that international research has shown that fat choy (Nostoc flagelliforme), besides having no nutritional value, has also been found to contain Beta-methylamino L-alanine (BMAA), a toxic amino acid that could affect the normal functions of nerve cells. Professor Chan King-ming of the team told the media that eating fat choy could lead to degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia.^[6]^{[citation needed]} While all cyanobacteria produce BMAA, the beneficial compounds may override any toxic effects.^[7]

References

^ Potts, M. (1997). "Etymology of the Genus Name Nostoc (Cyanobacteria)" (pdf). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 47 (2): 584. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-584.
^ Abbott, I. A. (1989). "Food and food products from seaweeds". In Lembi, C. A.; Waaland, J. R. Algae and human affairs. Cambridge University Press, Phycological Society of America. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-521-32115-0.
^ Weird Words: Nostoc on World Wide Words
^ Thomas, R. J.; Bevan, G. A.; Donovan, P. J. (2003). Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru. Caerdydd (Cardiff): Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru. ISBN 978-0-7083-1806-5.
^ Nostoc Num Nums [1] Accessed 2016-02-17
^ The standard.com.hk Archived November 22, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Ku, Lee (2013). "Edible blue-green algae reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in macrophages and splenocytes". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1830 (4): 2981–2988. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.018. PMID 23357040.

http://www.microscopyu.com/galleries/confocal/nostoc.html
http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/n/n0171000.html
http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/seagrant/GLWL/Algae/Cyanophyta/Cyanophyta.html
http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=nostoc 1913 Webster's Dictionary
Davidson, Alan. Oxford Companion to Food (1999), "Nostoc". ISBN 0-19-211579-0

External links

Nostoc spec. in lichens

Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2008). "Nostoc". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.

English Journal

Natural products from cyanobacteria with antimicrobial and antitumor activity.

Silva-Stenico ME, Kaneno R, Zambuzi FA, Vaz MG, Alvarenga DO, Fiore MF1.
Current pharmaceutical biotechnology.Curr Pharm Biotechnol.2014 Oct;14(9):820-8.
Cyanobacteria are an important source of structurally bioactive metabolites, with cytotoxic, antiviral, anticancer, antimitotic, antimicrobial, specific enzyme inhibition and immunosuppressive activities. This study focused on the antitumor and antimicrobial activities of intra and extracellular cya
PMID 24372264

Identification and characterization of a carboxysomal γ-carbonic anhydrase from the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120.

de Araujo C1, Arefeen D, Tadesse Y, Long BM, Price GD, Rowlett RS, Kimber MS, Espie GS.
Photosynthesis research.Photosynth Res.2014 Sep;121(2-3):135-50. doi: 10.1007/s11120-014-0018-4. Epub 2014 Jun 8.
Carboxysomes are proteinaceous microcompartments that encapsulate carbonic anhydrase (CA) and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco); carboxysomes, therefore, catalyze reversible HCO3 (-) dehydration and the subsequent fixation of CO2. The N- and C-terminal domains of the β-carbo
PMID 24907906

Interactions and structural variability of β-carboxysomal shell protein CcmL.

Keeling TJ1, Samborska B, Demers RW, Kimber MS.
Photosynthesis research.Photosynth Res.2014 Sep;121(2-3):125-33. doi: 10.1007/s11120-014-9973-z. Epub 2014 Feb 7.
CcmL is a small, pentameric protein that is argued to fill the vertices of β-carboxysomal shell. Here we report the structures of two CcmL orthologs, those from Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 and Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1. These structures broadly resemble those previously reported for other strains.
PMID 24504539

Japanese Journal

Corrigendum to "characterization of the chemical diversity of glycosylated mycosporine-like amino acids in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune" [Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 142 (2015) 154-168]

Nazifi Ehsan,Wada Naoki,Asano Tomoya,Nishiuchi Takumi,Iwamuro Yoshiaki,Chinaka Satoshi,Matsugo Seiichi,Sakamoto Toshio
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 144, 75, 2015-03
NAID 120005593948

Characterization of the chemical diversity of glycosylated mycosporine-like amino acids in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune

Nazifi Ehsan,Wada Naoki,Asano Tomoya,Nishiuchi Takumi,Iwamuro Yoshiaki,Chinaka Satoshi,Matsugo Seiichi,Sakamoto Toshio
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 142, 154-168, 2015-01
… Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are UV-absorbing pigments, and structurally unique glycosylated MAAs are found in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. …
NAID 120005537890

Phylogenetic Diversity of Peltigera Cyanolichens and Their Photobionts in Southern Chile and Antarctica

, , , , ,
Microbes and Environments advpub(0), 2015
… The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of each symbiont were defined by analyzing the genetic diversity of the LSU and SSU rDNA of the mycobionts and cyanobionts, respectively, and a phylogenetic approach was used to relate these OTUs with sequences previously reported for Peltigera and Nostoc. …
NAID 130005067625

Related Pictures

Case study of germinating Nostoc. Nostoc Structure Description Nostoc.jpg Description Nostoc commune.jpg chorus frog right micrograph of nostoc Nostoc Nostoc sp.

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ノストック」「ノストック属」
拡張検索	「Nostoc属」「Nostoc commune」「Nostoc muscorum」

「ノストック」

Nostoc
	Photo of N. azollae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Cyanobacteria
Class:	see taxonomic note
Order:	Nostocales
Family:	Nostocaceae
Genus:	Nostoc
Species
	N. azollae; N. caeruleum; N. carneum; N. comminutum; N. commune; N. ellipsosporum; N. flagelliforme; N. linckia; N. longstaffi; N. microscopicum; N. muscorum; N. paludosum; N. pruniforme; N. punctiforme; N. sphaericum; N. sphaeroides; N. spongiaeforme; N. verrucosum

　　[★]

ラ: Nostoc
関: ノストック属、Nostoc属

「ノストック属」

　　[★]

ラ: Nostoc
関: ノストック、Nostoc属

「Nostoc属」

　　[★]

ラ: Nostoc
関: ノストック、ノストック属

「Nostoc commune」

　　[★]

イシクラゲ、((学名))ストック・コミュン

「Nostoc muscorum」

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ノストック・ムスコラム

[1] Potts, M. (1997). "Etymology of the Genus Name Nostoc (Cyanobacteria)" (pdf). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 47 (2): 584. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-584.

[Abbott-2] Abbott, I. A. (1989). "Food and food products from seaweeds". In Lembi, C. A.; Waaland, J. R. Algae and human affairs. Cambridge University Press, Phycological Society of America. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-521-32115-0.

[3] Weird Words: Nostoc on World Wide Words

[4] Thomas, R. J.; Bevan, G. A.; Donovan, P. J. (2003). Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru. Caerdydd (Cardiff): Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru. ISBN 978-0-7083-1806-5.

[5] Nostoc Num Nums [1] Accessed 2016-02-17

[6] The standard.com.hk Archived November 22, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.

[7] Ku, Lee (2013). "Edible blue-green algae reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-κB pathway in macrophages and splenocytes". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1830 (4): 2981–2988. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.018. PMID 23357040.

匿名

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案内

案内

Nostoc